Lesiones por bayoneta en la Morella carlista (s. XIX)

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Innovación de productos turísticos en instalaciones hoteleras. Un procedimiento desde los sistemas adaptativos complejos

Aim: To design an innovating procedure of touristic products using a complex adaptative system approach to generate new and improved products. Methods: Theoretical methods, such as the historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, and induction-deduction methods were used. Empirical methods like interview, observation, and survey were used as well. Team working was the technique used, through parallel learning structures or teams, whose role facilitated training, learning, and innovation. Besides, computerized intelligence techniques were used, particularly association rules, and Markov chains, to generate innovation sequences. Main results: A procedure relying on complex adaptative systems was designed, which can generate adaptative characteristics that modify and adapt innovation sequencing to resort hotels, based on SAC-InnoTour software designed for this purpose. Implementation at Melia Cayo Coco Resort permitted the development of new or improved products, and to identify the competitive advantages that contributed to customer differentiation and satisfaction. Conclusions: The procedure works as a complex adaptative system, since it generates adaptative characteristics that modify the structure, which was observed in the innovation sequence produced with the software. The implementation of this procedure at the chosen resort, corroborated its practical validity, based on its pertinence and the fulfillment of the set work objectives.Objetivo: Diseñar un procedimiento de innovación de productos turísticos desde un enfoque de sistemas adaptativos complejos para la generación de nuevos y mejorados productos. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el histórico-lógico, el análisis-síntesis y la inducción-deducción; métodos empíricos como la entrevista, la observación y la encuesta. Se empleó la técnica de trabajo en grupo mediante estructuras paralelas de aprendizaje o equipos, cuyo funcionamiento facilitó la capacitación, el aprendizaje y la innovación. Además se usaron técnicas de inteligencia computacional, específicamente reglas de asociación y cadenas de Markov para generar secuencias de innovación. Principales resultados: Se diseñó un procedimiento que, basado en los sistemas adaptativos complejos, genera características adaptativas que modifican y adecuan la secuencia de la innovación a la instalación hotelera, apoyado en el software SAC-InnoTour elaborado para estos fines. Su aplicación en el Hotel Meliá Cayo Coco permitió desarrollar nuevos o mejorados productos, así como identificar ventajas competitivas que contribuyeron a la diferenciación y satisfacción de los clientes en el hotel. Conclusiones: El procedimiento funciona como un sistema adaptativo complejo porque genera características adaptativas que modifican su estructura, lo cual se evidenció en la secuencia de innovación generada con el software. La aplicación del procedimiento en el hotel seleccionado, corroboró su validez práctica a partir de su pertinencia y el cumplimiento de los objetivos de trabajo planeados

CMB polarization as a probe of the anomalous nature of the Cold Spot

One of the most interesting explanations for the non-Gaussian Cold Spot (CS) detected in the WMAP data by Vielva et al. 2004, is that it arises from the interaction of the CMB radiation with a cosmic texture (Cruz et al. 2007b). In this case, a lack of polarization is expected in the region of the spot, as compared to the typical values associated to large fluctuations of a GIRF. In addition, other physical processes related to a non-linear evolution of the gravitational field could lead to a similar scenario. However, some of these alternative scenarios (e.g., a large void in the large scale structure) have been shown to be very unlikely. In this work we characterise the polarization properties of the Cold Spot under both hypotheses: a large Gaussian spot and an anomalous feature generated, for instance, by a cosmic texture. We propose a methodology to distinguish between them, and we discuss its discrimination power as a function of the instrumental noise level. In particular, we address the cases of current experiments, like WMAP and Planck, and others in development as QUIJOTE. We find that for an ideal experiment the Gaussian hypothesis could be rejected at a significance level better than 0.8%. While WMAP is far from providing useful information in this respect, we find that Planck will be able to reach a significance of around 7%; in addition, we show that the ground-based experiment QUIJOTE could provide a significance of around 1%. If these results are combined with the significance level found for the CS in temperature, the capability of QUIJOTE and Planck to reject the alternative hypothesis becomes 0.025% and 0.124%, respectively.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted in MNRAS. Minor changes made to match the final versio

How Europeans move: a moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sitting time paradox in the European Union

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the interactions between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in a large population taking account of major sociodemographic characteristics. Study design: Cross-sectional population-based study. Methods: Data from 28,031 individuals living in the European Union who were aged ≥15 years were retrieved from a cross-sectional survey, the Eurobarometer 2017. Interactions among the four mobility components (vigorous, moderate, walking activity and sitting time) were assessed at the individual level across age, gender and place of residence, and at the country level by compositional data analysis, hierarchical linear regressions and principal component analysis. Results: The most frequently reported PA was walking; however, sitting time represented >95% of the reported weekly times, whereas moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) represented <1%. Women reported less PA and sitting time, age decreased total PA and increased sitting time, and individuals living in large urban areas reported lower PA and higher sitting times. MVPA decreased with age (β = -0.047, P < 0.001) and was lower in women (β = -0.760, P < 0.001) and those living in large urban areas (β = -0.581, P < 0.001), while walking and sitting times increased with age, being higher in women and lower in those living in rural areas. At the country level, sitting time was positively associated with moderate activity (β = 0.389, P = 0.041) and marginally non-significant with MVPA (β = 0.330, P = 0.087). Conclusions: Walking was the highest contributor to weekly PA, whereas sitting time was paradoxically associated with higher MVPA. Specific measures to reduce sitting time are required to achieve an active lifestyle

The radial BAO scale and Cosmic Shear, a new observable for Inhomogeneous Cosmologies

As an alternative explanation of the dimming of distant supernovae it has recently been advocated that we live in a special place in the Universe near the centre of a large spherical void described by a Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) metric. In this scenario, the Universe is no longer homogeneous and isotropic, and the apparent late time acceleration is actually a consequence of spatial gradients. We propose in this paper a new observable, the normalized cosmic shear, written in terms of directly observable quantities, and calculable in arbitrary inhomogeneous cosmologies. This will allow future surveys to determine whether we live in a homogeneous universe or not. In this paper we also update our previous observational constraints from geometrical measures of the background cosmology. We include the Union Supernovae data set of 307 Type Ia supernovae, the CMB acoustic scale and the first measurement of the radial baryon acoustic oscillation scale. Even though the new data sets are significantly more constraining, LTB models -- albeit with slightly larger voids -- are still in excellent agreement with observations, at chi^2/d.o.f. = 307.7/(310-4)=1.005. Together with the paper we also publish the updated easyLTB code used for calculating the models and for comparing them to the observations.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, the code can be downloaded at http://www.phys.au.dk/~haugboel/software.shtm

Chilaiditi's sign in complicated acute appendicitis: case report and literature review

Chilaiditi's condition refers to the presence of a loop of small intestine or colon between the diaphragm and the hepatic rim, usually due to alterations in the attachment of the liver to the diaphragm. Chilaiditi syndrome is associated with abdominal pain as the most common clinical manifestation. Pneumoperitoneum should always be ruled out in the context of these patients. We presented the case of a male in his eighth decade of life who presented with data suggestive of drug-modified acute appendicitis, for which computed tomography of the abdomen identified acute appendicitis and Chilaiditi's condition. An open appendectomy was performed without complications and the condition resolved

Polarization networks around the SDGs in the press from 2020 to 2023

Polarization in the media is a phenomenon classified as ambivalent and volatile because radical positions change to moderate and neutral. The objective of the study was to demonstrate this process in press releases and expert evaluations regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). A documentary, cross-sectional, exploratory, and retrospective work was carried out with a sample of press releases with national circulation and published from 2020 to 2023 headed with SDGs. The results verify the null hypothesis of significant differences between the theoretical structures concerning the empirical observations. The scope and limits of the study are discussed, as well as a local risk communication policy

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the urban aquifer of Zaragoza (Spain) and its relationship with intensive shallow geothermal energy exploitation

A steady increase in the consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal-care products worldwide is increasing their occurrence in the biosphere. The current study describes the abundance of 42 selected emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), including human and veterinary antibiotics, UV-filters and analgesics in the groundwater of the urban aquifer of Zaragoza (Spain), which is affected by intensive exploitation of shallow geothermal resources. The presence of groundwater heat pump systems in the aquifer studied offered the opportunity to study the occurrence of EOCs in relation to groundwater temperature and other physicochemical effects derived from this technology. Analysis of the data obtained allowed us to identify statistically significant relationships between the presence of EOCs and temperature, as well as other physicochemical and geochemical properties of groundwater. The results obtained suggest that temperature is a minor factor controlling the degradation of the organic compounds analysed compared to the oxygen input from groundwater heat pump systems which is possibly increasing the aerobic redox conditions, thus preventing the degradation of organic pollutants. Intensive use of shallow geothermal resources therefore seems to contribute in the prevalence of such compounds in the aquifer close to geothermal systems