Fukushima plutonium effect and blow-up regimes in neutron-multiplying media

It is shown that the capture and fission cross-sections of 238U and 239Pu increase with temperature within 1000-3000 K range, in contrast to those of 235U, that under certain conditions may lead to the so-called blow-up modes, stimulating the anomalous neutron flux and nuclear fuel temperature growth. Some features of the blow-up regimes in neutron-multiplying media are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. (v2: numerous corrections and style improvements). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1207.369

The kinematics and chemical stratification of the Type Ia supernova remnant 0519-69.0

We present an analysis of the XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray data of the young Type Ia supernova remnant 0519-69.0 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We used data from both the Chandra ACIS and XMM-Newton EPIC-MOS instruments, and high resolution X-ray spectra obtained with the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer. The Chandra data show that there is a radial stratification of oxygen, intermediate mass elements and iron, with the emission from more massive elements more toward the center. Using a deprojection technique we measure a forward shock radius of 4.0(3) pc and a reverse shock radius of 2.7(4) pc. We took the observed stratification of the shocked ejecta into account in the modeling of the X-ray spectra with multi-component NEI models, with the components corresponding to layers dominated by one or two elements. An additional component was added in order to represent the ISM, which mostly contributed to the continuum emission. This model fits the data well, and was also employed to characterize the spectra of distinct regions extracted from the Chandra data. From our spectral analysis we find that the fractional masses of shocked ejecta for the most abundant elements are: M(O)=32%, M(Si/S)=7%/5%, M(Ar+Ca)=1%, and M(Fe) = 55%. From the continuum component we derive a circumstellar density of nH= 2.4(2)/cm^3. This density, together with the measurements of the forward and reverse shock radii suggest an age of 450+/-200 yr,somewhat lower than, but consistent with the estimate based on the optical light echo (600+/-200 yr). From the RGS spectra we measured a Doppler broadening of sigma=1873+/-50 km/s, from implying a forward shock velocity of vS = 2770+/-500 km/s. We discuss the results in the context of single degenerate explosion models, using semi-analytical and numerical modeling, and compare the characteristics of 0519-69.0 with those of other Type Ia supernova remnants.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics in press. This version is the A&A accepted version, which contains improved figures and an extended discussion sectio

The Message Design Logics of Responses to HIV Disclosures

This article uses the theory of message design logics to investigate the relative sophistication of responses to disclosure of HIV status. In Study 1, 548 college students imagined a sibling revealing an HIV-positive diagnosis. Their responses to the HIV disclosures were coded as expressive (n= 174), conventional (n= 298), or rhetorical (n= 66). Type of message produced was associated with gender and HIV aversion. In Study 2, 459 individuals living with HIV rated response messages that were taken verbatim from Study 1. Expressive messages were rated lowest in quality, and rhetorical messages were rated highest. The discussion focuses on the utility of message design logics for understanding responses to HIV disclosures and the implications for message design logics

Environmental and Technological Problems of Rational Use of Secondary Resources for Processing Grapes

Rational use of grapes processing resources is among environmental problems of AIC of Republics of the North Caucasus and Krasnodar Territory. Currently, waste from grapes processing is not practically used and worsen the ecological state of environment. The research subject is a technology based on the production of cryo-powder from pulp, squeeze, seeds and grapes skin grown in the foothill and mountainous regions. The prerequisites for research were previously performed author works on related topics. The data on vacuum SHF-drying of grape raw materials and subsequent grinding in a cryomiller are given. Modes of preparation of grape raw materials and its subsequent dehydration and cryo-grinding, which provide the possibility of successful use in the dried state in the production technology of wine beverages, are proposed. The principal feature is the use of whole grapes as a raw material, with skin and seeds. Physico-chemical parameters, the content of phenolic substances and organoleptic characteristics of wine beverages made according to the traditional technology and the beverage made from grape cryo-powders are studied. A comparative assessment is made. It is established that vacuum SHF-drying contributes to better preservation of the properties of raw materials and finished products. The organoleptic assessment has shown that wine beverages developed according to the proposed technology had a more intense color and a more pronounced taste of sweetness and acid than traditional wine beverages. The advantage of this technology is the ability to transport grape cryo-powders in unregulated temperature conditions to any point close to the consumer and carry out the production of nutritional food there

INTEGRAL Observations of SS433: Analysis of Precessional and Orbital X-ray Periodicities

Hard X-ray INT observations of SS 433 carried out during 2003-2005 years with an analysis of precessional and orbital variability is presented. The width of X-ray eclipse in the 25-50 keV range at the precessional phase $\psi=0.1$ (accretion disk is open to observer) is higher than that in the Ginga 18.4-27.6 keV range. This fact suggests existance the presence of hot extended corona around the supercritical accretion disk. Spectrum of hard X-rays in the range 10-200 keV does not change with the precessional phase which also suggests that hard X-ray flux is generated in the hot extended corona around the accretion disk. The parameters of this hot corona are: kT=23-25 keV, \tau = 1.8-2.8. Mass ratio estimated from the analysis of the ingress part of the eclipse light curve is in the range q=m_x/m_v=0.3-0.5.Comment: 5 pages, 10 figure

Modern criteria for demarcated mental norm and mental pathology

The article describes the complexity of modern theoretical and practical approaches to the understanding of mental health and disease. Nozotsentrichesky and normotsentrichesky approaches are analyzed. The possibility of the use of general medical criteria dichotomy «norm/pathology» is discussed. From the standpoint of the modern paradigm of biopsychosocial unity of man analyzes the specificity criteria of mental norms of social and ethnocultural conditions. It describes the current criteria for the analysis - the presumption of mental health

КРИТЕРИИ МЕТАСТАТИЧЕСКОГО ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКИХ УЗЛОВ ПРИ РАКЕ ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ ПО ДАННЫМ МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ

Introduction. The state of pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes is an important prognostic factor for cervical cancer. Lymph node size is the most widely used CT and MR criteria for assessing lymph node status. Lymph nodes measuring more than 1cm in the short axis diameter are considered malignant. However this criterion (nodal size) is not foolproof because of a high percentage of diagnostic errors. The purpose of the study was to develop objective MRI criteria for assessing lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer by measuring the short- and the long-axis diameters of lymph nodes, short axis/long axis ratio (configuration index) and to evaluate their diagnostic value. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 31 patients with histologically confirmed cervical cancer, who underwent radical surgery with standard lymph node dissection. Sixty removed lymph nodes were evaluated. MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5 T scanner in T2- weighted images (T2-WI), T1-WI and T2 weighted sequences with fatty tissue signal suppressing and diffusionweighted MRI. Results. Lymph nodes measuring ≥0.8 cm in the short axis diameter were considered suspicious for metastatic disease. The sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff of ≥0.8cm were 68 % (CI 48.3‑82.9) and 80 % (CI 63.8‑90.3), respectively; the positive and negative predictive values were 71 % and 78 %, respectively; and the accuracy was 75 % (CI 62.7‑84.3). The short axis/long axis ratio (configuration index) of <1.47 indicated a likelihood of pathology in the lymph node. The absence of the hypointense signal from the fatty hilum of lymph nodes was considered as a predictor of lymph node metastasis. The analysis of this criterion showed 80 % sensitivity (CI 60.4‑91.6), 85.7 % specificity (60.4‑91.6), 80 % PPV, 85.1 % NPV and 83.3 % accuracy (CI 60.4‑91.6). Conclusion. Lymph node size of ≥0.8 cm in the short axis diameter and the short axis/long axis ratio (configuration index) of <1.47 appeared to be significant MRI criteria in the assessment of lymph node metastasis. The additional use of MRI criterion such as the absence of the hypointense signal from the fatty hilum of the lymph node made it possible to improve diagnostic accuracy up to 92 % (CI 80.9–97.4).Состояние тазовых и забрюшинных лимфатических узлов является важнейшим прогностическим фактором при раке шейки матки (РШМ). Для оценки метастатического поражения лимфатических узлов с помощью МРТ и КТ традиционно используют параметр – увеличение лимфатического узла по короткой оси более 1 см. Однако данный критерий (размер) обусловливает высокий процент диагностических ошибок. Цель исследования – разработать объективные МРТ-критерии метастатического поражения ЛУ при РШМ путём анализа линейного размера лимфатического узла по короткой и длинной оси, соотношения размера по длинной и короткой оси ЛУ (индекса конфигурации), а также нарушения зональности ЛУ (соотношения центральной и периферической зон ЛУ) и определить их диагностическую эффективность. Материал и методы. В проспективное исследование включены данные 31 пациентки с гистологически подтвержденным диагнозом РШМ, которым было выполнено радикальное хирургическое лечение со стандартной лимфодиссекцией. Анализу подверглись 60 удаленных лимфатических узлов. МРТ выполняли на магнитно-резонансных томографах 1,5Т с применением импульсных последовательностей: Т2-взвешенные изображения (ВИ), Т1-ВИ, Т2-ВИ с подавлением сигнала от жировой ткани и диффузионно-взвешенной МРТ. результаты. В проведенном исследовании параметр размера узла по короткой оси ≥0,8 см рассматривается как критерий вероятности метастатического поражения. Чувствительность и специфичность при данном пороговом уровне (≥0,8 см) составили 68,0 % (ДИ 48,3–82,9) и 80,0 % (ДИ 63,8–90,3) соответственно, ППЗ – 71 %, НПЗ – 78 %, точность – 75 % (ДИ 62,7–84,3). Соотношение размера по длинной и короткой оси ЛУ (индекса конфигурации) менее 1,47 принято как вероятность метастатического поражения. Чувствительность и специфичность при данном пороговом уровне составили 80,0 % (ДИ 60,4–91,6) и 77,1 % (ДИ 70,2–94,2) соответственно, ППЗ соответствует 71,4 %, НПЗ – 84,4 %, точность – 78,3 % (ДИ 71,8–90,9). Отсутствие гипоинтенсивного сигнала от жировых ворот ЛУ при использовании последовательности с подавлением сигнала от жировой ткани свидетельствовало в пользу метастатического поражения. По результатам анализа данного критерия чувствительность и специфичность составили 80 % (ДИ 60,4–91,6) и 85,7 % (ДИ 60,4–91,6), соответственно, ППЗ – 80 %, НПЗ – 85,7 %, точность – 83,3 % (ДИ 60,4–91,6). Заключение. Критерии размера ЛУ оказались значимыми при значении линейного размера ЛУ по короткой оси больше или равным 0,8 см и индексе конфигурации (соотношении размера по длинной и короткой оси ЛУ) менее 1,47. Дополнительное использование такого МРТ-критерия, как отсутствие гипоинтенсивного сигнала от жировых ворот ЛУ, позволило повысить точность диагностики до 92 % (ДИ 80,9–97,4)