Influence of the Lubrication Conditions on the Surface Finish of Turned Aeronautical Aluminium Alloys. A preliminary Study

Nowadays, one of the main objectives that affects the development of any new product is the respect for the environment. Until the late 80's, the development and manufacture of the most of the product were aimed to achieve maximum quality in time and costs with environmental issues relegated to secondary importance. On the other hand, in the 90's, the pressure from factors such as markets, financial and legislative factors, led to environmental considerations being taken into account. In this context, the current aeronautical industry strategies are based on the search for economic, environmental and energy efficiency considerations for all the processes involved in the aircraft manufacturing

Extraction of Marine Collagen Derivatives from Hoplostethus mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829 Using a Pressurized Water - CO2 System

Trabajo presentado en: 19th European meeting on Supercritical Fluids (EMSF 2023), organized by the International Society for the Advancement of Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, 21-24 may, 2023The study indicated a new approach for producing nutritional and functional biomaterial from a relatively unutilized marine source while contributing to environmentally responsible and sustainable practices of efficient resource use.This work was supported by TUBITAK 2219 (Post-doc international scholarships programme) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) [grant numbers PID2019–104950RB-I00, TED2021-129311B-I00 and PDC2022-133443-I00] and the Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number BU050P20]. RM is supported by a Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182]

Opiniones, prácticas, barreras y predisposición al cambio, a la hora de dar consejo para dejar de fumar

ObjetivoConocer las opiniones, las prácticas actuales, las barreras percibidas y la predisposición al cambio con respecto al consejo para dejar de fumar (CF) ofertado a los pacientes por los diferentes profesionales sanitarios (PS) de atención primaria.DiseñoEstudio descriptivo, transversal.EmplazamientoCentros de salud del Área Sanitaria 9, de Madrid.ParticipantesParticiparon 480 PS, entre médicos de familia, pediatras, residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria, y enfermería.MedicionesMediante cuestionario autocumplimentado y anónimo se recogen variables sociodemográficas, sobre actitudes, creencias y utilización de estrategias en CF y sobre barreras percibidas para darlo, así como la predisposición al cambio.ResultadosContestó al cuestionario el 75,2% (el 94,2, 61,1, 51,6 y 88% de los médicos, enfermeros, pediatras y residentes, respectivamente). El 72% pregunta de manera habitual, con un incremento hasta el 92,4% en las enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaquismo, sin diferencias respecto al sexo, el PS, el hábito tabáquico y la formación previa. El 85,8% ofrece realizar un seguimiento y el 63,5% proporciona consejos escritos. El 75% de los no fumadores se considera modelo social, frente al 40% de los fumadores. Las principales barreras son la falta de tiempo y la baja motivación en los pacientes. El 93,5% cree que es necesaria una formación específica para proporcionar CF.ConclusionesSe pregunta y se ofrece CF, independientemente del hábito tabáquico del PS. A pesar de las barreras, hay una adecuada utilización de las estrategias para proporcionar CF. Hay buena predisposición al cambio para optimizar el CF.ObjectiveTo get to know the opinions, current practices, perceived barriers and stage of change in respect to the smoking cessation advice (SCA) offered to patients by the different health professionals (HP) from primary care.DesignDescriptive cross-sectional study.LocationÁrea Sanitaria 9’s Health Centers, inMadrid, Spain.Participants480 HPs, including primary care doctors, pediatricians, primary care residents, and nursery staff.MeasurementsUsing a self-filled and anonymous questionnaire, we will gather sociodemographic variables and from the HP’s office, regarding the attitudes towards tobacco, efficiency beliefs and use of strategies in the advice, and the perceived barriers to give it, as well as the state of change.Results75.2% of the HPs filled the questionnaire (94.2%, 61.1%, 51.6%, and 88% by doctors, nurses, pediatricians, and residents respectively). 72% ask regularly, this rate increasing to 92.4% over tobacco-related diseases. No differences were made between sexes, professional types, tobacco habits, or previous attendance to courses. 85.8% offers tracing and 63.5% give written advices. Nearly 75% of non-smokers are considered social role models, that against only 40% of smokers. The main barriers found were lack of time and low motivation from the patients. 93.5% consider an specific education necessary to give efficient SCA.ConclusionsInquiries are made and SCA is given, independently of the smoking habits of the SCA. Likewise, there is a good state of change by the HPs to optimize the treatment of tobacco dependency

OBTENTION OF SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND ANTISERA AGAINST XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA AND THEIR USE FOR DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific to Xylella fastidiosa were obtained by fusion of a nonsecreting myeloma cell line with spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injections of 0.1 ml of 108 cfu/ml of X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (LMG17159 strain) (somatic antigens O) emulsified in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant. Specific antibody-secreting hybridoma selected by indirect-ELISA was three times cloned under conditions of limiting dilution and established hybrids were grown in HT medium. Ten MAb lines producing the highest bacterial titre were selected, isotype determined and their specificity tested. Three MAbs (MAb2G1/PPD, MAb1C6/PPD and MAb9F7/PPD) were selected for their wide reaction spectrum against X. fastidiosa strains and good specificity. Furthermore six polyclonal antisera against X. fastidiosa were raised in CalifornianxNeozelander rabbits with O antigens from Conn Creek, LMG15099 and LMG17159 strains. LMG17159-O antiserum was selected for the higher titre and because it recognized all the X. fastidiosa strains challenged. Polyclonal immunoglobulins as trapping/coating antibodies and specific MAb2G1/PPD as intermediate-detecting antibodies (DASI-ELISA method) reached a sensitivity of 105 cfu/ml of Xylella fastidiosa in almond extracts and of 105-106 in olive extracts. A DAS-ELISA prototype was then developed, prior to commercial distribution, using MAb2G1/PPD conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The sensitivity reached was 105 cfu/ml and showed excellent specificity. One hundred twelve samples of different almond tree plots from the Demarcated Zone for X. fastidiosa in Alicante (Spain) were analysed comparatively by the developed DAS-ELISA, the LOEWE kit and the protocols of real-time PCR by Harper et al. (2010) and Francis et al. (2006). The agreement between the techniques was almost perfect according to the estimated Cohen’s kappa index, even in symptomless almond trees. The production of specific MAbs to X. fastidiosa will supply a continuous source of homogenous and well characterized antibodies to increase the accuracy of diagnosis and detection methods. A direct tissue-print or DTBIA kit is being also validated in order to supply an available user-friendly system to test in a low cost, fast, discreet, sensitive, an accurate manner this harmful bacterium in samples from nurseries, gardens and wide surveys, such as is available for other plant pathogens

A complex storm system in Saturn’s north polar atmosphere in 2018

Producción CientíficaSaturn’s convective storms usually fall in two categories. One consists of mid-sized storms ∼2,000 km wide, appearing as irregular bright cloud systems that evolve rapidly, on scales of a few days. The other includes the Great White Spots, planetary-scale giant storms ten times larger than the mid-sized ones, which disturb a full latitude band, enduring several months, and have been observed only seven times since 1876. Here we report a new intermediate type, observed in 2018 in the north polar region. Four large storms with east–west lengths ∼4,000–8,000 km (the first one lasting longer than 200 days) formed sequentially in close latitudes, experiencing mutual encounters and leading to zonal disturbances affecting a full latitude band ∼8,000 km wide, during at least eight months. Dynamical simulations indicate that each storm required energies around ten times larger than mid-sized storms but ∼100 times smaller than those necessary for a Great White Spot. This event occurred at about the same latitude and season as the Great White Spot in 1960, in close correspondence with the cycle of approximately 60 years hypothesized for equatorial Great White Spots.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AYA2015-65041-P)Gobierno Vasco (project IT-366-19

Wind power field reconstruction from a reduced set of representative measuring points

In this paper we deal with a problem of representative measuring points selection for long-term wind power analysis. It has direct applications such as wind farm prospective location or long-term power generation prediction in wind-based energy facilities. The problem’s objective is to select the best set of N measuring points (i.e. N representative points), in such a way that a wind power error reconstruction measure is minimized, considering a monthly average wind power field. In order to solve this problem, we use a novel meta-heuristic algorithm, the Coral Reefs Optimization with Substrate Layer, which is an evolutionary-type method able to combine different search procedures within a single population. The CRO-SL is hybridized with the Analogue Method as wind power reconstruction method, to identify the most representative points for the wind field. The proposed approach has been tested in the reconstruction of monthly average wind power fields in Europe, from reanalysis data (ERAInterim reanalysis). The method exhibits strong performance as evidenced from the experiments carried out. The solutions obtained show that the more significant measuring points are mainly located over the Atlantic ocean, which is consistent with the wind speed climatology of the Northern hemisphere midlatitudes. We have also analyzed the set of least representative points to reconstruct the wind power field (less informative points for whole reconstruction of the field), obtaining points mainly located at the North of Scandinavia (which may be associated with the circumpolar circulation), and some points in the Eastern Mediterranean, which seem to be related to the Etesian winds. Reconstructions at seasonal scales show similar results, which provides confidence on the robustness of the proposed method. The proposed methodology can be further applied to alternative energy-related problems, such as the selection of critical energy infra-structures or the selection of critical points for climate change studies, among others

