Card Sorting basierter Ansatz zur Erarbeitung einer nutzungsgerechten Methodensammlung am Beispiel des IDE-Toolkits

Es gibt umfassende Beschreibungen von Methoden und Werkzeugen zur Produktentwicklung und dem Industriedesign in unterschiedlichen Methodensammlungen (Bavendiek et al. 2014; Freisleben, 2001; IDEO.org, op. 2015; LUMA Institute, 2012; Pahl, et al. 2007; Strasseret al. 2014; Vezzoli et al. 2014). In Methodenkatalogen werden diese typischerweise nach Phasen in der Produktentwicklung oder entsprechend von Expertenwissen kategorisiert. Die meisten Produktentwicklungsprozesse zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Anzahl an Iterationen aus, welche sich jedoch mit vielen verbreiteten Prozessmodellen nicht ausreichend abbilden und planen lassen (Lohmeyer, 2013). Daher ist es notwendig, ProduktentwicklerInnen situationsspezifisch mit passenden Methoden zu unterstützen (Albers et al., 2014; Albers et al. 2015). Es stellt sich somit die Frage, wie man aus Prozesssicht und insbesondere auch aus Usability-Sicht, die große Vielfalt an Methoden der Produktentwicklung strukturieren kann. Da bisherige Anordnungen hinterfragt werden sollen, gilt es zu ermitteln, mit welchen alternativen methodischen Mitteln Methoden angeordnet werden können. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ganz konkret anhand des IDE-Toolkits die Aufstellung und Strukturierung eines solchen Toolkits und dessen Anwendung und Integration innerhalb der Produktentwicklung. Zudem soll dieser Beitrag weiteren Organisationen, Unternehmen, Designagenturen, Forschergruppen etc. eine Vorgehensweise aufzeigen, um Methodensammlungen und deren jeweilige Struktur aufzustellen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt somit eine übertragbare Vorgehensweise, um eine nutzungsbasierte Kategorisierung von Methoden und Werkzeugen in der Produktentwicklung durchzuführen. [... aus Punkt 1

Invited review. Natural rubber nanocomposites.

Natural rubber (NR) is a valuable and important polymer material that has wide and various applications. Therefore the investigations for NR improvement, particularly for special applications are in continuous development. In this trend, preparation of NR nanocomposites using nanofillers of both organic and inorganic origination is one of leading directions. In this paper, NR nanocomposites with the most popular and promising nanofillers were reviewed. These nanofillers are nanosilica and layered silicate as the most important fillers for NR industry after carbon black, and nanocellulose as a new abundant and environmental friendly filler. Methods of NR nanocomposites preparation were briefly summarized. The main attention was paid to the establishment of nanostructures in NR composites. Based on limited (about 80) references, mostly in recent 15 years, the improvement of NR nanocomposite properties was analyzed in connection with their nanostructure. Keywords. Natural rubber, nanocellulose, nanosilica, nanoclay, nanocomposite

Studies on antimicrobial activities of endophytic bacteria isolated from Neem tree (Azadirachta indica)

The objective of this study is to isolate endophytic bacteria from Azadirachta indica (neem). We isolated 7 strains of endogenous bacteria from the neem tree. By investing the anti-fungal and antibacterial activities of endophytic bacteria in A. indica by well diffusion agar method, we noticed there was KT2 strain which resisted to Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus (10.67 ± 0.33 mm and 9.67 ± 0.33 mm), KT3 strain showed the inhibitory activity to three human pathogenic fungal (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum), two strains (KT1, KT2) which resisted to C. albicans and T. rubrum. According to Cowan and Steel's manual, the result of biochemical identification showed that the KT2 strain was the Bacillus subtilis species

The Role of Serial NT-ProBNP Level in Prognosis and Follow-Up Treatment of Acute Heart Failure after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

BACKGROUND: After coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, heart failure is still major problem. The valuable marker for it is needed. AIM: Evaluating the role of serial NT-proBNP level in prognosis and follow-up treatment of acute heart failure after CABG surgery. METHODS: The prospective, analytic study evaluated 107 patients undergoing CABG surgery at Ho Chi Minh Heart Institute from October 2012 to June 2014. Collecting data was done at pre- and post-operative days with measuring NT-proBNP levels on the day before operation, 2 hours after surgery, every next 24 h until the 5th day, and in case of acute heart failure occurred after surgery. RESULTS: On the first postoperative day (POD1), the NT-proBNP level demonstrated significant value for AHF with the cut-off point = 817.8 pg/mL and AUC = 0.806. On the second and third postoperative day, the AUC value of NT- was 0.753 and 0.751. It was statistically significant in acute heart failure group almost at POD 1 and POD 2 when analyzed by the doses of dobutamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline (both low doses and normal doses). CONCLUSION: Serial measurement of NT-proBNP level provides useful prognostic and follow-up treatment information in acute heart failure after CABG surgery

Expansion of KPC-producing Enterobacterales in four large hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam

Objectives : The incidence of carbapenem resistance among nosocomial Gram-negative bacteria in Vietnam is high and increasing, including among Enterobacterales. In this study, we assessed the presence of one of the main carbapenemase genes, blaKPC, among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) from four large hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, between 2010 and 2015, and described their key molecular characteristics. Methods : KPC-producing Enterobacterales were detected using conventional PCR and were further analysed using S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE), Southern blotting and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for sequence typing and genetic characterisation. Results : blaKPC genes were detected in 122 (20.4%) of 599 CRE isolates. blaKPC-carrying plasmids were diverse in size. Klebsiella pneumoniae harbouring blaKPC genes belonged to ST15 and ST11, whereas KPC-producing Escherichia coli showed more diverse sequence types including ST3580, ST448, ST709 and ST405. Genotypic relationships supported the hypothesis of circulation of a population of ‘resident’ resistant bacteria in one hospital through the years and of transmission among these hospitals via patient transfer. WGS results revealed co-carriage of several other antimicrobial resistance genes and three different genetic contexts of blaKPC-2. Among these, the combination of ISEcp1–blaCTX-M and ISKpn27–blaKPC–ΔISKpn6 on the same plasmid is reported for the first time. Conclusion : We describe the dissemination of blaKPC-expressing Enterobacterales in four large hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, since 2010, which may have started earlier, along with their resistance patterns, sequence types, genotypic relationship, plasmid sizes and genetic context, thereby contributing to the overall picture of the antimicrobial resistance situation in Enterobacterales in Vietnam

Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. RESULTS: We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. INTERPRETATION: There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Card Sorting basierter Ansatz zur Erarbeitung einer nutzungsgerechten Methodensammlung am Beispiel des IDE-Toolkits

Es gibt umfassende Beschreibungen von Methoden und Werkzeugen zur Produktentwicklung und dem Industriedesign in unterschiedlichen Methodensammlungen (Bavendiek et al. 2014; Freisleben, 2001; IDEO.org, op. 2015; LUMA Institute, 2012; Pahl, et al. 2007; Strasseret al. 2014; Vezzoli et al. 2014). In Methodenkatalogen werden diese typischerweise nach Phasen in der Produktentwicklung oder entsprechend von Expertenwissen kategorisiert. Die meisten Produktentwicklungsprozesse zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Anzahl an Iterationen aus, welche sich jedoch mit vielen verbreiteten Prozessmodellen nicht ausreichend abbilden und planen lassen (Lohmeyer, 2013). Daher ist es notwendig, ProduktentwicklerInnen situationsspezifisch mit passenden Methoden zu unterstützen (Albers et al., 2014; Albers et al. 2015). Es stellt sich somit die Frage, wie man aus Prozesssicht und insbesondere auch aus Usability-Sicht, die große Vielfalt an Methoden der Produktentwicklung strukturieren kann. Da bisherige Anordnungen hinterfragt werden sollen, gilt es zu ermitteln, mit welchen alternativen methodischen Mitteln Methoden angeordnet werden können. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ganz konkret anhand des IDE-Toolkits die Aufstellung und Strukturierung eines solchen Toolkits und dessen Anwendung und Integration innerhalb der Produktentwicklung. Zudem soll dieser Beitrag weiteren Organisationen, Unternehmen, Designagenturen, Forschergruppen etc. eine Vorgehensweise aufzeigen, um Methodensammlungen und deren jeweilige Struktur aufzustellen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt somit eine übertragbare Vorgehensweise, um eine nutzungsbasierte Kategorisierung von Methoden und Werkzeugen in der Produktentwicklung durchzuführen. [... aus Punkt 1

Card Sorting basierter Ansatz zur Erarbeitung einer nutzungsgerechten Methodensammlung am Beispiel des IDE-Toolkits

Es gibt umfassende Beschreibungen von Methoden und Werkzeugen zur Produktentwicklung und dem Industriedesign in unterschiedlichen Methodensammlungen (Bavendiek et al. 2014; Freisleben, 2001; IDEO.org, op. 2015; LUMA Institute, 2012; Pahl, et al. 2007; Strasseret al. 2014; Vezzoli et al. 2014). In Methodenkatalogen werden diese typischerweise nach Phasen in der Produktentwicklung oder entsprechend von Expertenwissen kategorisiert. Die meisten Produktentwicklungsprozesse zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Anzahl an Iterationen aus, welche sich jedoch mit vielen verbreiteten Prozessmodellen nicht ausreichend abbilden und planen lassen (Lohmeyer, 2013). Daher ist es notwendig, ProduktentwicklerInnen situationsspezifisch mit passenden Methoden zu unterstützen (Albers et al., 2014; Albers et al. 2015). Es stellt sich somit die Frage, wie man aus Prozesssicht und insbesondere auch aus Usability-Sicht, die große Vielfalt an Methoden der Produktentwicklung strukturieren kann. Da bisherige Anordnungen hinterfragt werden sollen, gilt es zu ermitteln, mit welchen alternativen methodischen Mitteln Methoden angeordnet werden können. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ganz konkret anhand des IDE-Toolkits die Aufstellung und Strukturierung eines solchen Toolkits und dessen Anwendung und Integration innerhalb der Produktentwicklung. Zudem soll dieser Beitrag weiteren Organisationen, Unternehmen, Designagenturen, Forschergruppen etc. eine Vorgehensweise aufzeigen, um Methodensammlungen und deren jeweilige Struktur aufzustellen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt somit eine übertragbare Vorgehensweise, um eine nutzungsbasierte Kategorisierung von Methoden und Werkzeugen in der Produktentwicklung durchzuführen. [... aus Punkt 1