Procedimiento de preparación, conservación, y uso en peces, del probiótico SHEWANELLA PUTREFACIENS PDP 11 para el control de enfermedades y la mejora en el crecimiento

Número de solicitud 201100385Procedimiento de preparación, conservación, y uso en peces, del probiótico Shewanella putresfaciens Pdp11 para el control de enfermedades y la mejora en el crecimiento. Preferentemente, el probiótico, compuesto por células enteras de la cepa Pdp11, se cultiva en TSAs durante 24 h a 22ºC. La preparación de una suspensión del probiótico, preferentemente sin proceso previo de liofilización o de inactivación física o química, se realiza mediante su incorporación en una matriz de alginato, preferentemente alginato sádico al 0,5%. La suspensión preparada se puede conservar sin pérdida significativa de viabilidad durante 20 - 30 días a 4ºC. Los productos alimenticios para peces son preparados mediante la adición en agitación de la suspensión de probiótico y, adicionalmente, CaCl2 50 mM, preferentemente mediante atomización.Universidad de Málaga (50%). Universidad de Almería (50%

In vitro and in vivo effects of ulvan polysaccharides from Ulva rigida

One of the main bioactive compounds of interest from the Ulva species is the sulfated polysaccharide ulvan, which has recently attracted attention for its anticancer properties. This study investigated the cytotoxic activity of ulvan polysaccharides obtained from Ulva rigida in the following scenarios: (i) in vitro against healthy and carcinogenic cell lines (1064sk (human fibroblasts), HACAT (immortalized human keratinocytes), U-937 (a human leukemia cell line), G-361 (a human malignant melanoma), and HCT-116 (a colon cancer cell line)) and (ii) in vivo against zebrafish embryos. Ulvan exhibited cytotoxic effects on the three human cancer cell lines tested. However, only HCT-116 demonstrated sufficient sensitivity to this ulvan to make it relevant as a potential anticancer treatment, presenting an LC50 of 0.1 mg mL−1. The in vivo assay on the zebrafish embryos showed a linear relationship between the polysaccharide concentration and growth retardation at 7.8 hpf mL mg−1, with an LC50 of about 5.2 mg mL−1 at 48 hpf. At concentrations near the LC50, toxic effects, such as pericardial edema or chorion lysis, could be found in the experimental larvae. Our in vitro study supports the potential use of polysaccharides extracted from U. rigida as candidates for treating human colon cancer. However, the in vivo assay on zebrafish indicated that the potential use of ulvan as a promising, safe compound should be limited to specific concentrations below 0.001 mg mL−1 since it revealed side effects on the embryonic growth rate and osmolar balance.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Cundinamarca, Caquetá y Santander

En el presente documento se encuentra expuesto el desarrollo de las actividades propuestas en el diplomado de acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, las cuales se pudieron realizar aplicando cada una de las técnicas para un aprendizaje significativo en los escenarios de violencia, una de las actividades evidencia el uso de la técnica fotovoz, donde a través de la imagen y la narrativa en la acción psicosocial permite la identificación de un contexto cercano a la cotidianidad que se encuentre relacionado con actos violentos, de esta manera cada uno de los autores reconocen esta técnica como una intervención psicosocial que contribuye a la reconstrucción del tejido social y el fortalecimiento individual y colectivo, donde se lleva a cabo un acercamiento con la comunidad o el escenario elegido, identificando algunos ambientes que se encuentren en relación de manera directa o indirecta con la problemática que se pretende exponer en esta actividad . Por otra parte, se abordan diferentes relatos de violencia y esperanza expuestos en el diplomado, con la finalidad de generar reflexión y ampliar una visión más realista de los diferentes sucesos marcados por violencia que se vive en nuestro país y que muchos de estos relatos son desconocidos pero a través del desarrollo de esta actividad permite tener acceso y facilidad de estudiarlos para reconocerlos como una oportunidad de fortalecimiento en habilidades de creatividad para la construcción de estrategias de acción psicosocial que contribuyan en los procesos de afrontamiento a las crisis ocasionadas por el conflicto armado en Colombia.In this document is exposed the development of the activities proposed in the diploma of psychosocial accompaniment in scenarios of violence, which could be carried out by applying each of the techniques for a significant learning in the scenarios of violence, one of the activities evidences the use of the photovoice technique, where through the image and narrative in psychosocial action allows the identification of a context close to everyday life that is related to violent acts, in this way each of the authors recognize this technique as a psychosocial intervention that contributes to the reconstruction of the social fabric and individual and collective strengthening, where an approach is carried out with the community or the chosen scenario, identifying some environments that are in direct or indirect relation to the problems that are intended to be exposed in this activity. On the other hand, different stories of violence and hope exposed in the diploma are addressed, in order to generate reflection and expand a more realistic vision of the different events marked by violence that is lived in our country and that many of these stories are unknown but through the development of this activity allows access and ease of studying them to recognize them as an opportunity to strengthen creativity skills for the construction of psychosocial action strategies that contribute to the processes of coping with the crises caused by the armed conflict in Colombia

Cultivated and Wild Juvenile Thick-Lipped Grey Mullet, Chelon labrosus: A Comparison from a Nutritional Point of View

The thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) is a nominee fish species for aquaculture diversification in Spain because it is an omnivore and euryhaline species, but limited knowledge about the nutritional attributes of this species is available. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of wild and cultured fish. The muscle proximate composition, and fatty acid and amino acid profiles were assessed. The cultivated specimens showed a higher lipid content and lower protein and ash contents compared with the wild specimens. The predominant tissue fatty acids in both the wild and cultivated fish were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). A higher content of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and DHA were detected in the muscle of wild mullets, while the fish supplied with commercial pellets showed higher quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids, and lower quantities of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Regarding PUFAs, n-3 fatty acids were predominant in wild mullets, while n-6 and n-9 were more abundant in farmed fish. In terms of amino acid composition, except for histidine in wild specimens, the amino acid amounts were higher than the FAO/WHO standard. In conclusion, C. labrosus may contribute to improving the dietary intake of highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, with a benefit to human health, owing to that fact that a 100-g fillet portion of cultivated and wild C. labrosus can provide 770 mg and 1160 mg of EPA and DHA, respectively, which exceeds the 250 mg dietary daily intake recommended by the FAO/WHO

TarSynFlow, a workflow for bacterial genome comparisons that revealed genes putatively involved in the probiotic character of Shewanella putrefaciens strain Pdp11

Probiotic microorganisms are of great interest in clinical, livestock and aquaculture. Knowledge of the genomic basis of probiotic characteristics can be a useful tool to understand why some strains can be pathogenic while others are probiotic in the same species. An automatized workflow called TarSynFlow (Targeted Synteny Workflow) has been then developed to compare finished or draft bacterial genomes based on a set of proteins. When used to analyze the finished genome of the probiotic strain Pdp11 of Shewanella putrefaciens and genome drafts from seven known non-probiotic strains of the same species obtained in this work, 15 genes were found exclusive of Pdp11. Their presence was confirmed by PCR using Pdp11-specific primers. Functional inspection of the 15 genes allowed us to hypothesize that Pdp11 underwent genome rearrangements spurred by plasmids and mobile elements. As a result, Pdp11 presents specific proteins for gut colonization, bile salt resistance and gut pathogen adhesion inhibition, which can explain some probiotic features of Pdp11

COVID-19 vaccine failure

COVID-19 affects the population unequally with a higher impact on aged and immunosuppressed people. Hence, we assessed the effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immune compromised patients (older adults and oncohematologic patients), compared with healthy counterparts. While the acquired humoral and cellular memory did not predict subsequent infection 18 months after full immunization, spectral and computational cytometry revealed several subsets within the CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, monocytes and CD45RA+ CCR7- Tγδ cells differentially expressed in further infected and non-infected individuals not just following immunization, but also prior to that. Of note, up to 7 subsets were found within the CD45RA+ CCR7- Tγδ population with some of them being expanded and other decreased in subsequently infected individuals. Moreover, some of these subsets also predicted COVID-induced hospitalization in oncohematologic patients. Therefore, we hereby have identified several cellular subsets that, even before vaccination, strongly related to COVID-19 vulnerability as opposed to the acquisition of cellular and/or humoral memory following vaccination with SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines.This study has been funded through Programa Estratégico Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM Junta de Castilla y León. Ref. CCVC8485), Junta de Castilla y León (Proyectos COVID 07.04.467B04.74011.0) and the European Commission – NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global; SGL21-03-026 and SGL2021-03-038)N

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Virulence factors of

Several virulence factors involved in the potential pathogenic capacity of Vibrio P1, the causative agent of brown ring disease (BRD) affecting cultured Manila clam adults (Ruditapes philippinarum), have been evaluated in comparison with other strains of several Vibrio species isolated from diseased clams. The importance of bacterial cell surface associated properties as virulence factors has been studied considering both non-specific and specific bacterial adhesion to clams. Vibrio P1 showed moderate hydrophobicity, but high affinity to bind to Congo Red dye and the presence of appendages, characterized as fimbriae or pili. All the strains of Vibrio P1 secreted haemolysis and cytotoxins, and were also strong exotoxin producers. The presence of a large 49.2-MDa plasmid in all the strains of Vibrio P1 may be used as an epidemiological marker, but its involvement in pathogenic mechanisms has not yet been established. Although in some Vibrio strains, iron-acquisition systems play an essential role in their pathogenicity, they do not seem to be an important factor in Vibrio P1, since this pathogen lacks siderophore-mediated iron transport mechanisms