10 research outputs found
One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Published associations between dietary folate and bladder cancer risk are inconsistent. Biomarkers may provide more accurate measures of nutrient status. This nested case-control analysis within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) investigated associations between pre-diagnostic serum folate, homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12 and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas of the bladder (UCC). A total of 824 patients with newly diagnosed UCC were matched with 824 cohort members. Serum folate, homocysteine, and vitamins B6 and B12 were measured. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total, aggressive, and non-aggressive UCC were estimated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for smoking status, smoking duration and intensity, and other potential confounders. Additionally, statistical interaction with smoking status was assessed. A halving in serum folate concentrations was moderately associated with risk of UCC (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98-1.43), in particular aggressive UCC (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02-1.75; p-heterogeneity = 0.19). Compared to never smokers in the highest quartile of folate concentrations, this association seemed only apparent among current smokers in the lowest quartile of folate concentrations (OR: 6.26; 95% CI: 3.62-10.81, p-interaction = 0.07). Dietary folate was not associated with aggressive UCC (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.81-1.95; p-heterogeneity = 0.14). No association was observed between serum homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12 and risk of UCC. This study suggests that lower serum folate concentrations are associated with increased UCC risk, in particular aggressive UCC. Residual confounding by smoking cannot be ruled out and these findings require confirmation in future studies with multiple measurements.Peer reviewe
An experimental study of gastric stump carcinoma in Wistar rats
The risk of gastric stump carcinoma is increased 15-20 years after gastric resection for benign disease. Reflux of duodenal juice, bacterial overgrowth and formation of N-nitroso compounds are possible etiological factors. There is a geographical variation in the incidence of gastric cancer, possibly explained by differences in food intake. Experimentally it is possible to induce gastric stump carcinoma in rats without the addition of exogenous carcinogens. The aim of this study was: 1) to find the incidence of gastric carcinoma in rats subjected to BII resection and followed for 10 months, and 2) to examine if acetic acid, a common dietary factor, could influence the development of gastric carcinoma. Amongst BII-operated male Wistar rats, infiltrating carcinoma was found in 5/20 on a normal diet and in 5/24 exposed to acetic acid (NS). Benign mucosal changes were seen in 12/20 and 16/24 respectively (NS). With the exception of a profound inflammation in one sham-operated animal, no mucosal pathological changes were found in 24 sham-operated and 24 control animals where no operation was performed
One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Published associations between dietary folate and bladder cancer risk
are inconsistent. Biomarkers may provide more accurate measures of
nutrient status. This nested case-control analysis within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) investigated
associations between pre-diagnostic serum folate, homocysteine, vitamins
B6 and B12 and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas of the bladder
(UCC). A total of 824 patients with newly diagnosed UCC were matched
with 824 cohort members. Serum folate, homocysteine, and vitamins B6 and
B12 were measured. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)
for total, aggressive, and non-aggressive UCC were estimated using
conditional logistic regression with adjustment for smoking status,
smoking duration and intensity, and other potential confounders.
Additionally, statistical interaction with smoking status was assessed.
