Quelques thèmes idéologiques dans la revue l'Enseignement primaire

L'idéologie, c'est la définition explicite que les agents sociaux se donnent d'une situation sociale en vue d'une action à poursuivre. C'est un schéma d'action, c'est-à-dire qu'on met en évidence, parmi les idées, les normes et les modèles d'une culture, ceux qui permettent de s'adapter à une situation sociale. Elle est l'image formulée qu'on se donne d'une situation en même temps que l'ensemble des arguments qui justifient les comportements. C'est autour des thèmes fondamentaux que se dégage une définition des situations sociales avec lesquelles les agents sociaux ont eu à composer pour élaborer leur plan. Ces thèmes sont dits fondamentaux non à cause de leur fréquence, mais à cause de leur importance dans la structure de l'idéologie. Il en est ainsi, dans le cas présent, soit parce qu'ils constituent des sources idéologiques d'où l'on fait jaillir les fondements de l'argumentation; soit parce qu'ils sont le lieu de conflits entre les différentes sources idéologiques ; soit parce qu'ils définissent les buts de l'éducation ; soit parce qu'ils sont les cibles vers lesquelles on projette des difficultés rencontrées dans les relations avec le milieu.Dans le présent article, nous étudierons la revue L'Enseignement primaire durant la période 1900-1940. Nous attachant d'abord à la logique interne de l'idéologie, nous apercevrons aussi, d'une manière incidente, comment cette idéologie manifeste les malaises d'un milieu en voie de transition entre la société rurale et la société urbaine. Les thèmes principaux que nous avons retenus sont les suivants : la conception de la société ; la conception de l'homme ; les principes de la pédagogie

Noncommutativity in a Time-Dependent Background

We compute a time-dependent noncommutativity parameter in a model with a time-dependent background, a space-time metric of the plane wave type supported by a Neveu-Schwarz two-form potential. This model is an open string version of the WZW model based on a non-semi-simple group previously studied by Nappi and Witten. The background we study is not conformally invariant. We consider a light-cone action for the sigma-model, compute the worldsheet propagator, and use it to derive a time-dependent noncommutativity parameter.Comment: 12 pages; v3: statement corrected and references adde

Le FORUM, Vol. 35 No. 4

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1032/thumbnail.jp

The age of homo naledi and associated sediments in the rising star cave, South Africa

New ages for flowstone, sediments and fossil bones from the Dinaledi Chamber are presented. We combined optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments with U-Th and palaeomagnetic analyses of flowstones to establish that all sediments containing Homo naledi fossils can be allocated to a single stratigraphic entity (sub-unit 3b), interpreted to be deposited between 236 ka and 414 ka. This result has been confirmed independently by dating three H. naledi teeth with combined U-series and electron spin resonance (US-ESR) dating. Two dating scenarios for the fossils were tested by varying the assumed levels of222Rn loss in the encasing sediments: a maximum age scenario provides an average age for the two least altered fossil teeth of 253 +82/-70 ka, whilst a minimum age scenario yields an average age of 200 +70/-61 ka. We consider the maximum age scenario to more closely reflect conditions in the cave, and therefore, the true age of the fossils. By combining the US-ESR maximum age estimate obtained from the teeth, with the U-Th age for the oldest flowstone overlying Homo naledi fossils, we have constrained the depositional age of Homo naledi to a period between 236 ka and 335 ka. These age results demonstrate that a morphologically primitive hominin, Homo naledi, survived into the later parts of the Pleistocene in Africa, and indicate a much younger age for the Homo naledi fossils than have previously been hypothesized based on their morphologyWe would also like to thank the many funding agencies that supported various aspects of this work. In particular we would like to thank the National Geographic Society, the National Research Foundation and the Lyda Hill Foundation for significant funding of the discovery, recovery and initial analysis of this material. Further support was provided by ARC (DP140104282: PHGMD, ER, JK, HHW; FT 120100399: AH). The ESR dosimetry study undertaken by CENIEH and Griffith University has been supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship (under REA Grant Agreement n˚ PIOF-GA-2013–626474) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT150100215). ESR and U-series dating undertaken at SCU were supported by ARC (DP140100919: RJB)

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Psychosocial metaphors of physical distress among MS patients

This paper explores the dynamics between chronic illness and culture and analyzes how a person's expressions of chronic illness are culturally constituted. The analysis focuses on the ways physical symptoms among multiple sclerosis patients are expressed and experienced as psychosocial problems. The process of transforming a biological construct into a social one is discussed. These transformations are explored through the doctor/patient transaction and the solidification of psychosocial problems among MS patients during their interaction with their 'significant others' and then transferred to their larger social-cultural sphere.

Contrer la pauvreté dans la MRC d’Antoine-Labelle : Réflexion sur l’intervention en milieu rural à partir de l’expérience de « Cultiver pour nourrir »

Afin d’approvisionner en légumes frais les comptoirs alimentaires de la MRC d’Antoine-Labelle (Hautes-Laurentides), la table de concertation en sécurité alimentaire a implanté le projet Cultiver pour nourrir. Utilisant espaces et équipements prêtés par la ville de Mont-Laurier et la Commission scolaire, et offrant des activités de réinsertion socioprofessionnelle aux jeunes de 18 à 25 ans et aux plus de 55 ans, le projet mise sur la concertation des milieux institutionnels et communautaires et fait appel à la collaboration des élus et de l’ensemble de la population. Examen de la façon dont les caractéristiques des milieux ruraux conditionnent ce projet de développement local communautaire.In order to provide the food counters of the Antoine-Labelle RCM (Hautes-Laurentides) with fresh produce, the issue table for food security implemented the project Cultiver pour nourrir [Grow to feed]. Using spaces and equipment lent out by the city of Mont-Laurier and the School Board, and offering socio-professional reintegration services to young adults 18 to 25 and to those older than 55 years-old, the project counts on the consulting and collaboration of institutional and community settings, and calls on the involvement of elected representatives and the population at large. Review of the ways in which the characteristics of rural settings condition this local development and community-building project