Exploración biomecánica de la carrera en futbolistas profesionales colombianos: propuesta inicial

Introduction: Football Soccer is the most popular team sport around the world, it is estimated that around 4% of the world's population practices it (1), this activity involves running, kicking, jumping, stopping and making changes of direction in high speed or half speed. The biomechanics of the sprint is important because it allows improving the technique and impact on the prevention of injuries.Objective: To determine the biomechanical characteristics of the sprint of professional soccer team players.Methods: descriptive observational study of a series cases of the sprint in 12 professional soccer players. We included players from 18 to 35 years old belonging to a professional team without knee, hip or ankle injuries in the last 4 weeks.Results: The median speed was 7.44 m / s [RIQ: 6.93 - 7.75 m / s] being higher in the right leg 7.49 m / s [RIQ 6.88 - 7.74 m / s] than on the left. The median stride length was 3.21 m (RIQ 3.05-3.64 m) with predominance in the right leg 3.20 m [RIQ 3.11-3.74 m]. It was evidenced that the winger player was the one who presented the highest speed, while the middle forward was the one who presented the lowest speed of the group evaluated.Conclusion: The biomechanical study of professional soccer players allows a characterization of the sports gesture of the sprint, allowing a different vision to those currently used both for the improvement in performance and training strategies, as well as in the possible intervention in the prevention of injuries.Introducción: El fútbol es el deporte en equipo más popular alrededor del mundo, se estima que alrededor del 4% de la población mundial lo practica (1), su actividad involucra correr, patear, saltar, parar y realizar cambios de dirección en altas y medias velocidades. La biomecánica de la carrera es importante ya que permite mejorar la técnica, e impactar en la prevención de lesiones.Objetivo: determinar las características biomecánicas de la carrera de los jugadores de un equipo de fútbol profesional.Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos de la carrera en 12 jugadores de fútbol profesional. Se incluyeron jugadores de 18 a 35 años pertenecientes al equipo sin lesiones de rodilla, cadera o tobillo en las últimas 4 semanas.Resultados: La mediana de la velocidad fue 7.44 m/s [RIQ: 6,93 – 7,75 m/s] siendo mayor en la pierna derecha 7.49 m/s [RIQ 6,88 – 7,74 m/s] que en la izquierda. La mediana de la longitud de zancada, fue 3,21 m (RIQ 3,05-3,64 m) con predominancia en la pierna derecha 3.20 m [RIQ 3,11-3,74 m]. Se evidenció que el jugador de la posición volante fue quien mayor velocidad presentó, mientras que el volante derecho fue quien presentó la menor velocidad del grupo evaluado.Conclusión: El estudio biomecánico de los futbolistas profesionales permite una caracterización del gesto deportivo de la carrera, permitiendo una visión diferente a las actualmente utilizadas tanto para la mejora en el rendimiento y estrategias de entrenamiento, como en la posible intervención en la prevención de lesiones.

Layer-by-layer assembled fluorescent probes in the second near-infrared window for systemic delivery and detection of ovarian cancer

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1,700 nm) features deep tissue penetration, reduced tissue scattering, and diminishing tissue autofluorescence. Here, NIR-II fluorescent probes, including down-conversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and organic dyes, are constructed into biocompatible nanoparticles using the layer-by-layer (LbL) platform due to its modular and versatile nature. The LbL platform has previously been demonstrated to enable incorporation of diagnostic agents, drugs, and nucleic acids such as siRNA while providing enhanced blood plasma half-life and tumor targeting. This work carries out head-to-head comparisons of currently available NIR-II probes with identical LbL coatings with regard to their biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities. Overall, rare-earth-based down-conversion nanoparticles demonstrate optimal biological and optical performance and are evaluated as a diagnostic probe for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, typically diagnosed at late stage. Successful detection of orthotopic ovarian tumors is achieved by in vivo NIR-II imaging and confirmed by ex vivo microscopic imaging. Collectively, these results indicate that LbL-based NIR-II probes can serve as a promising theranostic platform to effectively and noninvasively monitor the progression and treatment of serous ovarian cancer.United States. Department of Defense. Ovarian Cancer Research Program (TEAL Innovator Award OC120504)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence Grant 5-U54- CA151884-03