A halving in serum folate concentrations was moderately associated with
risk of UCC (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98-1.43), in particular aggressive UCC
(OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02-1.75; p-heterogeneity = 0.19). Compared to
never smokers in the highest quartile of folate concentrations, this
association seemed only apparent among current smokers in the lowest
quartile of folate concentrations (OR: 6.26; 95% CI: 3.62-10.81,
p-interaction = 0.07). Dietary folate was not associated with aggressive
UCC (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.81-1.95; p-heterogeneity = 0.14). No
association was observed between serum homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12
and risk of UCC. This study suggests that lower serum folate
concentrations are associated with increased UCC risk, in particular
aggressive UCC. Residual confounding by smoking cannot be ruled out and
these findings require confirmation in future studies with multiple
measurements
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: A reanalysis of the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study after a longer follow-up
In a previous European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) analysis, we found an inverse association between total intake of vegetables, onion and garlic, and risk of intestinal gastric cancer (GC) and between citrus fruit and risk of cardia GC. The aim of this study is to reanalyze the effect of fruit and vegetables (F&V), based on a longer follow-up and twice the number of GC cases. Subjects are 477,312 men and women mostly aged 35 to 70 years participating in the EPIC cohort, including 683 gastric adenocarcinomas with 11 years of follow-up. Information on diet and lifestyle was collected at baseline. A calibration study in a subsample was used to correct for dietary measurement errors. When comparing the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake, we found an inverse association between total intake of V&F and GC risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.571.04; p for trend 0.02], between fresh fruit and risk of the diffuse type (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.360.97; p for trend 0.03) and an inverse association between citrus fruit and risk of cardia cancer (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.381.00, p for trend 0.01). Although calibration revealed somewhat stronger inverse associations, none of the risks reached statistical significance. There was no association between total or specific vegetables intake and GC risk. The inverse association between fresh fruit and citrus fruits and risk of GC seems to be restricted to smokers and the Northern European countries. Fresh fruit and citrus fruit consumption may protect against diffuse and cardia GC, respectively
Aberrant DNA methylation of cancer-associated genes in gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST)
Epigenetic events have emerged as key mechanisms in the regulation of
critical biological processes and in the development of a wide variety
of human malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC), however precise
gene targets of aberrant DNA methylation in GC remain largely unknown.
Here, we have combined pyrosequencing-based quantitative analysis of DNA
methylation in 98 GC cases and 64 controls nested within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort and in
cancer tissue and non-tumorigenic adjacent tissue of an independent
series of GC samples. A panel of 10 cancer-associated genes (CHRNA3,
DOK1, MGMT, RASSF1A, p14ARF, CDH1, MLH1, ALDH2, GNMT and MTHFR) and
LINE-1 repetitive elements were included in the analysis and their
association with clinicopathological characteristics (sex, age at
diagnosis, anatomical sub-site, histological sub-type) was examined.
Three out of the 10 genes analyzed exhibited a marked hypermethylation,
whereas two genes (ALDH2 and MTHFR) showed significant hypomethylation,
in gastric tumors. Among differentially methylated genes, we identified
new genes (CHRNA3 and DOK1) as targets of aberrant hypermethylation in
GC, suggesting that epigenetic deregulation of these genes and their
corresponding cellular pathways may promote the development and
progression of GC. We also found that global demethylation of tumor cell
genomes occurs in GC, consistent with the notion that abnormal
hypermethylation of specific genes occurs concomitantly with genome-wide
hypomethylation. Age and gender had no significant influence on
methylation states, but an association was observed between LINE-1 and
MLH1 methylation levels with histological subtype and anatomical
sub-site. This study identifies aberrant methylation patters in specific
genes in GC thus providing information that could be exploited as novel
biomarkers in clinics and molecular epidemiology of GC. (C) 2011
Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Macronutrient intake and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
<p>Previous studies have suggested that dietary factors may be important in the development of bladder cancer. We examined macronutrient intake in relation to risk of urothelial cell carcinoma among 469,339 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified by sex, age at recruitment and centre and further adjusted for smoking status and duration, body mass index and total energy intake. After an average of 11.3 years of follow-up, 1,416 new cases of urothelial cell carcinoma were identified. After allowing for measurement error, a 3% increase in the consumption of energy intake from animal protein was associated with a 15% higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 330%; ptrend = 0.01) and a 2% increase in energy from plant protein intake was associated with a 23% lower risk (95% CI: 367%, ptrend = 0.006). Dietary intake of fat, carbohydrate, fibre or calcium was not associated with risk. These findings suggest that animal and/or plant protein may affect the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma, and examination of these associations in other studies is needed.</p>
