Development and Dissemination: Deliberations on Spanish Renaissance Music

Throughout history, every musical culture grew and developed under a specific set of influences, whether political, philosophical, or geographical. Varying sets of influences created likewise varying types of music. Spanish music, in particular, enjoyed an especially unique array of influences during the fifteenth century. My presentation explores these influences. How did the interaction of Spain’s three major religions—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism—affect musical development? How did the newly unified government, ruled by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, influence the musical culture? How did Spain’s discovery and conquest of the New World facilitate the spread of Spanish music beyond its borders? These three factors made Spain distinct from other Western nations during the fifteenth century. In my presentation, I first describe the interaction of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. This synergy created a rich, collaborative community of shared musical ideas, prompting the development of both sacred and secular genres. Next, I address the influence that Spain’s unified government exerted on the musical culture. Historically, politics have played a substantial role in the development of music. Spain is distinctive in this respect because most other nations during this time were not unified under one ruler, whereas Spain was. This unique governmental structure in turn affected the musical culture. Lastly, I will explain how the spread of Spanish music and its interaction with native tribes in America impacted its development, both within and outside Spain’s borders. Spain was particularly poised to both exert their influence and be influenced by the different people groups they encountered in the New World. These three factors would create a uniquely Spanish music culture

Bibliography of the Fishes of the Beaufort Sea

This bibliography was prepared to serve as a reference base for further studies in the area, particularly as related to the impact of petroleum exploratory activities on the fish fauna. Included are all discovered references dealing with fishes of the Beaufort Sea and/or immediately adjacent regions. Streams of the arctic coast of North America have been included, since these are important to the anadromous fishes of the area. A number of Russian references containing information on the distribution, utilization, biology, etc, of Beaufort Sea species in Russian waters have also been included. Preparation of the bibliography was supported by the Bureau of Land Management through interagency agreement with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under which a multi-year program responding to needs of petroleum development of the Alaskan continental shelf is managed by the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP) office. It represents the final report for Contract No. 03-5-022-56, Task Order No. 16, Research Unit No. 348, Dr. James E. Morrow, principal investigator. I acknowledge with many thanks the kind assistance and cooperation received from librarians and others at the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks, Anchorage and Juneau: National Marine Fisheries Service, Juneau and Seattle; Suzalow Library and Fisheries Library, University of Washington, Seattle; Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; and the Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center, Anchorage. In particular, I would like to thank Ms Dorothy Lunsfor, ADF and G, Juneau; Ms Patti Brommelsiek and Dr. Eugene Buck, AEIDC, Anchorage, for their help and encouragement

Development and Dissemination: Deliberations on Spanish Renaissance Music

Throughout history, every musical culture grew and developed under a specific set of influences, whether political, philosophical, or geographical. Varying sets of influences created likewise varying types of music. Spanish music, in particular, enjoyed an especially unique array of influences during the fifteenth century. My presentation explores these influences. How did the interaction of Spain’s three major religions—Christianity, Islam, and Judaism—affect musical development? How did the newly unified government, ruled by Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, influence the musical culture? How did Spain’s discovery and conquest of the New World facilitate the spread of Spanish music beyond its borders? These three factors made Spain distinct from other Western nations during the fifteenth century. In my presentation, I first describe the interaction of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. This synergy created a rich, collaborative community of shared musical ideas, prompting the development of both sacred and secular genres. Next, I address the influence that Spain’s unified government exerted on the musical culture. Historically, politics have played a substantial role in the development of music. Spain is distinctive in this respect because most other nations during this time were not unified under one ruler, whereas Spain was. This unique governmental structure in turn affected the musical culture. Lastly, I will explain how the spread of Spanish music and its interaction with native tribes in America impacted its development, both within and outside Spain’s borders. Spain was particularly poised to both exert their influence and be influenced by the different people groups they encountered in the New World. These three factors would create a uniquely Spanish music culture

A master clock for the Speed School impulse clock system using WWV time information

Since approximately February of 1979, the Speed School impulse clock system has not functioned due to a worn-out master clock that was never replaced because of a lack of fund. For this thesis project, a solid-state master clock that performs the same functions as the old mechanical master clock was built for less than $200. The new clock features accuracy traceable to the National Bureau of Standards, automatic reset after a power-down and subsequent power-up, and a daylight savings time provision. A decoder that recovers time information broadcast by radio station WWV from Fort Collins, Colorado was built and interfaced to the master clock to provide the accuracy traceable to the National Bureau of Standards

Gunnera herteri - developmental morphology of a dwarf from Uruguay and S Brazil (Gunneraceae)

Abstract.: New morphological and developmental observations are presented of Gunnera herteri (subgenus Ostenigunnera) which is, according to molecular studies, sister to the other species of Gunnera. It is an annual dwarf (up to 4 cm long) whereas the other Gunnera spp. are perennial and slightly to extremely larger. External stem glands are combined with channels into the stem cortex serving as entrance path for symbiotic Nostoc cells. Young stem zones show globular regions of cytoplasm-rich cortex cells, prepared for invasion by Nostoc. The leaf axils contain 2-5 inconspicuous colleters (glandular scales) which can be taken as homologous to the more prominent scales of G. manicata (subg. Panke) and G. macrophylla (subg. Pseudogunnera). Foliage leaves of G. herteri have tooth-like sheath lobes which may be homologous to stipules. Adult plants have extra-axillary inflorescences arising from leaf nodes. The main stem is interpreted as a chain of sympodial units, each one consisting of a leaf and an extra-axillary inflorescence. This "sympodium hypothesis” may be also valid for other species of Gunnera. Each globular inflorescence of G. herteri contains several female flowers and 2-7 stamens at the top, perhaps equalling a single male flower. There are neither bracts nor bracteoles. The ovary is inferior, bicarpellary and unilocular. Its single hanging ovule develops into a dry and endosperm-rich see

Electromagnetic Energy, Momentum, and Angular Momentum in an Inhomogeneous Linear Dielectric

In a previous work, Optics Communications 284 (2011) 2460--2465, we considered a dielectric medium with an anti-reflection coating and a spatially uniform index of refraction illuminated at normal incidence by a quasimonochromatic field. Using the continuity equations for the electromagnetic energy density and the Gordon momentum density, we constructed a traceless, symmetric energy--momentum tensor for the closed system. In this work, we relax the condition of a uniform index of refraction and consider a dielectric medium with a spatially varying index of refraction that is independent of time, which essentially represents a mechanically rigid dielectric medium due to external constraints. Using continuity equations for energy density and for Gordon momentum density, we construct a symmetric energy--momentum matrix, whose four-divergence is equal to a generalized Helmholtz force density four-vector. Assuming that the energy-momentum matrix has tensor transformation properties under a symmetry group of space-time coordinate transformations, we derive the global conservation laws for the total energy, momentum, and angular momentum.Comment: added publication informatio