The gene expression profile of the glucocorticoid receptor 1 (gr1) but not gr2 is modulated in mucosal tissues of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) exposed to acute air-exposure stress

The perception of an acute stressor (short-duration; high-intensity) induces a physiological response that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and the subsequent release of cortisol. Cortisol carries out its effect at the molecular level through its recognition by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Recently, we unveiled the nucleotide sequence of the glucocorticoid receptor 1 (gr1) and gr2 in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Importantly, GR1 and GR2 respond to different levels of cortisol concentration in fish and, consequently, play a differential role in the stress response. To date, and despite their relevance, no data describes the modulation of these receptors in response to an acute stressor in gilthead sea bream (S. aurata). In this study, we evaluated the kinetics of modulation of cortisol receptors expression (gr1, gr2, mr), and its similarity with the expression pattern of selected genes associated with stress (hsp70; enolase) and immune response (lysozyme; c3; il-1 beta; tnf-alpha; il-10; tgf-beta 1) in gilthead sea bream mucosal tissues (skin; gills; anterior gut). To do it, fish were acutely stressed by three-minute air exposure, and the expression profile was evaluated at zero, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h post-stress (hps). The cortisol level in plasma and skin mucus peaked at 1 hps. All the mucosal tissues showed a time-dependent and tissue-specific upregulation of gr1 and mr. The immune-related genes showed the upregulation of il-1 beta at 6 hps (gills; anterior gut), and tnf-alpha and c3 at 24 hps (anterior gut). Taking together, our study concludes that fish subjected to three-minute air exposure modulated the expression of gr1 but not gr2 in mucosal tissues (skin; gills; anterior gut). Furthermore, our data reinforce the idea of a stimulatory effect induced in genes associated with the innate immune response after acute stress but focused at the mucosal level and in a time- and tissue-dependent manner

Correlations between Background Radiation inside a Multilayer Interleaving Structure, Geomagnetic Activity, and Cosmic Radiation: A Fourth Order Cumulant-based Correlation Analysis

In this work, we analyzed time-series of background radiation inside a multilayer interleaving structure, geomagnetic activity and cosmic-ray activity using the Pearson correlation coefficient and a new correlation measure based on the one-dimensional component of the fourth order cumulant. The new method is proposed based on the fact that the cumulant of a random process is zero if it is of Gaussian nature. The results show that this methodology is useful for detecting correlations between the analyzed variables.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures and 4 table

Variability of coil inductance measurements inside an interleaving structure

The present article is a continuation of our previous works on the anomalies in the decay rates and the capacitance measurements inside a modified Faraday cage. Here we present the anomalous variations in the measurements of inductance when a coil is placed inside an interleaving structure of metal and organic material. The fluctuation in the inductance values was found to be in the range − 0.007 to 0.018 mH. Additionally, it was observed that the temperature coefficient which was 0.0062 mH/°C initially jumped to two distinct levels, 0.0095 mH/°C and 0.0145 mH/°C, respectively. A multiple factor analysis of our results revealed a very strong correlation (R2 = 95.2%) between the inductance and the combination of the temperature and the relative humidity both measured inside the cage, next to the inductor.DGAPA-UNAM (Mexico) | Ref. IN103522Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2021-128676OB-I0

Fluctuations in measured radioactive decay rates inside a modified Faraday cage: Correlations with space weather

