ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, PROCESSO SAÚDE-DOENÇA E CONDIÇÕES SÓCIO-ECONÔMICAS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

The intricate interplay between physical activity, the health-disease process, and socio-economic conditions has been a subject of profound scientific inquiry over recent decades. Understanding the complex connections among these elements holds a pivotal role in health promotion and the formulation of effective strategies for disease prevention and intervention in public health. Physical activity, as an essential component of the human lifestyle, plays a multifaceted role in maintaining health and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. However, engagement in physical activities can be profoundly influenced by socioeconomic factors that shape access to resources, opportunities, and pertinent information. This literature review aims to critically examine the extensive array of studies exploring the relationship between physical activity, the health-disease process, and socio-economic conditions. Our analysis delves into both the health benefits of physical activity and how socio-economic conditions can act as social determinants of health, affecting participation in physical activities and influencing the health-disease process. Furthermore, this review seeks to highlight potential interventions and avenues for future research that may contribute to a more equitable and comprehensive approach to health promotion and disease prevention. As we delve into the available evidence, our review underscores significant findings that substantiate the positive association between regular physical activity and various aspects of human health. Additionally, we distinctly identify how socio-economic conditions can shape patterns of physical activity and subsequently impact the health of different population segments. The critical analysis of these findings allows us to comprehend the intricacies of the interactions between physical activity, socio-economic conditions, and health, providing valuable insights for intervention strategies and health policies aimed at addressing existing health disparities. Throughout this article, we will meticulously explore the available evidence, discuss the implications of these findings, and provide a comprehensive view of potential approaches to promoting physical activity and improving health across diverse populations.A relação entre atividade física, processo saúde-doença e condições sócio-econômicas tem sido objeto de intensa investigação científica nas últimas décadas. A compreensão das interconexões complexas entre esses elementos desempenha um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde e na formulação de estratégias eficazes de prevenção e intervenção em saúde pública. A atividade física, como componente essencial do estilo de vida humano, desempenha um papel multifacetado na manutenção da saúde e na redução do risco de doenças crônicas. Porém, a participação em atividades físicas pode ser profundamente influenciada por fatores sócio-econômicos, que moldam o acesso a recursos, oportunidades e informações relevantes. Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo examinar criticamente a vasta gama de estudos que exploram a relação entre atividade física, processo saúde-doença e condições sócio-econômicas. Nossa análise aborda tanto os benefícios da atividade física para a saúde quanto as formas pelas quais as condições sócio-econômicas podem atuar como determinantes sociais da saúde, afetando a participação em atividades físicas e influenciando o processo saúde-doença. Além disso, esta revisão busca destacar intervenções potenciais e áreas de pesquisa futura que podem ajudar a promover uma abordagem mais equitativa e abrangente para a promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. Ao explorar as evidências disponíveis, nossa revisão aponta para resultados significativos que sustentam a associação positiva entre atividade física regular e diversos aspectos da saúde humana. Além disso, identificamos claramente como as condições sócio-econômicas podem moldar padrões de atividade física e, subsequentemente, impactar a saúde de diferentes segmentos da população. A análise crítica desses resultados nos permite compreender a complexidade das interações entre atividade física, condições sócio-econômicas e saúde, fornecendo insights valiosos para estratégias de intervenção e políticas de saúde que buscam abordar as disparidades de saúde existentes. No decorrer deste artigo, exploraremos detalhadamente as evidências disponíveis, discutiremos as implicações desses achados e ofereceremos uma visão abrangente das possíveis abordagens para promover a atividade física e melhorar a saúde em diversas populações

DETRIMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL: UM ENSAIO FILOSÓFICO PARA UMA PEDAGOGIA DA PLURIDIVERSIDADE

In the context of Brazilian education, the pursuit of a pluriversal approach emerges as a crucial path. Reflection on tensions between equality and difference highlights the need to overcome marginalizing practices, in harmony with exclusion and "denigration" of education. Critique of "banking education" underscores the importance of active student participation and critical thinking, while decolonial philosophy suggests a profound reevaluation of power and knowledge structures. In this context, pluriversity in education not only celebrates diversity but propels an authentic transformation, valuing diverse voices and promoting inclusion. In Brazil, a nation rich in cultures and inequalities, pluriversity stands as a response to build a fairer, more equitable, and interconnected education aligned with the complexities of Brazilian society.No cenário da educação brasileira, a busca por uma abordagem pluriversal emerge como um caminho crucial. A reflexão sobre as tensões entre igualdade e diferença destaca a necessidade de superar práticas marginalizadoras, em sintonia com a exclusão e "denigração" educacional. A crítica à "educação bancária" ressalta a importância da participação ativa e do pensamento crítico dos alunos, enquanto a filosofia decolonial propõe uma reavaliação profunda das estruturas de poder e conhecimento. Nesse contexto, a pluriversalidade na educação não apenas celebra a diversidade, mas impulsiona uma transformação autêntica, valorizando vozes diversas e promovendo a inclusão. No Brasil, um país rico em culturas e desigualdades, a pluriversalidade é uma resposta para construir uma educação mais justa, equitativa e conectada às complexidades da sociedade brasileira

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land. The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activities

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora