Evaluation of implantation procedures for PIT tagging juvenile Nile tilapia

We evaluated three alternative procedures for tagging juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (1,9-13,7 g) with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags : injection with hypodermic syringe injectors (N=40) and abdominal surgery with or without suturing (N = 55 and 40, respectively). The survival of Nile tilapia tagged with injectors was low ( 10 -50 % at 10 d) and proportional to fish size because of the difficulty of controlling the penetration of the syringe into the intraperitoneal cavity following the piercing of the body wall. Surgically implanted fish had much higher survival rates (78 - 100 % at 10 d). Suturing reduced the risks of tag expulsion and protrusion of the viscera through the open incision within the first 3 d following surgery (10 % risk on the nonsuturated fish).Over the first 3 d after tagging tagged fish showed depressed growth rates (to a greater extend in smaller fish and proportionally greater in sutured fish) but showed normal growth later on.These results demonstrate that surgery is suitable for PIT-tagging small juvenile Nile tilapia, which offers opportunities for studies of individual performance

Influence of the sea breeze on the development of an Urban Boundary Layer (ESCOMPTE 2001).

(25-28 mars 2003)

Contribution of a profiler network in the monitoring of a polluted area

(2-4 février 2005

Validation par les mesures in situ turbulentes aéroportées de l'estimation de paramètres turbulents de couche limite par un profileur de vent UHF.

(8-9 février 2005

Trajectory derived from the 3D linear wind field retrieved by a wind-profiler mesoscale network

A key issue in the survey or analysis of pollution episodes lies in the documentation of the turbulent dispersion and transport of the pollutant in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Usually these processes are investigated with numerical modeling. Actually with the rapid development of UHF wind profilers able to provide wind components, turbulent variables, mixing height with a fine time and vertical resolution in the ABL, we can expect in a very near future the set up of regional profiler networks devoted to real time pollution monitoring. Toward this expectation we present and discuss a methodology, based on measurements made by a wind-profiler mesoscale network, which retrieves the 3D wind field (linear part) used to derive any type of air parcel trajectories. The technique is applied to observations collected during the ESCOMPTE campaign, devoted to pollution studies, which took place in France in the early summer 2001 in the Marseille region, along the Mediterranean coast. In situ aircraft measurements and constant volume balloon trajectories are used to compare and verify the performance of this based-radar methodology during sea and land breeze events. These cases studies, characterized by rapid temporal evolution and important spatial variations of the atmospheric fields, are particularly instructive in the analysis of the potentiality of the techniqu

The oscillating sea-breeze observed in the vicinity of Marseille: theory and observations

(2-4 février)

Wind and Temperature Profiles in the Radix Layer: The Bottom Fifth of the Convective Boundary Layer.

In the middle of the convective atmospheric boundary layer is often a deep layer of vertically uniform wind speed (MUL), wind direction, and potential temperature (θUL). A radix layer is identified as the whole region below this uniform layer, which includes the classic surface layer as a shallower subdomain. An empirical wind speed (M) equation with an apparently universal shape exponent (A) is shown to cause observations from the 1973 Minnesota field experiment to collapse into a single similarity profile, with a correlation coefficient of roughly 0.99. This relationship is M/MUL = F(z/zR), where F is the profile function, z is height above ground, and zR is depth of the radix layer. The profile function is F = (z/zR)A exp[A(1 − z/zR)] in the radix layer (z/zR 1), and F = 1 in the uniform layer (zR < z < 0.7zi). The radix-layer equations might be of value for calculation of wind power generation, wind loading on buildings and bridges, and air pollutant transport. The same similarity function F with a different radix-layer depth and shape exponent is shown to describe the potential temperature (θ) profile: (θ − θUL)/(θ0 − θUL) = 1 − F(z/zR), where θ0 is the potential temperature of the air near the surface. These profile equations are applicable from 1 m above ground level to the midmixed layer and include the little-studied region above the surface layer but below the uniform layer. It is recommended that similarity profiles be formulated as mean wind or potential temperature versus height, rather than as shears or gradients versus height because shear expressions disguise errors that are revealed when the shear is integrated to get the speed profile. Copyright [date of publication] American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or [email protected], Faculty ofEarth and Ocean Sciences, Department ofReviewedFacult