Obesity of normal weight and abdominal obesity in physical exercise practitioners: "fake lean"?

ABSTRACT Obesity of normal weight and abdominal obesity in physical exercise practitioners: "fake lean"?Introduction: Although body mass index (BMI) eutrophy is desirable for decreasing cardiovascular and metabolic risk, recent research has attributed high risk in BMI eutrophic subjects, but with a high percentage of body fat (normal weight obesity) and abdominal obesity. Aim: to analyze the prevalence of normal weight obesity (NWO) and abdominal obesity (AO) in BMI eutrophic. Materials and methods: 204 volunteers (52.26 ± 14.18 years), 168 women (52.02 ± 14.27 years) and 36 men (53.39 ± 13.90) physical exercise practitioners underwent the following procedures divided in 3 phases: 1) all sample were initially submitted to BMI, percentage of body fat (%BF) and waist-height ratio (WHR) measurements; 2) only the BMI eutrophic subjects (n=83) were evaluated separately to identify the NWO and AO prevalence; 3) In the BMI eutrophic subjects, men and women over 61 and 55 years old, respectively, were excluded, and NWO and AO were repeated in the remaining subjects (n=52). Results: In the general sample, %BF was lower in men than women (18.61 ± 6.05 vs. 28.78 ± 5.24). For age, WHR and BMI, the statistical analysis showed no significant difference. In the BMI eutrophic subjects (N=83), 14.9% of the women presented NWO, representing 13.3% of the total. No man presented NWO. In this same sample, 44.4% of the men and 24.3% of the women had WHR over the optimal, representing 26.5% of the eutrophic subjects. Excluding the eutrophic subjects over 61 (men) and 55 years old (women) (N=52), 14.9% of the women presented NWO, representing 13.5% of the total. Conclusion: In BMI eutrophic subjects, 13 and 26% of the subjects presented NWO and AO, respectively. NWO was observed exclusively in women, whereas AO was more present in men.Introdução: Embora a eutrofia no índice de massa corporal (IMC) seja desejável para diminuição do risco cardiometabólico, pesquisas recentes têm atribuído risco elevado em sujeitos eutróficos no IMC, porém como elevado percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) (obesidade do peso normal) e obesidade abdominal (OA). Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de obesidade do peso normal (OPN) e OA em sujeitos eutróficos no IMC. Materiais e métodos: 204 voluntários (52,26 ± 14,18 anos), sendo 168 mulheres (52,02 ± 14,27 anos) e 36 homens (53,39 ± 13,90) praticantes de exercício físico participaram do estudo, que foi realizado em 3 fases: 1) toda amostra foi inicialmente submetida às avaliações de IMC, %GC e relação cintura-estatura (RCE); 2) somente os sujeitos eutróficos no IMC (n=83) foram avaliados separadamente para identificação da prevalência de OPN e OA; 3) dos sujeitos eutróficos, foram excluídos homens e mulheres com idade acima de 61 e 55 anos, respectivamente, e repetidas as análises de OPN e OA nos sujeitos restantes (n=52). Resultados: Na amostra geral, o %GC foi menor nos homens em relação às mulheres (18,61 ± 6,05 vs. 28,78 ± 5,24). Para idade, RCE e IMC, a análise estatística não revelou diferença significativa entre sexos. Nos sujeitos eutróficos (n=83), 14,9% das mulheres apresentaram OPN, representando 13,3% do total. Nenhum homem apresentou esse quadro. Nesse mesmo recorte amostral, 44,4% dos homens e 24,3% das mulheres apresentaram RCE acima do ideal, representando 26,5% dos eutróficos. Excluindo-se os sujeitos eutróficos acima de 61 (homens) e 55 anos (mulheres) (n=52), 14,9% das mulheres apresentaram OPN, representando 13,5% do total. Conclusão: Em sujeitos eutróficos no IMC, 13 e 26% da amostra apresentaram OPN e OA, respectivamente. A OPN foi observada exclusivamente em mulheres, enquanto a OA foi mais presente em homens.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Lab Interdisciplinar Doencas Metabol, Grp Estudos Obesidade, Santos, SP, BrazilFac Praia Grande, Fac Educ Fis, Praia Grande, SP, BrazilPrefeitura Municipal Santos, Secretaria Esportes, Secao Avaliacao Fis, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Santa Cecilia, Fac Educ Fis & Esportes, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Lab Interdisciplinar Doencas Metabol, Grp Estudos Obesidade, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Obesidade do peso normal e obesidade abdominal em praticantes de exercício físico: os "falsos magros" existem?

Introdução: Embora a eutrofia no índice de massa corporal (IMC) seja desejável para diminuição do risco cardiometabólico, pesquisas recentes têm atribuído risco elevado em sujeitos eutróficos no IMC, porém como elevado percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) (obesidade do peso normal) e obesidade abdominal (OA). Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de obesidade do peso normal (OPN) e OA em sujeitos eutróficos no IMC. Materiais e métodos: 204 voluntários (52,26 ± 14,18 anos), sendo 168 mulheres (52,02 ± 14,27 anos) e 36 homens (53,39 ± 13,90) praticantes de exercício físico participaram do estudo, que foi realizado em 3 fases: 1) toda amostra foi inicialmente submetida às avaliações de IMC, %GC e relação cintura-estatura (RCE); 2) somente os sujeitos eutróficos no IMC (n=83) foram avaliados separadamente para identificação da prevalência de OPN e OA; 3) dos sujeitos eutróficos, foram excluídos homens e mulheres com idade acima de 61 e 55 anos, respectivamente, e repetidas as análises de OPN e OA nos sujeitos restantes (n=52). Resultados: Na amostra geral, o %GC foi menor nos homens em relação às mulheres (18,61 ± 6,05 vs. 28,78 ± 5,24). Para idade, RCE e IMC, a análise estatística não revelou diferença significativa entre sexos. Nos sujeitos eutróficos (n=83), 14,9% das mulheres apresentaram OPN, representando 13,3% do total. Nenhum homem apresentou esse quadro. Nesse mesmo recorte amostral, 44,4% dos homens e 24,3% das mulheres apresentaram RCE acima do ideal, representando 26,5% dos eutróficos. Excluindo-se os sujeitos eutróficos acima de 61 (homens) e 55 anos (mulheres) (n=52), 14,9% das mulheres apresentaram OPN, representando 13,5% do total. Conclusão: Em sujeitos eutróficos no IMC, 13 e 26% da amostra apresentaram OPN e OA, respectivamente. A OPN foi observada exclusivamente em mulheres, enquanto a OA foi mais presente em homens. ABSTRACT Obesity of normal weight and abdominal obesity in physical exercise practitioners: "fake lean"?Introduction: Although body mass index (BMI) eutrophy is desirable for decreasing cardiovascular and metabolic risk, recent research has attributed high risk in BMI eutrophic subjects, but with a high percentage of body fat (normal weight obesity) and abdominal obesity. Aim: to analyze the prevalence of normal weight obesity (NWO) and abdominal obesity (AO) in BMI eutrophic. Materials and methods: 204 volunteers (52.26 ± 14.18 years), 168 women (52.02 ± 14.27 years) and 36 men (53.39 ± 13.90) physical exercise practitioners underwent the following procedures divided in 3 phases: 1) all sample were initially submitted to BMI, percentage of body fat (%BF) and waist-height ratio (WHR) measurements; 2) only the BMI eutrophic subjects (n=83) were evaluated separately to identify the NWO and AO prevalence; 3) In the BMI eutrophic subjects, men and women over 61 and 55 years old, respectively, were excluded, and NWO and AO were repeated in the remaining subjects (n=52). Results: In the general sample, %BF was lower in men than women (18.61 ± 6.05 vs. 28.78 ± 5.24). For age, WHR and BMI, the statistical analysis showed no significant difference. In the BMI eutrophic subjects (N=83), 14.9% of the women presented NWO, representing 13.3% of the total. No man presented NWO. In this same sample, 44.4% of the men and 24.3% of the women had WHR over the optimal, representing 26.5% of the eutrophic subjects. Excluding the eutrophic subjects over 61 (men) and 55 years old (women) (N=52), 14.9% of the women presented NWO, representing 13.5% of the total. Conclusion: In BMI eutrophic subjects, 13 and 26% of the subjects presented NWO and AO, respectively. NWO was observed exclusively in women, whereas AO was more present in men

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data