Development of a Ta/TaN/TaNx(Ag)y/TaN nanocomposite coating system and bio-response study for biomedical applications

[EN] TaN(Ag) composited coatings are being investigated to improve biocompatibility of different biomedical devices due to the mechanical and chemical stability of TaN and bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. However, controlling the size, density, shape and especially the release of silver ions (Ag) into the surrounding medium becomes a challenge, since elevated levels of Ag could be cytotoxic. The aim of this work is to design and develop a new Ta/TaN/TaNx(Ag)y/TaN coating system, deposited by unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering technique, presenting an adequate balance between biocompatibility and bactericidal effect for potential applications in biomedical field. For this purpose, four different coating systems were deposited on 316 L stainless steel and silicon (100) samples applying a bias voltage of ¿30, ¿60, ¿90 and ¿120 V during the deposition of the top layer of TaN to vary its density. This manufacturing strategy allowed controlling the diffusion of silver nanoparticles to the coating surface and the release kinetics of silver ions in simulated body fluid (SBF). Biologic characterization has been performed with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells in terms of cell adhesion and long-term differentiation. Additionally, the adhesion and biofilm formation of the bacteria Streptococcus sanguinis strain in the deposited coating systems of Ta/TaN/TaNx(Ag)y/TaN were analyzed. The results indicated an improvement of cell adhesion and differentiation of the composited coating deposited with a bias of ¿30 V compared to other coatings. Concordantly, this coating showed the lowest bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, representing an attractive and suitable composited material for biomedical applications.The technical support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (through the MAT2015-69315-C3-1-R) and FEDER funds project are acknowledged. CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Echavarria, AM.; Rico Tortosa, PM.; Gómez Ribelles, JL.; Pacha-Olivenza, MA.; Fernandez-Calderon, M.; Bejarano-G, G. (2017). Development of a Ta/TaN/TaNx(Ag)y/TaN nanocomposite coating system and bio-response study for biomedical applications. Vacuum. 145:55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.08.020S556714

Nuevos registros y estado actual de la distribución de Imantodes inornatus Boulenger, 1896 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) en Colombia

In order to document the current state of knowledge and geographical distribution of Imantodes inornatus, a review of specimens deposited in the Scientific Collection of Zoological Reference of Chocó-Herpetología (UTCH: COLZOOCH-H) and the Herpetological Collection of the Industrial University of Santander (UIS-R), as well as a meticulous search of records of the species published to date. We present here three new locations and an update of the geographic and altitudinal distribution of the species in Colombia, while two new habitats are now occupied by I. inornatus and some aspects of its conservation status are commented.Con el fin de documentar el estado de conocimiento y distribución geográfica actual de Imantodes inornatus, se llevó a cabo una revisión de ejemplares depositados en la Colección Científica de Referencia Zoológica del Chocó-Herpetología (UTCH: COLZOOCH-H) y la Colección Herpetológica de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS-R), así como una búsqueda minuciosa de registros de la especie publicados a la fecha. Presentamos aquí tres nuevas localidades y una actualización de la distribución geográfica y altitudinal de la especie en Colombia, al tiempo que, se adicionan dos nuevos hábitats ocupados ahora por I. inornatus y se comentan algunos aspectos sobre su estado de conservación

Breast cancer PAM50 signature: Correlation and concordance between RNA-Seq and digital multiplexed gene expression technologies in a triple negative breast cancer series

