M. B. Cossío y la desjerarquización docente

El presente trabajo va a ceñirse a algo tan palpitante y tan extentóreamente pedido por todas las fuerzas democráticas como es el cuerpo único de enseñantes y, en suma, la desjerarquización docente de que nos habla el longevo director del Museo Pedagógico Nacional, don M. Bartolomé Cossío . Este gran miembro de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza dio en Bilbao, en 1905, una conferencia que portaba el siguiente título: «El maestro, la escuela y el material de enseñanza». La vigencia del asunto tratado por Cossío era tan innegable en la época primorriverista que la seria y profunda «Revista de Pedagogía» consideró conveniente la publicación del texto con el título de «El maestro» en su número 86 de febrero de 1929

Efecto del sexo y del peso al sacrificio sobre las características del lomo y de la grasa de cerdos destinados a la producción de Jamón curado de Teruel

A total of 200 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) pigs intended for Protected Designation of Origin Teruel dry-curedham manufacture was used for the study. The objective was to investigate the effect of gender (barrows and gilts) andslaughter weight (SW; 120, 125, 130, 135 or 140 kg) on Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle characteristics and the fatty acid (FA) profile of the subcutaneous fat. The LD from barrows had higher intramuscular fat (P<0.01), b* value (P<0.01),colour intensity (P<0.01 for c* and P<0.05 for Hº) and tenderness (P<0.05) than the LD from gilts. Fat from barrows had a higher saturated FA content (P<0.01) a lower polyunsaturated (P<0.001) and unsaturated FA content (P<0.01) than fat from gilts. On the other hand, intramuscular fat was increased (P<0.05) but moisture and L* (P<0.05), thawing (P<0.001) and cooking losses (P<0.01) decreased as SW increased. Polyunsaturated FA content decreased (P<0.001) and saturated FA proportion tended to increase (P<0.10) as the SW increased. It was concluded that barrows and gilts were adequate for both fresh meat and dry-cured ham production. An increase in SW from 120 to 140 kg impairs subcutaneous fat quality but improves some loin characteristics which are desirable for Teruel dry-cured pork production.Un total de 200 cerdos Duroc × (Landrace × Large) destinados a la Denominación de Origen Protegida Jamón de Teruelfueron usados para el estudio. El objetivo fue estudiar el efecto del sexo (machos castrados y hembras) y el peso al sacrificio (120, 125, 130, 135 y 140 kg) sobre las características del músculo Longissimus dorsi (LD) y el perfil de ácidos grasos de la grasa subcutánea. El LD de los castrados presentó mayor contenido en grasa intramuscular (P<0,01), valor de b* (P<0,01), intensidad del color (P<0,01 para c* y P<0,05 para Hº) y terneza (P<0,05) que el LD de las hembras. La grasa de los castrados tuvo mayor porcentaje de ácidos grasos saturados (P<0,01) y menor de poliinsaturados (P<0,001) e insaturados (P<0,01) que la grasa de las hembras. El aumento del peso al sacrificio incrementó el contenido en grasa intramuscular (P<0,05), pero redujo la humedad y el valor L* (P<0,05) y las pérdidas por descongelación (P<0,001) y por cocinado (P<0,01) del lomo. Asimismo, el contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados disminuyó (P<0,001) y la proporción deácidos grasos saturados tendió a aumentar (P<0,10) a medida que el peso al sacrificio aumentaba. Concluimos que machos castrados y hembras son adecuados para carne fresca y para la elaboración de productos curados. El incremento del peso al sacrificio empeora la calidad de la grasa, pero mejora algunos aspectos de la carne que son deseables para la industria de carne curada de cerdo de Teruel

Site-fidelity and movement patterns of bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) in central Argentina: essential information for effective conservation

The effectiveness of conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs) for the conservation of cetaceans is determined by how well their home range or critical habitat is covered. The present study seeks to provide information on the site-fidelity and movement patterns of individual bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in central Argentina. Between 2007 and 2013, photo-identification data of bottlenose dolphins were collected in four study sites some 90-200km apart from each other along the central Argentinean coast. Results show long-term site-fidelity (over 5years) in one of the study areas. Re-sighting rates further suggest the existence of different sub-populations of bottlenose dolphins, but also confirm some connectivity (with movements over 200-290km) and thus potential for gene flow within the region. Considering the population declines of bottlenose dolphins in Argentina, information on site-fidelity and movement patterns will be of value to improve the effectiveness of existing MPAs for the conservation of the species as well as prioritizing areas for increased research

Rates of production and utilisation of lactate by microbial communities from the human colon

13 páginas, 7 tablas, 3 figuras.Lactate metabolism was studied in mixed bacterial communities using single-stage continuous flow fermentors inoculated with faecal slurries from four different volunteers and run for 6 days at pH 5.5 and 6.0, using carbohydrates, mainly starch, as substrates. A continuous infusion of [U-13C]starch and l-[3-13C]lactate was performed on day 5 and a bolus injection of l-[3-13C]lactate plus dl-lactate on day 6. Short-chain fatty acids and lactate concentrations plus enrichments and numbers of lactate-producing and -utilizing bacteria on day 5 were measured. Faecal samples were also collected weekly over a 3-month period to inoculate 24-h batch culture incubation at pH 5.9 and 6.5 with carbohydrates alone or with 35 mmol L-1 lactate. In the fermentors, the potential lactate disposal rates were more than double the formation rates, and lactate concentrations usually remained below detection. Lactate formation was greater (P < 0.05) at the lower pH, with a similar tendency for utilization. Up to 20% of butyrate production was derived from lactate. In batch cultures, lactate was also efficiently used at both pH values, especially at 6.5, although volunteer and temporal variability existed. Under healthy gut environmental conditions, bacterial lactate disposal seems to exceed production markedly.The Rowett Research Institute and Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland are supported by the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department. A. Belenguer received financial support from Spanish Ministry of Education and Science

Detección automática de fallos mediante monitorización y optimización de las fechas de limpieza para instalaciones fotovoltaicas

[Resumen] Este trabajo presenta una propuesta para mejorar la automatización del mantenimiento de plantas fotovoltaicas. Esto se lleva a cabo, por una parte, seleccionando los índices adecuados para la detección de fallos utilizando los datos de monitorización disponibles. Por otra parte, se estudia el efecto de la suciedad en los paneles y se plantea un método para optimizar las fechas y frecuencia de limpieza de las instalaciones.Universitat Jaume I de Castellón; P1-1B2015-3

Cross-guide Moreno directional coupler in empty substrate integrated waveguide

Substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) combine the advantages of rectangular waveguides (low losses) and planar circuits (low cost and low profile). Empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW) has been proposed as a novel configuration in SIWs recently. This technology significantly reduces the losses of conventional SIW by removing its inner dielectric. The cross-guide directional coupler is a well-known low-profile design for having a broadband waveguide coupler. In this paper a cross-guide coupler with ESIW technique is proposed. In such a manner, the device can be integrated with microwave circuits and other printed circuit board components. It is the first time that a cross-guide coupler is implemented in ESIW technology. The designed, fabricated, and measured device presents good results as a matter of insertion loss of 1 dB (including transitions), reflection under 20 dB, coupling between 19.5 and 21.5 dB, and directivity higher than 15 dB over targeted frequency range from 12.4 GHz to 18 GHz. The coupler implemented in ESIW improves the directivity when compared to similar solutions in other empty substrate integrated waveguide solutions