The social construction and consequences of groundwater modelling: insight from the Mancha Oriental aquifer, Spain

[EN] Groundwater flow models have been increasingly used to support policy making. A substantial amount of research has been dedicated to improving, validating and calibrating models and including stakeholders in the modelling process. However, little research has been done to analyze how the choices of model makers and steering by policy makers result in models with specific characteristics, which only allow specific modelling outcomes, and how the use of these modelling outcomes leads to specific social, economic and environmental consequences. In this study, we use the social construction of technology framework to explore the development, characteristics and uses of the groundwater model of the Mancha Oriental aquifer in Spain. The specific characteristics and functioning of this model influenced the policy implementation, implying that involving stakeholders in the development and use of models is crucial for improved democratic policy making.This work was carried out as part of the collaboration agreement between the University of Castilla–La Mancha and Wageningen University. The research is also part of Femke Rambags’ MSc Thesis. David Sanz was supported by the Grants for Stays at Other Universities and Research Centres (UCLM). Special thanks go to the Júcar Water Authority (CHJ) and stakeholders (JCRMO) in the Mancha Oriental System for the necessary information. We would also like to thank Dr A. Sahuquillo of the Universitat Politècnica de València de Valencia and Dr S. Castaño of the University of Castilla–La Mancha for comments and participation in the first stage of modelling. The contents of this paper do not represent the views of CHJ or JCRMO. 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Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar.Castaño, S., Sanz, D., & Gómez-Alday, J. J. (2009). Methodology for Quantifying Groundwater Abstractions for Agriculture via Remote Sensing and GIS. Water Resources Management, 24(4), 795-814. doi:10.1007/s11269-009-9473-7Castaño, S., Sanz, D., & Gómez-Alday, J. J. (2013). Sensitivity of a Groundwater Flow Model to Both Climatic Variations and Management Scenarios in a Semi-arid Region of SE Spain. Water Resources Management, 27(7), 2089-2101. doi:10.1007/s11269-013-0277-4Castilla-Rho, J. C. (2017). Groundwater Modeling with Stakeholders: Finding the Complexity that Matters. Groundwater, 55(5), 620-625. doi:10.1111/gwat.12569Doherty, J., & Simmons, C. T. (2013). Groundwater modelling in decision support: reflections on a unified conceptual framework. Hydrogeology Journal, 21(7), 1531-1537. doi:10.1007/s10040-013-1027-7Ferrer, J. & Garijo, L. (2013). 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Changes in iron metabolism and oxidative status in STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with bis(maltolato) oxovanadium(IV) as an antidiabetic agent

The role of vanadium as a micronutrient and hypoglycaemic agent has yet to be fully clarified. The present study was undertaken to investigate changes in the metabolism of iron and in antioxidant defences of diabetic STZ rats following treatment with vanadium. Four groups were examined: control; diabetic; diabetic treated with 1 mgV/day; and Diabetic treated with 3 mgV/day. The vanadium was supplied in drinking water as bis(maltolato) oxovanadium (IV) (BMOV). The experiment had a duration of five weeks. Iron was measured in food, faeces, urine, serum, muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, and femur. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, NAD(P)H: quinone-oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) activity, and protein carbonyl group levels in the liver were determined. In the diabetic rats, higher levels of Fe absorbed, Fe content in kidney, muscle, and femur, and NQO1 activity were recorded, together with decreased catalase activity, in comparison with the control rats. In the rats treated with 3 mgV/day, there was a significant decrease in fasting glycaemia, Fe content in the liver, spleen, and heart, catalase activity, and levels of protein carbonyl groups in comparison with the diabetic group. In conclusion BMOV was a dose-dependent hypoglycaemic agent. Treatment with 3 mgV/day provoked increased Fe deposits in the tissues, which promoted a protein oxidative damage in the liver.The authors are grateful for support received from the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa, Andalusian Regional Government (Project P06-CTS-01435)

Quantum Loops in the Resonance Chiral Theory: The Vector Form Factor

We present a calculation of the Vector Form Factor at the next-to-leading order in the 1/N_C expansion, within the framework of Resonance Chiral Theory. The calculation is performed in the chiral limit, and with two dynamical quark flavours. The ultraviolet behaviour of quantum loops involving virtual resonance propagators is analyzed, together with the kind of counterterms needed in the renormalization procedure. Using the lowest-order equations of motion, we show that only a few combinations of local couplings appear in the final result. The low-energy limit of our calculation reproduces the standard Chiral Perturbation Theory formula, allowing us to determine the resonance contribution to the chiral low-energy couplings, at the next-to-leading order in 1/N_C, keeping a full control of their renormalization scale dependence.Comment: 27+1 pages, 9 figure