Polydendrocytes Display Large Lineage Plasticity following Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Polydendrocytes (also known as NG2 glial cells) constitute a fourth major glial cell type in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that is distinct from other cell types. Although much evidence suggests that these cells are multipotent in vitro, their differentiation potential in vivo under physiological or pathophysiological conditions is still controversial

Stem cells origin and migration

Generation, migration and distribution of stem cells throughout the body are a major process in the generation of morphological divergence and evolution in different species of vertebrates. Progenitor cells pass through different compartments during embryonic development and the exposition to different tissue environments stimulates the activation of specific differentiation programs. In this chapter we discuss the origin of different migratory cell populations, such as embryonic stem cells, primordial germ cells and neural crest cells, with focus on the different molecular factors activated during migration to different embryonic compartments

Epiblast embryo stem cells give origin to adult pluripotent cell populations: Primordial germ cell, pericytic and haematopoyetic stem cells. A review Las células madre del epiblasto dan origen a poblaciones de células pluripotentes adultas: Células germin

Adult stem cells are great promise to the future of regenerative therapy, and understanding of its embryonic origin permit the discrimination of stem cell sources. Embryonic stem cells derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst originate the primordial germ cells, and pericyte stem cell associated to vessels endothelium in yolk sac. Currently, it is being proposed that embryonic primordial germ cell could originate hematopoietic stem cells based on the detection of germ cell markers (SSEA-1/TEC-1, Oct-4 and Nanog) in stem cell harvested from fetal liver and bone marrow. However, different experimental evidence points at two separate differentiation routes toward primordial germ cells, and hematopoietic stem cell with the same embryonic origin. The expression of undifferentiated stem cell markers in umbilical cord and placental vessels, such CD34, CXCR4, c-kit and OCT4 demonstrates the intimate relation between pericyte stem cells, endothelium, haematopoiesis, and primordial germ cells