Use of Antioxidant Substances in Intestinal Anastomosis in Rats

Introduction: Intestinal anastomosis consist of surgical procedures which there is an anastomotic line between two intestinal segments in order to reconstruct or divert the digestive transit. However, several complications may result from this surgical procedure. Objective: Present, describe and discuss the findings of the literature regarding substances capable of reducing injury and possible complications of intestinal anastomoses. Method: The data were collected by literature review using the descriptors: "intestinal anastomoses", "antioxidants"; and as basis articles published in the published Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo), Lilacs, MedLine and Pubmed databases. Inclusion criteria were original and review articles published in full in the online form in the Portuguese, Spanish and English languages, using the descriptors mentioned above in the respective languages. Results: Scientific articles were collected, in which 38 papers were included in the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The major parts of substances described in the present study demonstrated be statistically relevant results and the capacity to optimize the anastomotic healing

Impacto dos inibidores de SGLT2 na qualidade de vida em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca: revisão sistemática

A insuficiência cardíaca é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade global, afetando cerca de 2 milhões de pessoas no Brasil anualmente. Os inibidores de SGLT2 surgem como uma opção terapêutica promissora para essa condição, devido à sua eficácia e capacidade de reduzir eventos adversos. Esta revisão sistemática com meta-análise investigou a eficácia desses medicamentos na qualidade de vida de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, independentemente da presença de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ou fração de ejeção. O objetivo foi avaliar o impacto dos inibidores de SGLT2, considerando sua relevância emergente no tratamento da condição. Seguindo o protocolo PRISMA 2020, foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2019 e 2024 no PubMed, com texto completo gratuito, usando os descritores 'SGLT2 inhibitors', 'heart failure' e 'hospitalization' no DeCS, com o operador booleano 'AND'. Dos 21.677 participantes, 10.840 (≅ 50,01%) receberam inibidores de SGLT2, resultando 1.444 eventos adversos (≅ 13,32%). No grupo placebo, com 10.837 participantes (≅ 49,99%), ocorreram 1.939 casos de desfechos (≅ 17,89%). A análise de risco relativo mostrou uma redução significativa nos eventos adversos no grupo de intervenção (RR: 0,74, IC 95% 0,70-0,79, p<0,01). Conclui-se que os inibidores de SGLT2 podem beneficiar pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, independentemente da presença de diabetes ou fração de ejeção

Implementation of a low-cost single-family sewage treatment system utilizing end-of-life tires: a sustainable approach

O saneamento básico é crucial para uma vida saudável e sustentável, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento, onde o esgotamento sanitário e o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, como os pneus inservíveis, são desafios. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de pesquisa de natureza aplicada, com a implantação inovadora e de baixo custo, de um sistema individual de tratamento de esgoto sanitário residencial que utiliza pneus inservíveis (TIRE-ATS) em substituição às paredes de alvenaria. O estudo foi dividido em quatro fases: (I) levantamento de dados locais e seleção de uma residência-piloto; (II) concepção e dimensionamento do sistema; (III) implantação do sistema; e (IV) análise das vantagens financeira e ambiental. O município estudado apresenta sérias deficiências em relação aos pneus inservíveis, como a não aplicação da logística reversa, a queima desses resíduos em área de lixões, e a inexistência de esgotamento sanitário. O sistema provou ser eficaz, demandando 18 pneus inservíveis em sua construção, o que retiraria 64.782 pneus do meio ambiente para o beneficiamento de um bairro, fomentando a economia verde, com unidades seguras, de alta durabilidade e estanque. A vantagem financeira do TIRE-ATS em relação ao sistema de alvenaria foi de 18%, bastante atraente para a população local que, em sua maioria, é carente. A sustentabilidade do reaproveitamento de pneus representa uma vantagem ambiental notável, avançando em direção aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas.Basic sanitation is crucial for a healthy and sustainable life, especially in developing countries, where sanitary sewage and management of solid waste, such as end-of-life tires, are significant challenges. This study presents a research methodology of applied nature featuring the innovative and low-cost implementation of an individual residential sewage treatment system, which uses unusable tires (TIRE-ATS) as a substitute for masonry walls. The study was divided into four phases: (I) local data collection and selection of a pilot residence, (II) design and sizing of the system, (III) system implementation, and (IV) analysis of financial and environmental advantages. The municipality studied has serious deficiencies regarding unusable tires, such as the absence of reverse logistics, the burning of these wastes in landfill areas, and the inexistence of sanitary sewage. The system proved to be effective, requiring 18 end-of-life tires for its construction, which would remove 64,782 tires from the environment for the benefit of a neighborhood, fostering the green economy with safe, durable, and watertight units. The financial advantage of TIRE-ATS over the masonry system was 18%, which is quite attractive to the local population, most of whom are economically underprivileged. The sustainability of tire reuse represents a notable environmental advantage, progressing toward the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations Organization

PCR identification of lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage inoculated with lyophilised or activated Lactobacillus buchneri

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage. Highlights: Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population. Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage. Highlights: Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population. Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production

RACISMO INSTITUCIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA ATUAÇÃO LEGISLATIVA MUNICIPAL NO PELOURINHO

Na complexidade das relações contemporâneas entre Estado e o cidadão, é objeto de estudo deste trabalho o racismo institucional. Nas múltiplas facetas deste racismo intrínseco às instituições, investiga-se como o Centro Antigo da cidade de Salvador/BA experimentou um discurso de revitalização que resultou por efetivar a exclusão social de moradores negros e pobres desta região nos últimos 30 anos. O recente Programa Revitalizar, de autoria do Executivo Municipal, segue nesta vertente ao utilizar da retórica de restaurar casarões antigos do Centro Histórico com fins turísticos. A Carta Magna promulgada em 1988 trouxe como dever constitucional fornecer de forma isonômica, para todos os cidadãos, uma ampla estrutura de proteção contra a possibilidade de tornarem-se excluídos de sua vivência histórica. Desta forma, o presente artigo analisa se o Programa Revitalizar respeita as diretrizes constitucionais e tem como escopo a segurança das pessoas marginalizadas que têm como lar o Centro Histórico de Salvador

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others