Unveiling the Antifouling Performance of Different Marine Surfaces and Their Effect on the Development and Structure of Cyanobacterial Biofilms

Since biofilm formation by microfoulers significantly contributes to the fouling process, it is important to evaluate the performance of marine surfaces to prevent biofilm formation, as well as understand their interactions with microfoulers and how these affect biofilm development and structure. In this study, the long-term performance of five surface materials-glass, perspex, polystyrene, epoxy-coated glass, and a silicone hydrogel coating-in inhibiting biofilm formation by cyanobacteria was evaluated. For this purpose, cyanobacterial biofilms were developed under controlled hydrodynamic conditions typically found in marine environments, and the biofilm cell number, wet weight, chlorophyll a content, and biofilm thickness and structure were assessed after 49 days. In order to obtain more insight into the effect of surface properties on biofilm formation, they were characterized concerning their hydrophobicity and roughness. Results demonstrated that silicone hydrogel surfaces were effective in inhibiting cyanobacterial biofilm formation. In fact, biofilms formed on these surfaces showed a lower number of biofilm cells, chlorophyll a content, biofilm thickness, and percentage and size of biofilm empty spaces compared to remaining surfaces. Additionally, our results demonstrated that the surface properties, together with the features of the fouling microorganisms, have a considerable impact on marine biofouling potential

Physicochemical parameters, bioactive components and antioxidant capacity of whey-grape juice beverage.

Food: the tree that sustains life. 872

MELKERSSON-ROSENTHAL SYNDROME

A síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal é composta pela tríade: língua plicata, paralisia facial intermitente e edema orofacial. O achado dominante e mais precoce é o edema orofacial. Desta forma, o dermatologista é frequentemente o primeiro profissional a ter contato com o paciente. A condição tem sido pouco descrita em revistas dermatológicas. Apresentamos um caso clássico da tríade completa.The Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome is composed of the Triad: linqua plicata, intermittent facial palsy and orofacial swelling. Usually, the dominant and earliest finding of the syndrome is the orofacial swelling. Therefore, it’s frequently the dermatologist the first professional to have contact with the patient. Yet, the condition has been few times described in dermatological literature. We present a classical case of the complete triad

CONHECIMENTO DE ENFEMEIRAS SOBRE A CRIANÇA COM DOENÇA FALCIFORME

Sickle cell disease is one of the most prevalent monogenic hereditary diseases in Brazil and in the world, therefore, a public health problem. Objective: To know the perception of nurses about sickle cell disease in pediatrics. Method: Convergent-Assistance qualitative research, which occurred in a public pediatric hospital in the interior of Bahia, in which 12 emergency nurses participated, data production took place between July 2020 and April 2021, after submission the Ethics Committee. The data collection techniques were: survey of knowledge through semi-structured interviews, convergence groups and participant observation. The data were analyzed according to the referential of the Convergent-Assistance Research and its phases: conception, instrumentalization, theorization, transfer and analysis. Results: The results showed that nurses recognize the disease in its main biological manifestation, the pain crisis, which was cited as a striking characteristic of the child with sickle cell disease. Conclusion: Nurses working in the emergency of the research scenario recognize some aspects of sickle cell disease in pediatrics, revealed incipient knowledge about the pathophysiological aspects of the disease. Descriptors: Sickle Cell Disease; Emergencies; Pediatrics; Nursing.Objetivo: conhecer a percepção das enfermeiras sobre a criança com doença falciforme. Método: pesquisa qualitativa Convergente-Assistencial, ocorrida em hospital público pediátrico, da qual participaram 12 enfermeiras da emergência no período de julho de 2020 a abril de 2021, após submissão ao Comitê de Ética. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: sondagem do conhecimento por entrevista semiestruturada, grupos de convergência e observação participante. Os dados foram analisados conforme referencial da Pesquisa Convergente-Assistencial e suas fases, sendo elas concepção, instrumentalização, teorização, transferência e análise. Resultados: as enfermeiras reconheceram a doença pela principal manifestação clínica, a crise álgica, a qual foi citada como característica marcante da criança com doença falciforme. Considerações finais: as enfermeiras atuantes na emergência pediátrica conhecem alguns aspectos da doença falciforme e revelaram conhecimento incipiente sobre a fisiopatologia da doença. Descritores: Anemia Falciforme. Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência. Pediatria. Enfermagem. Conhecimento

Beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in the western Amazon, Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate the beverage quality of Coffea canephora genotypes in different environments of the western Amazon to assist plant selection and new cultivar development. To analyze beverage quality, samples of cherry coffee beans were collected separately for each genotype from clonal competition trials installed in the municipalities of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Alta Floresta do Oeste, Porto Velho, and Ariquemes in Rondônia State and Rio Branco in Acre State (Brazil). The beverage quality was assessed using the Robusta Cupping Protocol, which attribute to each genotype a score in a range from 0 to 100, highlighting nuances. Analysis of variance and principal components using reference points were used to quantify genotype x environment interaction (G x E). The analysis of variance indicated that genotypic and G x E interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01). By using a centroid dispersion method, we could identify four clones of low, eight of specific (to favorable or unfavorable environments), and seven of broad adaptability to the environments. The clones BRS 2314, 11, and 17 had average quality scores above 80 in all environments, with potential for specialty coffee production. The clones BRS 1216, BRS 3220, and BRS 3193 presented unstable behavior, with beans of higher quality in some of the evaluated environments. Such inconsistency in clone behavior is caused by unpredictable changes in plant performance in different environments. Our results indicate that both genotypic (clones) and G x E interaction effects are important for the expression of coffee beverage quality. However, the clones BRS 3213, BRS 3210, and BRS 2299 had less prominent nuances, with lower potential for specialty coffee production

A multibiomarker approach in the caged neotropical fish to assess the environment health in a river of central Brazilian Cerrado

Embargo until 19 August 2022.Water safety is a world-wide concern and several efforts have been made in order to ensure the conservation of aquatic ecosystems. Water quality monitoring must be performed with an integrated approach using biomonitor organisms allied to water parameters. Nonetheless, very few studies have focused on biomarker responses in neotropical fish, especially in the freshwater ecosystem of Brazilian Cerrado savanna. In present study, the active biomonitoring of the João Leite river (central Brazilian Cerrado river) was performed through the evaluation of biomarker responses in caged Astyanax lacustris in combination with land use classification and analysis of water parameters. Caged fish were exposed for seven days at four sites along the river and two control groups were kept in a tank under controlled conditions. Results showed that pasture was the predominant land use in the João Leite river basin (54.07%), followed by natural vegetation (34.92%) and other kind of land use (11.01%). Water analyses showed metal concentrations (Mn and Fe) above the maximum allowed by Brazilian regulation, with particularly higher concentrations at Site 2 (near to pasture area). Biomarker responses did not show significant differences for somatic and mutagenic biomarkers between sites. However, the comet assay showed high DNA damage at Sites 2 and 3, indicating genotoxic effects in caged fish at pasture areas. Histopathological analysis showed highest frequency of leukocyte infiltration in liver of fish from Site 2, confirming the ecotoxic effects on A. lacustris in streams impacted by grazing activities. DNA damage and leukocyte infiltration in fish hepatic tissues were sensitive biomarkers in the neotropical fish A. lacustris to assess the environment health of the Cerrado river. These results showed the importance of using a multibiomarker approach in environmental risk assessment, especially in areas more at risk from anthropogenic pollution.acceptedVersio

Morphological Aspects of the Superficial Lymph Nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla

Background: The giant anteater is a Xenarthra of the Myrmecophagidae family. It is classified in Brazil as vulnerable specie, however, in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul it is probably extinct. In an attempt to contribute to the preservation of the species, many injured animals are referred for treatment and rehabilitation, but the lack of information about morphology may hinder a more efficient clinical-surgical approach. The knowledge on the topography, dimensions and morphology of lymph nodes of a given species is essential for medical practice. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the general morphology of the superficial lymph nodes of Myrmecophaga tridactyla.Materials, Methods & Results: Ten cadavers of adult Myrmecophaga tridactyla were used in this study. They were fixed and preserved with 10% formaldehyde solution and dissected throughout their length to locate their superficial lymph nodes. Lymph nodes of each center were removed for mesoscopic analysis. Measurements of width, length and thickness were obtained by a digital caliper. The superficial lymph nodes observed in the head were the mandibular and the intermandibular, while in the neck were identified superficial cervical and deep cervical lymph nodes. In the thoracic limbs, the axillary and the axillary accessory lymph nodes were present. In the pelvic limbs just one lymph node, the femoral, was observed, located in the thick subcutaneous fascia of the medial surface of the thigh. The main anatomical differences found in the lymph nodes of M. tridactyla are the absence of parotid, popliteal and subiliac lymph nodes and the presence of intermandibular lymph nodes and the developed femoral lymph nodes, which are unique in the pelvic limbs of this species. Moreover, some superficial lymph nodes were formed by several small lymph nodes, forming clusters, as observed in the proper and accessory axillary and femoral lymph nodes.Discussion: The lymph nodes of the head, neck and forelimbs of the M. tridactyla followed the pattern observed in domestic animals and rats, while the morphological pattern of the lymph nodes of the head and the hindlimb differed from that described in domestic animals. Different from the dogs and ruminants where a range of superficial lymph nodes can be normally palpated, such as the mandibular; retropharyngeal; superficial cervical; subiliac; popliteal; mammary and superficial inguinal, only the femoral lymph nodes are palpable in M. tridactyla. The main reasons for this are the greater thickness of the skin and the absence of certain classic lymphocytes in the anteater. The peculiar anatomical features of the head and neck of M. tridactyla may have induced changes in the lymph centers of these regions when compared to the morphologic pattern of the terrestrial mammals in general. The lymph drainage of the neck, forelimbs and trunk wall was considered to be similar to that of dog, since there is equivalence of lymph nodes between these two species. The lymphatic afferents of the abdominal wall, gluteal region and hindlimbs are probably directed to the large femoral lymph nodes, which differs from domestic animals, whose lymph are mainly drained to the subiliac, ischiatic and popliteal lymph nodes. The anatomical differences related to the number, size and topography of the lymph nodes observed in M. tridactyla may be relevant in the medical procedures of this species

Grupos funcionais da macrofauna e macroporos do solo em sistemas agroflorestais da amazônia central.

As relações entre a macrofauna por grupo funcional sobre as propriedades e processos do solo, são essenciais, para o manejo da fertilidade biológica do solo sob os agroecossistemas tropicais. Neste estudo foram avaliadas: a relação entre a biomassa dos principais grupos funcionais da macrofauna e o volume dos macroporos do solo ao redor do caule da área de influência das árvores componentes de dois Sistemas Agroflorestais e Capoeiras adjacentes. Os métodos empregados foram: (i) macrofauna monólito TSBF; (ii) macroporos amostras com estrutura indeformada de solo. Os resultados: (i) A biomassa dos decompositores foi positivamente correlacionada com o volume dos macroporos do solo de 0-15 cm; (iii) A biomassa total da macrofauna foi o segundo melhor grupo correlacionado com o volume dos macroporos do solo, principalmente com a primeira camada (0-5 cm); (iv) A biomassa dos engenheiros-do-solo não foi apresentou correlação significativa com o volume dos macroporos das três profundidades; porém, seus níveis mantiveram a mesma tendência positiva de correlação registrada pelos grupos decompositores e a da macrofauna total. Contudo, a macrofauna total e há dois grupos funcionais avaliados foram positivas, e em alguns casos, significativamente correlacionadas com o volume dos macroporos do solo de 0-15 cm de profundidade ao redor destas

Disfunções da microbiota gastrointestinal e o desenvolvimento de transtornos comportamentais / Dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the development of behavioral disorders

A microbiota intestinal é composta por variados tipos de bactérias e desenvolve papel essencial no funcionamento do organismo humano, como modulação do sistema imune e absorção de nutrientes, sendo considerada essencial para o estado de homeostase no organismo, assim parte importante na operação do eixo bilateral cérebro-intestino. No passado seria um equívoco dizer que o microbiota intestinal viria a ser explicação do humor dos indivíduos, mas atualmente sabe-se que tem papel importante mesmo que ainda pouco compreendido. Este artigo buscou investigar a influência e relação da microbiota intestinal com o desenvolvimento dos transtornos comportamentais, uma vez que compreender esse processo é essencial para o estabelecimento de alternativas diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Foram analisados dados de 20 artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2021 quanto aos mecanismos que impactam na disbiose intestinal e o potencial terapêutico de terapias alternativas com pré e probióticos. Como comprovam alguns estudos, indivíduos que sofrem de disbiose intestinal e são acometidos por transtornos comportamentais podem ser abordados por estratégias nutricionais para minimizar os impactos desse desequilíbrio. Apesar da ainda atual necessidade de mais ensaios clínicos em humanos, conclui-se que a inter-relação entre a ocorrência e fisiopatologia de disbioses e transtornos comportamentais é expressiva