Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)

This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts

Konvansiyonel Transbronşiyal İğne Aspirasyon Biyopsisinin (K-Tbia) Tanısal Değeri: 219 Hastada 363 İşlemin Deneyimi

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Characterization of Cu/Ag/Eu/Hydroxyapatite composites produced by wet chemical precipitation

In the first part of this study hydroxyapatite was prepared synthetically through classical wet precipitation, using Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate) as calcium source and HgN₂O4P as phosphate source. In the second part of the study HA compounds were prepared with different ratios (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 wt.%) of antibacterial materials like copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and europium (Eu), using the same wet precipitation method. The prepared pure HA material was utilized as the control group for comparison with Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites. Studies of X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were performed. The aim of this study was to investigate Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites and the effect of metals on HA biomaterials, used as scaffold materials in bone disease treatment

Characterization of Cu/Ag/Eu/Hydroxyapatite Composites Produced by Wet Chemical Precipitation

In the first part of this study hydroxyapatite was prepared synthetically through classical wet precipitation, using Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O (calcium nitrate tetrahydrate) as calcium source and HgN₂O4P as phosphate source. In the second part of the study HA compounds were prepared with different ratios (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 wt.%) of antibacterial materials like copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and europium (Eu), using the same wet precipitation method. The prepared pure HA material was utilized as the control group for comparison with Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites. Studies of X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis were performed. The aim of this study was to investigate Cu/Ag/Eu/HA composites and the effect of metals on HA biomaterials, used as scaffold materials in bone disease treatment

Seismic parameters re-determined from historical seismograms of 1935-Erdek–Marmara Island and 1963-Çınarcık Earthquakes

In this study, the original seismograms of the 1935-Erdek–Marmara Island and 1963-Cinarcik Earthquakes, recorded at local and regional distances, were vectorized. The epicentral locations have been calculated using available readings from original records and also ISS and seismic station bulletins for 04.01.1935-14:41 and 16:20 Marmara Island–Erdek Earthquakes and 18.09.1963-16:58 Cinarcik Earthquake. The epicenter determinations show that the first event in 04.01.1935 was located at 40.72N–27.72E, while the second one occurred at 40.61N–27.43E, indicating that both were located near the Marmara Island. Another finding is that the 1963 event was located at 40.80N–29.18E, near the Princes' Island fault. Furthermore, moment tensor inversion method was applied on these earthquakes by using original seismograms, which provided an opportunity to illuminate the seismotectonic features of Marmara Region based on the retrieved fault mechanism solutions. For the first time, the fault mechanisms for 04.01.1935-14:41 and 16:20 Earthquakes were determined using moment tensor inversion from the original seismic waveforms. Likewise, the result obtained for the fault mechanism of 1963 Cinarcik Earthquake showed normal fault mechanism with much shallower depth than estimated before. Our preferred solutions showed that the fault mechanisms for the three events are normal faults and coincide with the seismotectonic structure of the Marmara Region