Authoritarianism and hope: sewing threads between Paulo Freire and José Cardoso Pires

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el trabajo pedagógico desarrollado en la ludoteca de un Espacio de Acogida vinculado a un hospital, que atiende a niños que son víctimas del acidente con perdida del cuero cabelludo, en el estado del Pará, en el período de 2018-2019, con un enfoque en el lúdico. Las preguntas orientadoras del estúdio son: ¿ Por qué jugar en el ambiente hospitalario? ¿A qué contribuye jugar a la formación de los niños en el ambiente hospitalario? Se trata de una acción pedagógica desarrollada por un núcleo de educación universitária popular, cuyo referente es Paulo Freire. Para compreender el desempeño pedagógico en la ludoteca, se llevó a cabo investigación bibliográfica, observación en loco, análisis de lãs prácticas desarrolladas y conversaciones informales com profesionales y usuários del espacio. Se concluye que el juego como actividad lúdica, permite subvertir y hacer aflorar los sentimientos presentes em la vida de los niños e permite superar el dolor, la angustia y los miedos que genera la enfermedad y la hospitalización prolongada de los niños em tratamiento de salud.This article objectifies analyzing the pedagogical work developed in the toy library of a welcoming space linked to a hospital, which attend children victims of scalping accident in Pará State, in the period of 2018-2019, focusing on the ludicity. The guiding questions of the studying are: why to play in the hospital environment? How does playing contribute to the training of children in the hospital environment? It treats of Pedagogical action developed by a group of popular university education whose reference is Paulo Freire. To comprehend the pedagogical acting in the toy library, it carried out bibliographic research, observation in loco, analyzing of developed practices and informal conversations with the professionals and space users. It concludes that playing as ludic activity possibilities subverting and outcropping feelings presents in the children’s life and making the pain overcoming of anguish and fear generated by the disease and prolonged hospitalization of children in health treatment.O presente artigo analisa o romance - O Delfim – do escritor português, José Cardoso Pires, a partir de Paulo Freire, considerando os conceitos: autoritarismo, esperança, situação-limite e inédito-viável. O cruzamento entre literatura, filosofia e educação tem possibilitado uma maior compreensão das relações sociais e conflitivas da sociedade, ampliando assim, o espectro de análise e de reflexões. No romance analisado, os moradores de Gafeira - aldeia ficcional em que a história é ambientada - vivem em um estado inerte, sonolento, de tempo imóvel e, até mesmo, opressivo. A ocorrência de um crime, muda os rumos da história e altera a ordem das relações sociais. Estabelecendo uma metáfora com a lagartixa, o escritor/narrador mostra a impermanência daquilo que parecia consolidado, ou seja, as relações de poder estabelecidas entre a aristocracia e o campesinato se desfazem. Operando com as categorias freirianas: consciência ingênua, opressor/oprimido, e com diversos aspectos abordados no romance, evidencia-se que a organização coletiva e a conscientização dos “desocupados” permitem a superação da condição de oprimidos. A criação da Cooperativa dos Noventa e Oito, é exemplo um concreto disso. O texto demonstra que as obras de Pires e Freire, mesmo com linguagens distintas, experiências diferentes e realidades distantes, elucidam formas de opressão e estruturas de poder, desvelam as máculas, as violências e os abusos por parte das elites. &nbsp

Brasil e Uruguai: influências e aproximações no campo intelectual educacional = Brazil and Uruguay: influences and approximations in the education intellectual field = Brasil y Uruguay: influencias y aproximaciones en el campo intelectual educacional

No Brasil, nos anos finais do século XIX, como nas primeiras décadas do XX, é possível evidenciar aproximações com os modelos internacionais nos mais diversos campos: econômico, social, político, cultural, educacional. Considerando que muitos intelectuais de Pelotas tiveram um papel ativo na divulgação de um ideário educacional na cidade, tem-se como objetivo neste texto discutir os itinerários de formação desses intelectuais, as redes de sociabilidades que engendraram suas projeções, bem como a influência que receberam de autores uruguaios. Cabe salientar que, pautados no campo da história da educação, compreende-se como intelectual o sujeito que das mais variadas formas preocupava-se em divulgar, discutir e propor projetos educacionais, seja por meio de redes de sociabilidades, seja por conferências, cursos, artigos jornalísticos. Para tanto, foram pesquisados elementos das trajetórias desses intelectuais a partir do acesso de diversos exemplares que compunham seus acervo

Vidas Negras Importam! Um estudo sobre os indicadores sociais da mortalidade materna de mulheres negras na Paraíba

O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral refletir sobre a Politica Nacional de Atenção Integral a Saúde da População Negra como ferramenta para enfrentamento das iniquidades raciais no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Assim, levantou-se um questionamento: Como se apresentam os indicadores de mortalidade materna com recorte de cor? Para tanto, fizemos um levantamento dos óbitos com recorte de cor, escolaridade, estado civil, idade e causa de morte por Código de Identificação da Doença (CID) capitulo IV (doenças endócrinas e nutricionais) no Estado da Paraíba durante o período de 2003 a 2013.

Translation and validation of the Brazilian version of the Dentist Satisfaction Survey

Objetivos: avaliar o nível de satisfação geral com o trabalho de um grupo de dentistas brasileiros e testar a validade de uma tradução transcultural para o português do Brasil da versão modificada do Dentist Satisfaction Survey (DSS). Métodos: Participaram deste estudo transversal 605 dentistas que prestavam à época serviços públicos de atendimento odontológico em São Paulo, SP, Brasil. A satisfação no trabalho foi medida por meio de uma versão modificada do DSS, que é baseado em respostas a 29 itens de um questionário auto-administrado, usando a escala de Likert de 5 pontos. Os itens foram traduzidos para o Português, retraduzidos e comparados com os itens da versão original. Foram calculadas as medidas de consistência interna e validade externa, respectivamente, por meio do coefi ciente de Cronbach e do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: O nível de satisfação geral com o trabalho foi de 2,86 (± 0,20) em 5 na escala de Likert. O α de Cronbach (0,83) mostrou uma boa consistência interna e homogeneidade entre os itens. As correlações de confiabilidade entre item e escala foram boas. Conclusão: O nível de satisfação geral com o trabalho foi neutro. Outras ações e políticas foram desenvolvidas para aumentar o nível de satisfação com o trabalho entre os dentistas brasileiros que trabalham no setor público. A versão em português do DSS modificado apresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias quanto à sua confiabilidade, reprodutibilidade e validade para o Brasil.Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the level of overall job satisfaction among a group of Brazilian dentists and to test the validity of a cross-cultural translation to Brazilian Portuguese of the modifi ed version of the Dentist Satisfaction Survey (DSS). Methods: This cross-sectional study had the participation of 605 dentists practicing in public dental care services in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Job satisfaction was measured by a modifi ed version of the DSS, which is based on responses to a 29-item self-administrated questionnaire, using a 5-point Likert scale. The items were translated into Brazilian Portuguese, back-translated and compared with the original English version. Measures for internal consistency and concurrent validity were calculated, respectively, by Cronbach’s α coeffi cient and Spearman’s correlation coeffi cient. Results: The level of overall job satisfaction among the sample was 2.86 (± 0.20) out of 5 on the Likert scale. Cronbach’s α (0.83) showed a good internal consistency and homogeneity between items. Item-scale reliability correlations were good. Conclusion: The level of overall job satisfaction was neutral. Further actions and policies have been developed to increase the level of job satisfaction among Brazilian dentists working in the public sector. The Portuguese version of the modifi ed DSS showed satisfactory psychometric properties regarding its reliability, reproducibility and validity for the Brazilian culture

Changes in Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Body Composition in Pregnant Mares

Background: Mares are very different from other species during pregnancy, and studies on the physiological changes of this period are important. During late pregnancy, the distribution of weight and body fat are often used as indicators of adequate nutrition. This is a physiological period that results in an increase in metabolic demand. There is a tendency for the Criollo breed to have a higher body condition score that becomes more evident during pregnancy, a period when mares tend to gain more weight. The current study monitored serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in pregnant mares during late gestation to determine a possible correlation with the distribution of fat or body weight.Materials, Methods & Results: Four body parameters of thirty-four Criollo-type mares in late gestation were evaluated: body weight measured with a weight scale, body weight using a commercial weight tape, total body fat and fat thickness and the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. The fat thickness was measured in an ultrasound device and the prediction of total body fat was calculated using an equation. According to the days prior foaling, biometric monitoring and blood collection were carried out in five periods: F-90 (± 90 days prior to foaling) n = 33; F-60 (± 60 days prior to foaling) n = 33; F-30 (± 30 days prior to foaling) n = 31; F-15 (± 15 days prior to foaling) n = 29 and Foaling (at day of foaling) n = 14. Mares were monitored daily and accompanied foaling was also performed, ensuring collection at the right time. Comparisons of means were performed between variables in addition to the Pearson correlation test. Statistical significance was established at P 0.05). A strong positive correlation was observed between the average weights (P 0.068). There was a strong positive correlation between weights (P 0.191). There was also no correlation with the body composition (P > 0.068).Discussion: The absence of difference between the periods in relation to the weight measures and the correlations existing in these measures is related to the period in which they were collected, since the maximum relative weight of the foal is reached in ten months, causing the mare's weight stability. Interestingly, an unexplained increase in total cholesterol levels was found on the day of foaling. As the same change in triglycerides was not observed and there was no change in the diet or feeding behavior of the mares, the effects of the diet can be excluded in this case, which requires further studies to explain this result. Our hypothesis is that this increase is linked to hormones that tend to change in this pre-delivery period and that have their metabolism strongly linked to cholesterol levels. Levels of body fat and mare weight can therefore be correlated in the late gestation, allowing for their use as indicators of adequate nutritional and energy reserves

Factors related to positive and negative outcomes in psychiatric inpatients in a General Hospital Psychiatric Unit: a proposal for an outcomes index

Background General Hospital Psychiatric Units have a fundamental importance in the mental health care systems. However, there is a lack of studies regarding the level of improvement of patients in this type of facility. Objective To assess factors related to good and poor outcomes in psychiatric inpatients using an index composed by clinical parameters easily measured. Methods Length of stay (LOS), Global Assessment of Functioning (variation and at discharge) and Clinical Global Impression (severity and improvement) were used to build a ten-point improvement index (I-Index). Records of psychiatric inpatients of a general hospital during an 18-month period were analyzed. Three groups (poor, intermediate and good outcomes) were compared by univariate and multivariate models according to clinical and sociodemographic variables. Results Two hundred and fifty patients were included, with a percentage in the groups with poor, regular and good outcomes of 16.4%, 59,6% and 24.0% respectively. Poor outcome at the discharge was associated mainly with lower education, transient disability, antipsychotics use, chief complaint “behavioral change/aggressiveness” and psychotic features. Multivariate analysis found a higher OR for diagnoses of “psychotic disorders” and “personality disorders” and others variables in relation to protective categories in the poor outcome group compared to the good outcome group. Discussion Our I-Index proved to be an indicator of that allows an easy and more comprehensive evaluation to assess outcomes of inpatients than just LOS. Different interventions addressed to conditions such as psychotic disorders and disruptive chief complaints are necessary

Molecular Characterization Of Intestinal Protozoa In Two Poor Communities In The State Of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Background: Several species of protozoa cause acute or chronic gastroenteritis in humans, worldwide. The burden of disease is particularly high among children living in developing areas of the world, where transmission is favored by lower hygienic standards and scarce availability of safe water. However, asymptomatic infection and polyparasitism are also commonly observed in poor settings. Here, we investigated the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in two small fishing villages, Porto Said (PS) and Santa Maria da Serra (SM), situated along the river Tiete in the State of Sao Paolo, Brazil. The villages lack basic public infrastructure and services, such as roads, public water supply, electricity and public health services. Methods: Multiple fecal samples were collected from 88 individuals in PS and from 38 individuals in SM, who were asymptomatic at the time of sampling and had no recent history of diarrheal disease. To gain insights into potential transmission routes, 49 dog fecal samples (38 from PS and 11 from SM) and 28 river water samples were also collected. All samples were tested by microscopy and PCR was used to genotype Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., Dientamoeba fragilis and Cryptosporidium spp. Results: By molecular methods, the most common human parasite was Blastocystis sp. (prevalence, 45% in PS and 71% in SM), followed by D. fragilis (13.6% in PS, and 18.4% in SM) and G. duodenalis (18.2% in PS and 7.9% in SM); Cryptosporidium spp. were not detected. Sequence analysis revealed large genetic variation among Blastocystis samples, with subtypes (STs) 1 and 3 being predominant, and with the notable absence of ST4. Among G. duodenalis samples, assemblages A and B were detected in humans, whereas assemblages A, C and D were found in dogs. Finally, all D. fragilis samples from humans were genotype 1. A single dog was found infected with Cryptosporidium canis. River water samples were negative for the investigated parasites. Conclusions: This study showed a high carriage of intestinal parasites in asymptomatic individuals from two poor Brazilian villages, and highlighted a large genetic variability of Blastocystis spp. and G. duodenalis.8Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPESP [2011/52100-3

Psicologia, assistência e educação dos excepcionais em jornais de Barbacena (1962-1978)

This documental research describes the relationship between Psychology and Education in the Associação Barbacenense de Assistência aos Excepcionais between 1962 and 1978 based on local newspapers. The documents describe the administrative-financial organization and the day-to-day activities of the entity. The institution aimed to provide medical, psychological and pedagogical assistance to exceptional people in Barbacena and region. The directory board kept in touch with Brazilian and foreign specialists and institutions. In the association, Psychology was understood as a useful science to promote adjustment and integration of the exceptional, when applied with diagnostic, therapeutic and orientational-formative purposes. This paper contributes to the historiographical production about Brazilian Psychology.Esta investigación documental describe la relación entre Psicología y Educación en la Associação Barbacenense de Assistência aos Excepcionais entre 1962 y 1978 a partir de periódicos locales. Los documentos caracterizan la organización administrativo-financiera y las actividades cotidianas de la entidad. La asociación tenía como objetivo ofrecer asistencia médica, psicológica y pedagógica a excepcionales de Barbacena y de sus alrededores. El directorio mantenía contacto con especialistas e instituciones brasileñas y extranjeras. En ella, la Psicología fue entendida como una ciencia útil para promover el ajuste e integración de las personas excepcionales, cuando se aplica con fines diagnósticos, terapéuticos y orientativo-formativos. Este artículo contribuye con la producción historiográfica sobre la Psicología brasileña.Esta pesquisa documental descreve as relações entre Psicologia e Educação naAssociação Barbacenense de Assistência aos Excepcionais, entre 1962 e 1978, a partir dejornais locais. Os documentos caracterizam a organização administrativo-financeira e asatividades cotidianas da entidade. A associação objetivava prestar assistência médica,psicológica e pedagógica para pessoas excepcionais de Barbacena e região. Sua diretoriamantinha contato com especialistas e instituições brasileiras e estrangeiras. Nela, a Psicologia era entendida como uma ciência útil para promover ajustamento e integraçãodo excepcional, quando aplicada com finalidade diagnóstica, terapêutica eorientativo-formativa. Este artigo contribui com a produção historiográfica acerca daPsicologia brasileira

Reversible Techniques of Ruffian in Sheep (Ovis aires)

Background: The use of teaser rams is an essential practice for detecting estrus in ewes as well as for accelerating puberty and synchronizing ovulation in the animal. There are several methods for preparing teasers, and the method used should be based on an assessment of the producer’s requirements. The ideal technique should be low cost and safe, ensuring the non-fertilization of ewes. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of two reversible teaser preparation techniques using a reversible plastic clamp. The techniques were compared in terms of functionality, possible post-surgical complications, and hematological changes of the rams as well as durability and reversibility.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve healthy rams, aged 14-20 months, were divided into two groups (G1 and G2). Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein to perform the following analyses: blood count, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen. Following local infiltrative anesthesia with 5.0 mL 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor, the procedure was performed as follows: in G1, the preputial ostium was partially closed, and in G2, sigmoid flexure was performed in the cranial region, approximately 5-8 cm immediately caudal to the scrotal sac. In the postoperative period, 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and 2.2 mg/kg flunixinmeglumine were intramuscularly administered as a single dose. The wounds were dressed, sprayed with repellent, and allowed to heal for seven days. The procedures in both groups were simple to perform, low cost, and low risk; caused minimal tissue injury; enabled rapid recovery; promoted little or no stress to the animals; are reversible; and left no complications. The animals of both groups satisfactorily identified the females in estrus during the three-month experimental period, maintained libido, and failed to mate with any female. The blood count levels remained within normal range in both groups evaluated at different time intervals. Hyperfibrinogenemia was observed in four animals of G1 and in three animals of G2 at T2, with a mean level of 600 mg/dL. However, the values returned to normal at T3 in both G1 and G2, when the mean observed fibrinogen level was 400 mg/dL.Discussion: Since these are simple, rapid procedures with low tissue injury and a simple anesthetic protocol, the animals showed rapid recovery, without intra or postoperative complications, enabling the immediate initiation of work. The techniques, therefore, demonstrate several advantages over the other techniques described above. It is estimated that the techniques used in this study are more economically viable than other techniques described in the literature, which require medium to high complexity procedures and long postoperative treatments and carry the risk of affecting the animal’s libido, making the animal unviable and more liable to be disposed. However, disposing of such animals represents great losses, as it interferes with the reproductive management and pregnancy of several females on the farm. In addition, the conventional techniques are irreversible, which means that these animals cannot be used for other purposes. The reversible techniques presented in this study allowed the teasers to successfully identify females in heat without mating with them because there was no exteriorization of the penis. The results of the blood count confirm that the procedures did not generate extensive tissue lesions, stress, pain, inflammation, or infection