[EN] For several years, reports have been published about fluctuations in measured radioactive decay time-series and in some instances linked to astrophysical as well as classical environmental influences. Anomalous behaviors of radioactive decay measurement and measurement of capacitance inside and outside a modified Faraday cage were documented by our group in previous work. In the present report, we present an in-depth analysis of our measurement with regard to possible correlations with space weather, i.e. the geomagnetic activity (GMA) and cosmic-ray activity (CRA). Our analysis revealed that the decay and capacitance time-series are statistically significantly correlated with GMA and CRA when specific conditions are met. The conditions are explained in detail and an outlook is given on how to further investigate this important finding. Our discovery is relevant for all researchers investigating radioactive decay measurements since they point out that the space weather condition during the measurement is relevant for partially explaining the observed variability.This work has been partially financed by: grant no. 20170764 (Equipos de deteccion, regulacion e informacion en el sector de los sistemas inteligentes de transporte (ITS). Nuevos modelos y ensayos de compatibilidad y verificacion de funcionamiento) (Spain), by grant no. RTI2018-102256-B-I00 (Spain), by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) under project Bioingenieria de las Radiaciones Ionizantes. Biorad (PROMETEO/2018/035) and the project MEMO RADION (IDIFEDER/2018/038) co-financed by the Programa Operativo del Fondo Social Europeo 2014-2020", and by grant No.075-00845-20-01 (Russia).Milián-Sánchez, V.; Scholkmann, F.; Fernández De Córdoba, P.; Mocholí Salcedo, A.; Mocholí-Belenguer, F.; Iglesias-Martínez, ME.; Castro-Palacio, JC.... (2020). 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On the claim of modulations in radon decay and their association with solar rotation. Astroparticle Physics 97, 38–45 (2018).S. Pommé, K. Kossert, O. Nähle On the Claim of Modulations in 36Cl Beta Decay and Their Association with Solar Rotation. Solar Physics 292 (2017).Pommé, S. et al. Is decay constant? Applied Radiation and Isotopes 134, 6–12 (2018).Bellotti, E., Broggini, C., Di Carlo, G., Laubenstein, M. & Menegazzo, R. Search for time modulations in the decay constant of 40 K and 226 Ra at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory. Physics Letters B 780, 61–65 (2018).Borrello, J. A., Wuosmaa, A. & Watts, M. Non-dependence of nuclear decay rates of 123 I and 99m Tc on Earth-Sun distance. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 132, 189–194 (2018).Sturrock, P. A., Steinitz, G., Fischbach, E., Parkhomov, A. & Scargle, J. D. Analysis of beta-decay data acquired at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt: Evidence of a solar influence. Astroparticle Physics 84, 8–14 (2016).Stancil, D. D., Balci Yegen, S., Dickey, D. A. & Gould, C. R. Search for possible solar influences in Ra-226 decays. Results in Physics 7, 385–406 (2017).P. A. Sturrock, G. Steinitz & E. Fischbach Analysis of Ten Years of Radon-Chain Decay Measurements: Evidence of Solar Influences and Inferences Concerning Solar Internal Structure and the Role of Neutrinos. arXiv:1705.03010 [astro-ph.SR], (2017).Sturrock, P. A., Steinitz, G. & Fischbach, E. Concerning the variability of nuclear decay rates: Rebuttal of an article by Pomme et al. [1]. Astroparticle Physics 98, 9–12 (2018).Pommé, S., Lutter, G., Marouli, M., Kossert, K. & Nähle, O. A reply to the rebuttal by Sturrock et al. Astroparticle Physics 107, 22–25 (2019).S. Pommé, Solar influence on radon decay rates: irradiance or neutrinos? The European Physical Journal C. 79 (2019).Barnes, V. E. et al. Upper limits on perturbations of nuclear decay rates induced by reactor electron antineutrinos. 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Insights into the Ecology and Evolutionary Success of Crocodilians Revealed through Bite-Force and Tooth-Pressure Experimentation

BackgroundCrocodilians have dominated predatory niches at the water-land interface for over 85 million years. Like their ancestors, living species show substantial variation in their jaw proportions, dental form and body size. These differences are often assumed to reflect anatomical specialization related to feeding and niche occupation, but quantified data are scant. How these factors relate to biomechanical performance during feeding and their relevance to crocodilian evolutionary success are not known.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe measured adult bite forces and tooth pressures in all 23 extant crocodilian species and analyzed the results in ecological and phylogenetic contexts. We demonstrate that these reptiles generate the highest bite forces and tooth pressures known for any living animals. Bite forces strongly correlate with body size, and size changes are a major mechanism of feeding evolution in this group. Jaw shape demonstrates surprisingly little correlation to bite force and pressures. Bite forces can now be predicted in fossil crocodilians using the regression equations generated in this research.Conclusions/SignificanceCritical to crocodilian long-term success was the evolution of a high bite-force generating musculo-skeletal architecture. Once achieved, the relative force capacities of this system went essentially unmodified throughout subsequent diversification. Rampant changes in body size and concurrent changes in bite force served as a mechanism to allow access to differing prey types and sizes. Further access to the diversity of near-shore prey was gained primarily through changes in tooth pressure via the evolution of dental form and distributions of the teeth within the jaws. Rostral proportions changed substantially throughout crocodilian evolution, but not in correspondence with bite forces. The biomechanical and ecological ramifications of such changes need further examination

Interaction of APOE e4 and poor glycemic control predicts white matter hyperintensity growth from 73-76

We examined whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) status interacts with vascular risk factors (VRFs) to predict the progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on brain MRI scans over a specific period of life in older age when the risk of dementia increases. At age 73 years, baseline VRFs were assessed via self-reported history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia, and via objective measures of blood HbA1c, body mass index, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and blood high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol (HDL) ratio. APOE e4 allele was coded as either present or absent. WMH progression was measured on MRI over 3 years in 434 older adults, in a same-year-of-birth cohort. APOE e4 carriers with either a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes (β = 0.160, p = 0.002) or higher glycated hemoglobin levels (β = 0.114, p = 0.014) exhibited greater WMH progression, and the former survived correction for multiple testing. All other APOE-VRF interactions were nonsignificant (βinteraction < 0.056, p > 0.228). The results suggest that carrying the APOE “risk” e4 allele increases the risk of greater age-related WMH progression over the early part of the eighth decade of life, when combined with poorer glycemic control. The interaction effect was robust to co-occurring VRFs, suggesting a possible target for mitigating brain and cognitive aging at this age

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ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕМЕДИЦИНСКИЕ УЧЕБНЫЕ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИСТУДЕНТЫ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙКОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНЫЙ ПОДХОДЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИМЕДИКО-ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ДЕЛО (СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЬