Some new results Of The integrals in the groups Mod – n

Let G= Zn be a belian group Mod n. we shall define a new integral of the  all elements of the G=Zn ( n is a finite number , n  N , n ≥2 ). We shall study a new – results of the integrals properties in the group Zn. We gave the definitions of integrals in the Zn, and we shall gave the anew- definitions of the neat ( semi ) integrals , and the some a new results of this integrals

Are Natural Fractures In Sandstone Reservoir: Water Wet – Mixed Wet – Or Oil Wet?

This study accurately measures the wettability contact angle of native Kuwaiti sandstone reservoir that hosts mixed pore size distributions in both the tight sandstone matrix as well as the natural fracture (NF) embedded in it. Also, this study, effectively, investigates the geometrical size and shape of natural available voids whether matrix voids or NF voids captured in the rock 2D image frame system. Correspondingly, this study is, successfully, measure tight matrix, NF Pore wall, and NF pore opening wettability performance and recovery efficiency contributions inside the sandstone reservoir. A model pore/ grain contact angle wettability is generated. Therefore, this study thrives to enhance new physics that will advance reservoir characterization and production improvement through modeled and measured wettability contact angle. The prepared fresh tight sandstone rock sample in the form of rock fragment is imaged and characterized for porosity, permeability, and wettability contact angle in 2D format utilizing SEM-BSE imaging techniques. The generated images will be quantified using pre-defined logic for wettability contact angle measurement. The data generated will be used to estimate the wettability distribution. Each image captured will be investigated for a magnification of X51 (1 mm Scale). This magnification scale will ensure measurement of all possible pore/ grain petrophysical porosity & permeability features, as well as wettability contact angle of 3 region representations for the tight matrix, the natural fracture pore wall, and the inside fracture void. From measured data and computed logics, the majority portions of natural pore voids and pore-walls are medium-water-wet; however, some fracture-pore-walls show mixed and strongly oil wetting preference. The main factors in the understanding the fracture wettability are pore size distribution and pore morphology that suggests the wettability affinity likelihood. This study shows 3 natural pore regions: tight matrix, natural fracture pore wall, and inside the natural void space. These regions are necessary to characterize wettability behavior for oil production and crude oil reservoir recovery schemes, especially in EOR schemes such as water production and/ or water injection operations. Also, the fracture-to-matrix ratio shows some new interesting features characterizations

Black Carbon and Particulate Matter Concentrations in Eastern Mediterranean Urban Conditions: An Assessment Based on Integrated Stationary and Mobile Observations

There is a paucity of comprehensive air quality data from urban areas in the Middle East. In this study, portable instrumentation was used to measure size-fractioned aerosol number, mass, and black carbon concentrations in Amman and Zarqa, Jordan. Submicron particle number concentrations at stationary urban background sites in Amman and Zarqa exhibited a characteristic diurnal pattern, with the highest concentrations during traffic rush hours (2–5 × 104 cm−3 in Amman and 2–7 × 104 cm−3 in Zarqa). Super-micron particle number concentrations varied considerably in Amman (1–10 cm−3). Mobile measurements identified spatial variations and local hotspots in aerosol levels within both cities. Walking paths around the University of Jordan campus showed increasing concentrations with proximity to main roads with mean values of 8 × 104 cm−3, 87 µg/m3, 62 µg/m3, and 7.7 µg/m3 for submicron, PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon (BC), respectively. Walking paths in the Amman city center showed moderately high concentrations (mean 105 cm−3, 120 µg/m3, 85 µg/m3, and 8.1 µg/m3 for submicron aerosols, PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon, respectively). Similar levels were found along walking paths in the Zarqa city center. On-road measurements showed high submicron concentrations (>105 cm−3). The lowest submicron concentration

3D Printing of Dapagliflozin Containing Self-Nanoemulsifying Tablets: Formulation Design and In Vitro Characterization

The 3D printing techniques have been explored extensively in recent years for pharmaceutical manufacturing and drug delivery applications. The current investigation aims to explore 3D printing for the design and development of a nanomedicine-based oral solid dosage form of a poorly water-soluble drug. A self-nanoemulsifying tablet formulation of dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was developed utilizing the semisolid pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) extrusion-based 3D printing technique. The developed formulation system consists of two major components (liquid and solid phase), which include oils (caproyl 90, octanoic acid) and co-surfactant (PEG 400) as liquid phase while surfactant (poloxamer 188) and solid matrix (PEG 6000) as solid-phase excipients that ultimately self-nanoemulsify as a drug encapsulated nanoemulsion system on contact with aqueous phase/gastrointestinal fluid. The droplet size distribution of the generated nanoemulsion from a self-nanoemulsifying 3D printed tablet was observed to be 104.7 ± 3.36 nm with polydispersity index 0.063 ± 0.024. The FT-IR analysis of the printed tablet revealed that no drug-excipients interactions were observed. The DSC and X-RD analysis of the printed tablet revealed that the loaded drug is molecularly dispersed in the crystal lattice of the tablet solid matrix and remains solubilized in the liquid phase of the printed tablet. SEM image of the drug-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablets revealed that dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate was completely encapsulated in the solid matrix of the printed tablet, which was further confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis. The in vitro dissolution profile of dapagliflozin-loaded self-nanoemulsifying tablet revealed an immediate-release drug profile for all three sizes (8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm) tablets, exhibiting >75.0% drug release within 20 min. Thus, this study has emphasized the capability of the PAM-based 3D printing technique to print a self-nanoemulsifying tablet dosage form with an immediate-release drug profile for poorly water-soluble drug

Performance investigation of graphene based-nanofluids as a metalworking fluid for turning process

Most lubricants used for machining industry are mineral-based oil thus gives negative impact on environment and humans because of their toxicity and non-biodegradability. Therefore, vegetable-based oil has been taken as other initiatives to produce bio-based metalworking fluid (MWFs) especially from non-edible oil (jatropha oil). The aim of this study was to investigate the turning performance of nanofluids from modified jatropha based-oil (MJO) with the addition of graphene nanoparticles at various concentrations (0.01wt%, 0.025wt%, 0.05wt%). The performances of MJO based nanofluids were compared with synthetic ester (SE) as the benchmark oil in terms of cutting temperature, chip thickness and workpiece surface roughness. From the results, MJO + 0.025wt% graphene nanoparticles recorded the lowest cutting temperature, and chip thickness with smoother workpiece surface roughness compared to all samples. In conclusion, MJO + 0.025wt% exhibit superior machining performance and could be potential candidate as sustainable MWFs to replace mineral based oil for the machining processe

Performance investigation of graphene based-nanofluids as a metalworking fluid for turning process

Most lubricants used for machining industry are mineral-based oil thus gives negative impact on environment and humans because of their toxicity and non-biodegradability. Therefore, vegetable-based oil has been taken as other initiatives to produce bio-based metalworking fluid (MWFs) especially from non-edible oil (jatropha oil). The aim of this study was to investigate the turning performance of nanofluids from modified jatropha based-oil (MJO) with the addition of graphene nanoparticles at various concentrations (0.01wt%, 0.025wt%, 0.05wt%). The performances of MJO based nanofluids were compared with synthetic ester (SE) as the benchmark oil in terms of cutting temperature, chip thickness and workpiece surface roughness. From the results, MJO + 0.025wt% graphene nanoparticles recorded the lowest cutting temperature, and chip thickness with smoother workpiece surface roughness compared to all samples. In conclusion, MJO + 0.025wt% exhibit superior machining performance and could be potential candidate as sustainable MWFs to replace mineral based oil for the machining processe

The Reading Perception Of Medical Staff About The Use Of Prehospital Ultrasound

This study was a focus on the use of pre-hospital ultrasound in Saudi Arabia. Generally, ultrasound is used in a high frequency by health care providers in different countries within hospitals or pre-hospital. The main point of using the ultrasound was to reduce the time of diagnosis at the hospital and decrease the rate of mortality and morbidity. The study was a cross-sectional study and was used to assess the perception of medical staff about the use of pre-hospital ultrasound. This survey study had 130 participants, and 80 of them were agreed to involve in this study. It was conducted in King Abdulaziz Hospital of National Guards, Al Ahsa and College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa Campus, Saudi Arabia. ATLAST ti 8 was used for systematic literature review and SPSS v23 obviously for data analysis. This was a new and novel study as the Pre-hospital ultrasound was not used before in the pre-hospital. On the other hand, the findings showed that the participants displayed a high level of interest in improving their knowledge and skills of using ultrasound during its application in the pre-hospital setting. It was also recommended to have more research in future on the subject

Chlorhexidine versus Povidone-Iodine for the prevention of ‎Surgical Site ‎Infections: A review.‎

BackgroundSurgical Site Infections (SSIs) are the third most frequently reported health care-associated ‎infection‎ and it remain a major clinical problem despite improvements in prevention, as they ‎are associated with ‎significant mortality and morbidity. Prevention strategies for SSIs are based ‎on reducing the risk of infection by bacteria, So many antiseptic agents are ‎used, the most ‎common one are Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine.‎AimsTo discuss the ‎findings of RCTs that compare Chlorhexidine versus Povidone-Iodine in the prevention of ‎Surgical ‎Site ‎Infections (SSIs).‎Methods This systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that ‎examining randomized trials of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine to summarize the major ‎RCT that compare Chlorhexidine versus Povidone-Iodine in the prevention of Surgical Site ‎Infections (SSIs).‎Results The review included six randomized studies that compare between Chlorhexidine and Povidone-‎Iodine for the prevention of SSIs. The findings showed that many studies prefer using ‎Chlorhexidine over Povidine-Iodine to reduce SSIs, few studies prefer using PVI as antiseptic ‎and other studies reported that there is no significant difference between both. ConclusionMajority of results prefer using Chlorhexidine than Povidone-Iodine‎ as antiseptics but ‎there were few findings prefer ‎PVI and other studies reported that there was no significant ‎difference between using them as ‎antiseptics.

Surgical Management of Thermal Injury: Narrative Review

Extensive burn care advanced over the past few decades to the point where burn victims can now often live. The goal of treating a severely burned patient nowadays is to help them return to their communities, families, and places of employment as fully participating members of society, rather than only preserving their life and ability to function. Burns are a common and difficult critical care issue. Specialized hospitals prioritize achieving optimal functional recovery, infection prevention, and patient stabilization. Over the past few decades, researches on burns have attracted a lot of attention. A number of significant discoveries have improved patient stability and reduced mortality, particularly in the case of younger patients and those with intermediate-degree burns. The presence of dead tissue over a burn wound hinders the healing process and serves as a breeding ground for bacteria. Consequently, clearing the eschar as soon as possible and getting a clean wound bed as soon as possible, can be regarded as the main objective to initiate the process of wound healing, either through autografting or spontaneous epithelization. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the surgical management of thermal injuries. The article also discusses the importance of early surgical intervention, including debridement, skin grafting, and other surgical techniques. Additionally, it explores the latest advancements in surgical management and the potential future directions in this field. Overall, this review aims to provide a valuable resource for healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with thermal injuries