Background: Full RNA-Seq is a fundamental research tool for whole transcriptome analysis. However, it is too costly and time consuming to be used in routine clinical practice. We evaluated the transcript quantification agreement between RNA-Seq and a digital multiplexed gene expression platform, and the subtype call after running the PAM50 assay in a series of breast cancer patients classified as triple negative by IHC/FISH. The goal of this study is to analyze the concordance between both expression platforms overall, and for calling PAM50 triple negative breast cancer intrinsic subtypes in particular. Results: The analyses were performed in paraffin-embedded tissues from 96 patients recruited in a multicenter, prospective, non-randomized neoadjuvant triple negative breast cancer trial (NCT01560663). Pre-treatment core biopsies were obtained following clinical practice guidelines and conserved as FFPE for further RNA extraction. PAM50 was performed on both digital multiplexed gene expression and RNA-Seq platforms. Subtype assignment was based on the nearest centroid classification following this procedure for both platforms and it was concordant on 96% of the cases (N = 96). In four cases, digital multiplexed gene expression analysis and RNA-Seq were discordant. The Spearman correlation to each of the centroids and the risk of recurrence were above 0.89 in both platforms while the agreement on Proliferation Score reached up to 0.97. In addition, 82% of the individual PAM50 genes showed a correlation coefficient > 0.80. Conclusions: In our analysis, the subtype calling in most of the samples was concordant in both platforms and the potential discordances had reduced clinical implications in terms of prognosis. If speed and cost are the main driving forces then the preferred technique is the digital multiplexed platform, while if whole genome patterns and subtype are the driving forces, then RNA-Seq is the preferred method

Sonic Hedgehog Is a Chemoattractant for Midbrain Dopaminergic Axons

Midbrain dopaminergic axons project from the substantia nigra (SN) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to rostral target tissues, including the striatum, pallidum, and hypothalamus. The axons from the medially located VTA project primarily to more medial target tissues in the forebrain, whereas the more lateral SN axons project to lateral targets including the dorsolateral striatum. This structural diversity underlies the distinct functions of these pathways. Although a number of guidance cues have been implicated in the formation of the distinct axonal projections of the SN and VTA, the molecular basis of their diversity remains unclear. Here we investigate the molecular basis of structural diversity in mDN axonal projections. We find that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is expressed at a choice point in the course of the rostral dopaminergic projections. Furthermore, in midbrain explants, dopaminergic projections are attracted to a Shh source. Finally, in mice in which Shh signaling is inactivated during late neuronal development, the most medial dopaminergic projections are deficient

Adenovirus type 7 associated with severe and fatal acute lower respiratory infections in Argentine children

BACKGROUND: Adenoviruses are the second most prevalent cause of acute lower respiratory infection of viral origin in children under four years of age in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features and outcome of acute lower respiratory infection associated with different adenovirus genotypes in children. METHODS: Twenty-four cases of acute lower respiratory infection and adenovirus diagnosis reported in a pediatric unit during a two-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Adenovirus was detected by antigen detection and isolation in HEp-2 cells. Adenovirus DNA from 17 isolates was studied by restriction enzyme analysis with Bam HI and Sma I. RESULTS: Subgenus b was found in 82.3% of the cases, and subgenus c in 17.7%. Within subgenus b, only genotype 7 was detected, with genomic variant 7h in 85.7% (12/14) and genomic variant 7i in 14.3% (2/14). Mean age was 8.8 ±; 6 months, and male to female ratio was 3.8: 1. At admission, pneumonia was observed in 71% of the cases and bronchiolitis in 29%. Malnutrition occurred in 37% of the cases; tachypnea in 79%; chest indrawing in 66%; wheezing in 58%; apneas in 16%; and conjunctivitis in 29%. Blood cultures for bacteria and antigen detection of other respiratory viruses were negative. During hospitalization, fatality rate was 16.7% (4 /24). Of the patients who died, three had Ad 7h and one Ad 7i. Thus, fatality rate for adenovirus type 7 reached 28.6% (4/14). CONCLUSIONS: These results show the predominance of adenovirus 7 and high lethality associated with the genomic variants 7h and 7i in children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection