180 research outputs found
Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Asian American Studentsâ Suicidal Ideation: A Multi-Campus, National Study
The purpose of this study was to examine risk and protective factors associated with suicidal
ideation among 1,377 Asian American college studentsâ across 66 campuses. The results
indicated that medication for mental health concerns, gender, GPA, undergraduate status,
religious affiliation, living with a family member, living with a partner, and active participation
in student organizations were associated with morbid thoughts. Furthermore, medication for
mental health concerns, undergraduate status, living with family, and active participation in
student organizations were related to serious consideration of suicide. Among Asian Americans
who seriously considered suicide in the past 12 months, recent family, academic, and financial
problems were the top three most frequently endorsed events occurring before the development
of suicidal ideation
William (Bill) Peterson's contributions to ocean science, management, and policy
Š The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Schwing, F. B., Sissenwine, M. J., Batchelder, H., Dam, H. G., Gomez-Gutierrez, J., Keister, J. E., Liu, H., & Peterson, J. O. William (Bill) Peterson's contributions to ocean science, management, and policy. Progress in Oceanography, 182, (2020): 102241, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102241.In addition to being an esteemed marine ecologist and oceanographer, William T. (Bill) Peterson was a dedicated public servant, a leader in the ocean science community, and a mentor to a generation of scientists. Bill recognized the importance of applied science and the need for integrated âbig scienceâ programs to advance our understanding of ecosystems and to guide their management. As the first US GLOBEC program manager, he was pivotal in transitioning the concept of understanding how climate change impacts marine ecosystems to an operational national research program. The scientific insight and knowledge generated by US GLOBEC informed and advanced the ecosystem-based management approaches now being implemented for fishery management in the US. Bill held significant leadership roles in numerous international efforts to understand global and regional ecological processes, and organized and chaired a number of influential scientific conferences and their proceedings. He was passionate about working with and training young researchers. Billâs academic affiliations, notably at Stony Brook and Oregon State Universities, enabled him to advise, train, and mentor a host of students, post-doctoral researchers, and laboratory technicians. Under his collegial guidance they became critical independent thinkers and diligent investigators. His former students and colleagues carry on Bill Petersonâs legacy of research that helps us understand marine ecosystems and informs more effective resource stewardship and conservation
Function and flexibility of object exploration in kea and New Caledonian crows
Data collection with the New Caledonian crows was funded by an International Seedcorn Award from the University of York to M.L.L. This study was supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship (A.H.T.). Our data are deposited at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dq04j [48].A range of non-human animals frequently manipulate and explore objects in their environment, which may enable them to learn about physical properties and potentially form more abstract concepts of properties such as weight and rigidity. Whether animals can apply the information learned during their exploration to solve novel problems, however, and whether they actually change their exploratory behavior to seek functional information about objects have not been fully explored. We allowed kea (Nestor notabilis) and New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) to explore sets of novel objects both before and after encountering a task in which some of the objects could function as tools. Following this, subjects were given test trials in which they could choose among the objects they had explored to solve a tool-use task. Several individuals from both species performed above chance on these test trials, and only did so after exploring the objects, compared with a control experiment with no prior exploration phase. These results suggest that selection of functional tools may be guided by information acquired during exploration. Neither kea nor crows changed the duration or quality of their exploration after learning that the objects had a functional relevance, suggesting that birds do not adjust their behavior to explicitly seek this information.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Complexity of Discrete Energy Minimization Problems
Discrete energy minimization is widely-used in computer vision and machine
learning for problems such as MAP inference in graphical models. The problem,
in general, is notoriously intractable, and finding the global optimal solution
is known to be NP-hard. However, is it possible to approximate this problem
with a reasonable ratio bound on the solution quality in polynomial time? We
show in this paper that the answer is no. Specifically, we show that general
energy minimization, even in the 2-label pairwise case, and planar energy
minimization with three or more labels are exp-APX-complete. This finding rules
out the existence of any approximation algorithm with a sub-exponential
approximation ratio in the input size for these two problems, including
constant factor approximations. Moreover, we collect and review the
computational complexity of several subclass problems and arrange them on a
complexity scale consisting of three major complexity classes -- PO, APX, and
exp-APX, corresponding to problems that are solvable, approximable, and
inapproximable in polynomial time. Problems in the first two complexity classes
can serve as alternative tractable formulations to the inapproximable ones.
This paper can help vision researchers to select an appropriate model for an
application or guide them in designing new algorithms.Comment: ECCV'16 accepte
What determines the spatial pattern in summer upwelling trends on the U.S. West Coast?
Author Posting. Š American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 117 (2012): C08012, doi:10.1029/2012JC008016.Analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) from coastal buoys suggests that the summertime over-shelf water temperature off the U.S. West Coast has been declining during the past 30 years at an average rate of â0.19°C decadeâ1. This cooling trend manifests itself more strongly off south-central California than off Oregon and northern California. The variability and trend in the upwelling north of off San Francisco are positively correlated with those of the equatorward wind, indicating a role of offshore Ekman transport in the north. In contrast, Ekman pumping associated with wind stress curls better explains the stronger and statistically more significant cooling trend in the south. While the coast-wide variability and trend in SST are strongly correlated with those of large-scale modes of climate variability, they in general fail to explain the southward intensification of the trend in SST and wind stress curl. This result suggests that the local wind stress curl, often topographically forced, may have played a role in the upwelling trend pattern.H.S. acknowledges the WHOI supports
from the Coastal Research Fund in Support of Scientific Staff, the Penzance
Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists, and the Andrew W.
Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research. K.B. and C.E.
acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation through grants
OCE-1059632 and OCE 1061434.2013-03-0
Variability of coastal and ocean water temperature in the upper 700 m along the western Iberian Peninsula from 1975 to 2006
Temperature is observed to have different trends at coastal and ocean locations along the western Iberian Peninsula from 1975 to 2006, which corresponds to the last warming period in the area under study. The analysis was carried out by means of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA). Reanalysis data are available at monthly scale with a horizontal resolution of 0.5° à 0.5° and a vertical resolution of 40 levels, which allows obtaining information beneath the sea surface. Only the first 21 vertical levels (from 5.0 m to 729.35 m) were considered here, since the most important changes in heat content observed for the world ocean during the last decades, correspond to the upper 700 m. Warming was observed to be considerably higher at ocean locations than at coastal ones. Ocean warming ranged from values on the order of 0.3 °C dec(-1) near surface to less than 0.1 °C dec(-1) at 500 m, while coastal warming showed values close to 0.2 °C dec(-1) near surface, decreasing rapidly below 0.1 °C dec(-1) for depths on the order of 50 m. The heat content anomaly for the upper 700 m, showed a sharp increase from coast (0.46 Wm(-2)) to ocean (1.59 Wm(-2)). The difference between coastal and ocean values was related to the presence of coastal upwelling, which partially inhibits the warming from surface of near shore water.publishe
Enabling real-time multi-messenger astrophysics discoveries with deep learning
Multi-messenger astrophysics is a fast-growing, interdisciplinary field that combines data, which vary in volume and speed of data processing, from many different instruments that probe the Universe using different cosmic messengers: electromagnetic waves, cosmic rays, gravitational waves and neutrinos. In this Expert Recommendation, we review the key challenges of real-time observations of gravitational wave sources and their electromagnetic and astroparticle counterparts, and make a number of recommendations to maximize their potential for scientific discovery. These recommendations refer to the design of scalable and computationally efficient machine learning algorithms; the cyber-infrastructure to numerically simulate astrophysical sources, and to process and interpret multi-messenger astrophysics data; the management of gravitational wave detections to trigger real-time alerts for electromagnetic and astroparticle follow-ups; a vision to harness future developments of machine learning and cyber-infrastructure resources to cope with the big-data requirements; and the need to build a community of experts to realize the goals of multi-messenger astrophysics
Recommended from our members
Synthesis of Pacific Ocean Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics
The goal of the Pacific Ocean Boundary Ecosystem and Climate Study
(POBEX) was to diagnose the large-scale climate controls on regional transport
dynamics and lower trophic marine ecosystem variability in Pacific Ocean boundary
systems. An international team of collaborators shared observational and eddy-resolving
modeling data sets collected in the Northeast Pacific, including the Gulf of
Alaska (GOA) and the California Current System (CCS), the Humboldt or Peru-Chile
Current System (PCCS), and the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) region. POBEX
investigators found that a dominant fraction of decadal variability in basin- and
regional-scale salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll, and zooplankton taxa is explained by a
newly discovered pattern of ocean-climate variability dubbed the North Pacific Gyre
Oscillation (NPGO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). NPGO dynamics
are driven by atmospheric variability in the North Pacific and capture the decadal
expression of Central Pacific El NiĂąos in the extratropics, much as the PDO captures
the low-frequency expression of eastern Pacific El NiĂąos. By combining hindcasts
of eddy-resolving ocean models over the period 1950â2008 with model passive
tracers and long-term observations (e.g., CalCOFI, Line-P, Newport Hydrographic
Line, Odate Collection), POBEX showed that the PDO and the NPGO combine to
control low-frequency upwelling and alongshore transport dynamics in the North
Pacific sector, while the eastern Pacific El NiĂąo dominates in the South Pacific.
Although different climate modes have different regional expressions, changes in
vertical transport (e.g., upwelling) were found to explain the dominant nutrient and
phytoplankton variability in the CCS, GOA, and PCCS, while changes in alongshore
transport forced much of the observed long-term change in zooplankton species
composition in the KOE as well as in the northern and southern CCS. In contrast,
cross-shelf transport dynamics were linked to mesoscale eddy activity, driven by
regional-scale dynamics that are largely decoupled from variations associated with
the large-scale climate modes. Preliminary findings suggest that mesoscale eddies
play a key role in offshore transport of zooplankton and impact the life cycles of
higher trophic levels (e.g., fish) in the CCS, PCCS, and GOA. Looking forward,
POBEX results may guide the development of new modeling and observational
strategies to establish mechanistic links among climate forcing, mesoscale circulation,
and marine population dynamics
- âŚ