Macronutrient intake and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Previous studies have suggested that dietary factors may be important in
the development of bladder cancer. We examined macronutrient intake in
relation to risk of urothelial cell carcinoma among 469,339 men and
women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified
by sex, age at recruitment and centre and further adjusted for smoking
status and duration, body mass index and total energy intake. After an
average of 11.3 years of follow-up, 1,416 new cases of urothelial cell
carcinoma were identified. After allowing for measurement error, a 3%
increase in the consumption of energy intake from animal protein was
associated with a 15% higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI]:
330%; ptrend = 0.01) and a 2% increase in energy from plant protein
intake was associated with a 23% lower risk (95% CI: 367%, ptrend =
0.006). Dietary intake of fat, carbohydrate, fibre or calcium was not
associated with risk. These findings suggest that animal and/or plant
protein may affect the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma, and
examination of these associations in other studies is needed
Fluid intake and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Results from previous studies investigating the association between
fluid intake and urothelial cell carcinomas (UCC) are inconsistent. We
evaluated this association among 233,236 subjects in the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had
adequate baseline information on water and total fluid intake. During a
mean follow-up of 9.3 years, 513 first primary UCC occurred. At
recruitment, habitual fluid intake was assessed by a food frequency
questionnaire. Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated using Cox
regression stratified by age, sex and center and adjusted for energy
intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of
smoking. When using the lowest tertile of intake as reference, total
fluid intake was not associated with risk of all UCC (HR 1.12; 95% CI
0.86-1.45, p-trend = 0.42) or with risk of prognostically high-risk UCC
(HR 1.28; 95% CI 0.85-1.93, p-trend = 0.27) or prognostically low-risk
UCC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.65-1.33, p-trend = 0.74). No associations were
observed between risk of UCC and intake of water, coffee, tea and herbal
tea and milk and other dairy beverages. For prognostically low-risk UCC
suggestions of an inverse association with alcoholic beverages and of a
positive association with soft drinks were seen. Increased risks were
found for all UCC and prognostically low-risk UCC with higher intake of
fruit and vegetable juices. In conclusion, total usual fluid intake is
not associated with UCC risk in EPIC. The relationships observed for
some fluids may be due to chance, but further investigation of the role
of all types of fluid is warranted
Genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH7) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), alcohol consumption and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
Studies that have examined the association between alcohol consumption
and gastric cancer (GC) risk have been inconsistent. We conducted an
investigation of 29 genetic variants in alcohol metabolism loci (alcohol
dehydrogenase, ADH1 gene cluster: ADH1A, ADH1B and ADH1C; ADH7 and
aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH2), alcohol intake and GC risk. We analyzed
data from a nested case-control study (364 cases and 1272 controls)
within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
cohort. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using a
customized array. We observed a statistically significant association
between a common 3’-flanking SNP near ADH1A (rs1230025) and GC risk
[allelic odds ratio (OR)(A v T) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)
= 1.07-1.59]. Two intronic variants, one in ADH1C (rs283411) and one in
ALDH2 (rs16941667), also were associated with GC risk (ORT v C = 0.59;
95% CI = 0.38-0.91 and ORT v C = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.00-1.79,
respectively). Individuals carrying variant alleles at both ADH1
(rs1230025) and ALDH2 (rs16941667) were twice as likely to develop GC
(ORA+T = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.25-3.20) as those not carrying variant
alleles. The association between rs1230025 and GC was modified by
alcohol intake (< 5 g/day: ORA = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.57-1.39; >= 5 g/day:
ORA = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.08-1.94, P-value = 0.05). The association was
also modified by ethanol intake from beer. A known functional SNP in
ADH1B (rs1229984) was associated with alcohol intake (P-value = 0.04)
but not GC risk. Variants in ADH7 were not associated with alcohol
intake or GC risk. In conclusion, genetic variants at ADH1 and ALDH2
loci may influence GC risk, and alcohol intake may further modify the
effect of ADH1 rs1230025. Additional population-based studies are needed
to confirm our results