Estrategias de aprendizaje y la comprensión de textos escritos del idioma inglés

This study responds to the attempt to establish the degree of relationship that exists between learning strategies with the understanding of written texts of the English language in the students of the Language Center of a Private University of Lima-North-2019. This research is non-experimental, descriptive and correlational design. It was carried out with a sample of 20 students from the Language Center. For data collection, a test questionnaire was applied per variable, which was previously validated according to the objectives of the study. The results indicate the existence of a significant correlation between learning strategies and reading comprehension, the significance value obtained being r=7,96, (p-valor <0.05). Concluding that there is a significant relationship between the variables learning strategies and comprehension of written texts of the English language.El estudio responde a la tentativa de establecer el grado de relación que existe entre las estrategias de aprendizaje con la comprensión de textos escritos del idioma inglés en los estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas de la Universidad Privada de Lima-Norte-2019. La presente investigación es no experimental, descriptiva y de diseño correlacional.  Se realizó con una muestra de 20 estudiantes del Centro de Idiomas. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario test por variable, que fueron previamente validados de acuerdo con los objetivos del estudio. Los resultados indican la existencia de una correlación significativa entre estrategias de aprendizaje y comprensión lectora, siendo el valor de significancia obtenido r=0,796, (p-valor <0.05). Llegando a la conclusión que existe una relación significativa entre las variables estrategias de aprendizaje y comprensión de textos escritos del idioma inglés

Características del vellón de vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) de Cala Cala y Picotani (Puno-Perú) criadas en semicautiverio

This paper shows the results of several research works on the characteristics of the fleece of vicuñas reared under semi-captivity conditions in the multicommunals of Cala Cala and Picotani, located in the province of San Antonio de Putina, Puno, Peru. The results indicate the presence of three color tones: light, dark and yellowish, whose extension in the body varies according to sex and age. In the praxis only the useful (commercial) part of the coat is sheared. The total weight of fleece shows variations between females (354.71 g) and males (364.65 g) (p<0.05). The fleece yields in vicuñas were similar by sex and body region, while the yield in juveniles was 84.43% and in adults 81.87% (p<0.05). The proportion of clean fleece reaches 80%. The proportion of hair in the fleece shows variations according to sex, age, body region and rearing locality.Este trabajo de revisión muestra los resultados de varios trabajos de investigación sobre las características del vellón de las vicuñas criadas bajo condiciones de semicautiverio en las multicomunales de Cala Cala y Picotani, ubicadas en la provincia San Antonio de Putina, en Puno, Perú. Los resultados indican la presencia de tres tonalidades de color: claro, oscura y blanco amarillento, cuya extensión en el cuerpo varía en función al factor sexo y edad. En la praxis solo se esquila la parte útil del manto. El peso total de vellón muestra variaciones entre hembras (354.71 g) y machos (364.65 g) (p<0.05). Los rendimientos de vellón en vicuñas por sexo y región corporal fueron similares, mientras que el rendimiento en los juveniles fue de 84.43% y en adultos de 81.87% (p<0.05). La proporción de vellón limpio alcanza el 80%. La proporción del pelo en el vellón muestra variaciones en función al sexo, edad, región corporal y lugar de crianza

Causas directas de muerte en pacientes diabéticos en el Perú, 2017-2020

Background: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) constitutes a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality rate. Studies reported cardiovascular disease as the main direct cause of death in diabetics, while others attributed it to respiratory diseases. However, in our setting, it is still a question. The objective of our study was to determine the main direct causes of death in diabetic patients of Peru. Material and Methods: Observational, descriptive study. We collected the data from the registry of the “Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones” (SINADEF) of Peru from 2017 to 2020. We selected the registries whose ICD-10 corresponds to DM2 to describe the characteristics of the deceased, the direct causes of death and the annual trend of the first five causes. Results: The main direct causes of death in diabetic patients were diseases of the respiratory system (28,0%), diseases of the circulatory system (25,4%) and certain infectious and parasitic diseases (15,0%). In addition, the most affected population was males (50,3%), older adults (76,4%) from the coast region (63,6%). The trend was increasing in the first five causes of death, with the greatest slope between 2019 and 2020 for diseases of the respiratory system (rate 1.40 and 2.96) and diseases of the circulatory system (rate 0.98 and 2.86). Conclusions: The main direct causes of death were diseases of the respiratory and circulatory system. The region with the highest number of deaths was the coast. The trend of the top five causes of death was increasing, with a greater slope between 2019 and 2020.Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) constituye un problema de salud pública mundial con elevada tasa de morbimortalidad. Estudios reportaron como principal causa directa de muerte en diabéticos a las enfermedades cardiovasculares, mientras otros atribuyen a las enfermedades respiratorias. Empero, en nuestro medio aún es una interrogante. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar las principales causas directas de muerte en pacientes diabéticos en Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo. Recopilamos los datos del registro del Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones (SINADEF) de Perú del año 2017 al 2020, seleccionamos los registros cuyo CIE-10 correspondiera a DM2 para describir las características de los fallecidos, las causas directas de defunción y la tendencia anual de las cinco primeras causas. Resultados: Las principales causas directas de muerte en pacientes diabéticos fueron enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (28,0%), enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (25,4%) y ciertas enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (15,0%). Además, se evidenció como población más afectada al sexo masculino (50,3%), adultos mayores (76,4%) y la región costa (63,6%). La tendencia fue creciente en las cinco primeras causas de muerte, con mayor pendiente entre 2019 y 2020 para enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (tasa 1,40 y 2,96) y enfermedades del sistema circulatorio (tasa 0,98 y 2,86). Conclusiones: Las principales causas directas de muerte fueron las enfermedades del sistema respiratorio y circulatorio. La región con mayor cantidad de fallecidos fue la costa. La tendencia de las cinco primeras causas de muerte fue creciente, con mayor pendiente entre 2019 y 2020

Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis Reveals Profound Genetic Diversity among Isolates of the Human Pathogen Bartonella bacilliformis

Bartonella bacilliformis is the aetiological agent of human bartonellosis, a potentially life threatening infection of significant public health concern in the Andean region of South America. Human bartonellosis has long been recognised in the region but a recent upsurge in the number of cases of the disease and an apparent expansion of its geographical distribution have re-emphasized its contemporary medical importance. Here, we describe the development of a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for B. bacilliformis and its application to an archive of 43 isolates collected from patients across Peru. MLST identified eight sequence types among these isolates and the delineation of these was generally congruent with those of the previously described typing scheme. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequence data derived from MLST loci revealed that seven of the eight sequence types were closely related to one another; however, one sequence type, ST8, exhibited profound evolutionary divergence from the others. The extent of this divergence was akin to that observed between other members of the Bartonella genus, suggesting that ST8 strains may be better considered as members of a novel Bartonella genospecies

Co-infection with Bartonella bacilliformis and Mycobacterium spp. in a coastal region of Peru

Abstract Objective This study investigated an outbreak of Bartonellosis in a coastal region in Peru. Results A total of 70 (n = 70) samples with clinical criteria for the acute phase of Bartonellosis and a positive peripheral blood smear were included. 22.85% (n = 16) cases of the samples were positive for Bartonella bacilliformis by PCR and automatic sequencing. Of those positive samples, 62.5% (n = 10) cases were positive only for B. bacilliformis and 37.5% (n = 6) cases were positive to both Mycobacterium spp. and B. bacilliformis. The symptom frequencies were similar in patients diagnosed with Carrion’s disease and those co-infected with Mycobacterium spp. The most common symptoms were headaches, followed by malaise and arthralgia

Cytokines and T-Lymphocute count in patients in the acute and chronic phases of Bartonella bacilliformis infection in an endemic area in peru: a pilot study

Human Bartonellosis has an acute phase characterized by fever and hemolytic anemia, and a chronic phase with bacillary angiomatosis-like lesions. This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated the immunology patterns using pre- and post-treatment samples in patients with Human Bartonellosis. Patients between five and 60 years of age, from endemic areas in Peru, in the acute or chronic phases were included. In patients in the acute phase of Bartonellosis a state of immune peripheral tolerance should be established for persistence of the infection. Our findings were that elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and numeric abnormalities of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Lymphocyte counts correlated significantly with an unfavorable immune state. During the chronic phase, the elevated levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 observed in our series correlated with previous findings of endothelial invasion of B. henselae in animal models

Bartonella bacilliformis: a systematic review of the literature to guide the research agenda for elimination.

BACKGROUND: Carrion's disease affects small Andean communities in Peru, Colombia and Ecuador and is characterized by two distinct disease manifestations: an abrupt acute bacteraemic illness (Oroya fever) and an indolent cutaneous eruptive condition (verruga Peruana). Case fatality rates of untreated acute disease can exceed 80% during outbreaks. Despite being an ancient disease that has affected populations since pre-Inca times, research in this area has been limited and diagnostic and treatment guidelines are based on very low evidence reports. The apparently limited geographical distribution and ecology of Bartonella bacilliformis may present an opportunity for disease elimination if a clear understanding of the epidemiology and optimal case and outbreak management can be gained. METHODS: All available databases were searched for English and Spanish language articles on Carrion's disease. In addition, experts in the field were consulted for recent un-published work and conference papers. The highest level evidence studies in the fields of diagnostics, treatment, vector control and epidemiology were critically reviewed and allocated a level of evidence, using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 44 studies were considered to be of sufficient quality to be included in the analysis. The majority of these were level 4 or 5 (low quality) evidence and based on small sample sizes. Few studies had been carried out in endemic areas. CONCLUSIONS: Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of Carrion's disease are based on small retrospective or observational studies and expert opinion. Few studies take a public health perspective or examine vector control and prevention. High quality studies performed in endemic areas are required to define optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies

Ácido úrico y factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome metabólico en una población adulta de la ciudad de Junín

The objective of this study was to determine the association between serum uric acid (UA) and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) in a high altitude population. We included 174 adults, natives from Junin city, 4107 msnm (75 men and 99 women). The prevalence of risk factors like as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low serum level of HDL-cholesterol and uric acid serum level, were estimated. Subjects were stratified by gender into quartiles of serum uric acid levels. A higher prevalence of hyperuricemia in men than in women was found. It is observed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) increases in both men and women according to quartile of serum uric acid (UA). A significant association between uric acid level and triglyceride level in both men and women was found. It is concluded that the estimated values would show the prevalence of MS in people at high altitude to be associated with serum UA level, thus seeming to be a new risk factor associated with the SM in these populations.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación entre niveles séricos de ácido úrico (AU) y factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome metabólico (SM) en una población que habita en grandes alturas. Se incluyeron 174 personas adultas (75 hombres y 99 mujeres), nativas de la ciudad de Junín, 4107 msnm . Se determinaron la prevalencia de los siguientes factores de riesgo: obesidad, hipertensión arterial, hiperglucemia, hipertrigliceridemia y valores disminuidos de HDL-colesterol, así como, los niveles séricos de ácido úrico. Los sujetos fueron estratificados, según género, en cuartiles de niveles séricos de ácido úrico. Se encontró una mayor prevalencia de hiperuricemia en hombres que en mujeres. Se observa que la prevalencia de SM aumenta tanto en hombres como en mujeres según los cuartiles de AU sérico. También se encontró que existe asociación significativa entre niveles de ácido úrico y triglicéridos, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Se concluye que los valores encontrados demostrarían que la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en los habitantes de grandes alturas está relacionada con el nivel de ácido úrico sérico, por lo que podría ser un nuevo factor de riesgo asociado al SM en estas poblaciones