318 research outputs found
Economic benefit of the National Broadband Network
This paper argues that all regions benefit from the NBN but the economic effects are greater in the major cities because of their larger economic activity.
Executive summary
This paper is a partial summary of a study undertaken in the Centre for Energy-Efficient Telecommunications (CEET) at the University of Melbourne. The study focuses on the potential economic impact of Australia’s NBN.
The NBN affects the economy by making online services more widely available. Taking a conservative approach, we have considered just six categories of online services (cloud computing, electronic commerce, online higher education, telehealth practice, teleworking, and entertainment) from which there are documented economic benefits.
We have attributed to the NBN only the additional benefit derived from its deployment over and above what we estimate would have been the broadband situation in Australia without the NBN. That is, we have not assumed that broadband availability would have stagnated without the NBN.
We do expect, however, that future services will require higher access speeds, generally in the range 10-25 Mb/s. With this assumption and using a well-attested model of the Australian economy, we show that, in the long term, real GDP can be boosted by about 1.8% and real household consumption (a measure of national welfare) by about 2.0%. When we take into account the need to repay the cost of the NBN, GDP increases slightly but the benefit to real household consumption is reduced to 1.4%. Most of the benefit comes from telehealth and teleworking.
Because the access speeds (downstream and upstream) required for the services are quite uncertain, we have looked at the effects of access speeds. If all the services except entertainment can be provided with no more than 2.5 Mb/s down and up (typical of implementations today), then the costs of the NBN outweigh the benefits. Real GDP increases by less than 0.2% but real household consumption declines by 0.4%. That is, building an NBN just for entertainment is not economically viable.
An analysis of the regional distribution of benefits shows that all regions benefit from the NBN but the economic effects are greater in the major cities because of their larger economic activity
Using Bad Learners to find Good Configurations
Finding the optimally performing configuration of a software system for a
given setting is often challenging. Recent approaches address this challenge by
learning performance models based on a sample set of configurations. However,
building an accurate performance model can be very expensive (and is often
infeasible in practice). The central insight of this paper is that exact
performance values (e.g. the response time of a software system) are not
required to rank configurations and to identify the optimal one. As shown by
our experiments, models that are cheap to learn but inaccurate (with respect to
the difference between actual and predicted performance) can still be used rank
configurations and hence find the optimal configuration. This novel
\emph{rank-based approach} allows us to significantly reduce the cost (in terms
of number of measurements of sample configuration) as well as the time required
to build models. We evaluate our approach with 21 scenarios based on 9 software
systems and demonstrate that our approach is beneficial in 16 scenarios; for
the remaining 5 scenarios, an accurate model can be built by using very few
samples anyway, without the need for a rank-based approach.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Strongly Refuting Random CSPs Below the Spectral Threshold
Random constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are known to exhibit threshold
phenomena: given a uniformly random instance of a CSP with variables and
clauses, there is a value of beyond which the CSP will be
unsatisfiable with high probability. Strong refutation is the problem of
certifying that no variable assignment satisfies more than a constant fraction
of clauses; this is the natural algorithmic problem in the unsatisfiable regime
(when ).
Intuitively, strong refutation should become easier as the clause density
grows, because the contradictions introduced by the random clauses become
more locally apparent. For CSPs such as -SAT and -XOR, there is a
long-standing gap between the clause density at which efficient strong
refutation algorithms are known, , and the
clause density at which instances become unsatisfiable with high probability,
.
In this paper, we give spectral and sum-of-squares algorithms for strongly
refuting random -XOR instances with clause density in time or in
rounds of the sum-of-squares hierarchy, for any
and any integer . Our algorithms provide a smooth
transition between the clause density at which polynomial-time algorithms are
known at , and brute-force refutation at the satisfiability
threshold when . We also leverage our -XOR results to obtain
strong refutation algorithms for SAT (or any other Boolean CSP) at similar
clause densities. Our algorithms match the known sum-of-squares lower bounds
due to Grigoriev and Schonebeck, up to logarithmic factors.
Additionally, we extend our techniques to give new results for certifying
upper bounds on the injective tensor norm of random tensors
Measured unsteady transonic aerodynamic characteristics of an elastic supercritical wing with an oscillating control surface
Transonic steady and unsteady aerodynamic data were measured on a large elastic wing in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. The wing had a supercritical airfoil shape and a leading-edge sweepback of 28.8 deg. The wing was heavily instrumented to measure both static and dynamic pressures and deflections. A hydraulically driven outboard control surface was oscillated to generate unsteady airloads on the wing. Representative results from the wind tunnel tests are presented and discussed, and the unexpected occurrence of an unusual dynamic wing instability, which was sensitive to angle of attack, is reported
Analyses of chlorogenic acids and related cinnamic acid derivatives from Nicotiana tabacumtissues with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based on the in-source collision-induced dissociation method
CMU-Penn T-SET UTC Researcher Creates Smarter Parking in Pittsburgh
The Technologies for Safe and Efficient Transportation (T-SET) UTC, a partnership between Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and the University of Pennsylvania, is working to increase both efficiency and safety in transportation using advanced intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies. One of T-SET's recent award-winning collaborations is the ParkPGH project\u2014a smart parking system that uses historical parking and event data to show the availability of parking in eight parking facilities operated by private (Alco Parking) and public (Pittsburgh Parking Authority) partners within the Pittsburgh cultural district
FERSC Data Management Plan
FERSC is a Tier 1 University Transportation Center consortium led by the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Its focus is the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA)\u2019s research priority, Improving Mobility of People and Goods as its primary area. The consortium supports the DOT Strategic Goals of Economic Strength and Global Competitiveness as the primary focus and Equity and Transformation as the secondaries
Overlapping Community Discovery Methods: A Survey
The detection of overlapping communities is a challenging problem which is
gaining increasing interest in recent years because of the natural attitude of
individuals, observed in real-world networks, to participate in multiple groups
at the same time. This review gives a description of the main proposals in the
field. Besides the methods designed for static networks, some new approaches
that deal with the detection of overlapping communities in networks that change
over time, are described. Methods are classified with respect to the underlying
principles guiding them to obtain a network division in groups sharing part of
their nodes. For each of them we also report, when available, computational
complexity and web site address from which it is possible to download the
software implementing the method.Comment: 20 pages, Book Chapter, appears as Social networks: Analysis and Case
Studies, A. Gunduz-Oguducu and A. S. Etaner-Uyar eds, Lecture Notes in Social
Networks, pp. 105-125, Springer,201
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