Anesthetic Efficiency of Three Medicinal Plant Oils for Aquatic Species: Coriander Coriandrum sativum,

This study evaluated the potential of three essential oils (EOs) that were obtained from coriander Coriandrum sativum (CEO), linaloe tree Bursera delpechiana (BEO), and lavender Lavandula hybrida (LEO) as anesthetic agents. Convict Cichlids Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Gunther 1867) were exposed to eight concentrations of anesthetic (50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mu L/L). After exposure to the anesthetic, the fish were transferred to clean water to recover. All of the EOs produced an anesthetic effect after exposure to the compounds for 30 min at the minimal effective concentration (MEC), which was identified according to deep anesthesia (A(5) < 3 min) and full recovery (R-3 < 5 min) times. At 50 and 75 mu L/L, the total loss of equilibrium was not observed for all tested EOs. The total loss of reflex was induced at a faster rate with higher concentrations of anesthetic in all groups. The recovery time generally increased as the concentration of the anesthetic increased. These findings suggest that CEO, BEO, and LEO are all novel potential anesthetics for aquaculture, and the optimal concentrations were identified as 150 mu L/L (A(5); 156 +/- 1.7 s and R-3; 165 +/- 2.9 s), 125 mu L/L (A(5); 176 +/- 3.5 s; R-3; 125 +/- 2.0 s), and 200 mu L/L (A(5); 20.1 +/- 2.4 s and R-3; 162 +/- 3.4 s), respectively. When considering the active ingredients of EOs, this study also demonstrated that future studies should be focused on the major components such as linalyl acetate, 1.8-cineole, alpha-pinene, geraniol, and linalool. Their synergistic effects should be examined in herbal anesthetic treatments, since new commercial anesthetics will likely contain them

The interaction potential of of herbal medicinal products: a luminescence-based screening platform for assessing effects on cytochrome P450 and its use with Devil\u27s Claw (Harpagophyti Radix) preparations

Objectives  Potential interactions between herbal medicinal products and the cytochrome (CYP) P450 system are an important safety concern. We set out to develop a screening panel for assessing such interactions and use it to evaluate the interaction potential of devil\u27s claw. Methods  The panel consisted of luminescence-based inhibition assays for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4, and a reporter gene (luciferase) assay for pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation and CYP3A4 induction. Caftaric acid and chlorogenic acid, two compounds with strong fluorescence quenching properties, were used to demonstrate the assay\u27s resistance to interference. We tested 10 commercial devil\u27s claw preparations as well as harpagoside and harpagide, two important constituents of devil\u27s claw. Key findings  Five preparations were found to weakly inhibit CYP3A4 (IC50 124.2–327.6 µg/ml) and five were found to weakly activate PXR (EC50 10.21–169.3 µg/ml). Harpagoside and harpagide did not inhibit CYP3A4. In agreement with published data, bergamottin, a natural product known to interact with CYP3A4, was shown to inhibit CYP3A4 with an IC50 of 13.63 µm and activate PXR with an EC50 of 6.7 µm. Conclusions  Devil\u27s claw preparations are unlikely to have a clinically relevant effect on CYP function. The assay panel proved effective in screening devil\u27s claw preparations, demonstrating its suitability for use with plant extracts. It showed superior sensitivity and resistance to interference