Méthodes universitaires d'apprentissage du latin en France : permanences et ruptures

Présentation de quelques-unes des méthodes d'apprentissage du latin aux XIXe-XXe siècles dans le cadre universitaire. Ces méthodes s'adressent soit à des «grands débutants» soit à des étudiants déjà confirmés. Chacune présente des qualités et des défauts mais exige généralement son utilisation dans le cadre d'un cours, même si parfois la correction des exercices est fournie à la fin du volume, dans la perspective d'un apprentissage en autonomie. Mais surtout le choix des textes ou des exemples reflète les idées et préjugés de la société dans laquelle il s'inscrit. Enfin, actuellement, on prépare une méthode -sans doute la première- d'apprentissage du latin par internet en appliquant à une langue ancienne les méthodes d'apprentissage des langues vivantes

Perturbation analysis of trapped-particle dynamics in axisymmetric dipole geometry

The perturbation analysis of the bounce action-angle coordinates $(J,\zeta)$ for charged particles trapped in an axisymmetric dipole magnetic field is presented. First, the lowest-order bounce action-angle coordinates are derived for deeply-trapped particles in the harmonic-oscillator approximation. Next, the Lie-transform perturbation method is used to derive higher-order anharmonic action-angle corrections. Explicit expressions (with anharmonic corrections) for the canonical parallel coordinates $s(J,\zeta)$ and $p_{\|}(J,\zeta)$ are presented, which satisfy the canonical identity $\{s,\; p_{\|}\}(J,\zeta) \equiv 1$. Lastly, analytical expressions for the bounce and drift frequencies (which include anharmonic corrections) yield excellent agreement with exact numerical results.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure

Laugh With Me: Effects of Shortcoms on Students\u27 Motivation, Confidence, and Cultural Understanding in the French Classroom

Research has shown that authentic audio-visual materials have had a positive effect in foreign language classroom on learners\u27 motivation and their confidence. Studies have also shown that humor can aid learners\u27 memorization and improve their motivation, whether it is used in course material or through the instructor\u27s interaction with the learners. Few researchers have focused, however, on the effect of humorous audio-visual material on foreign language learning. The aim of this thesis is to research the effects of humor in authentic video programming on the learning of French. In particular it examines the genre of the shortcom and how its use in French language instruction can positively impact learners\u27 (1) motivation, (2) affective filter, and (3) cultural understanding. This study shows that humorous videos motivate students to learn the language, help them feel more comfortable in class, and develop tolerance toward the target culture. All of these factors make the short-com an ideal for promoting students\u27 interest in the target language and culture outside of the classroom and helping them to become lifelong learners

Advanced characterization techniques in cemented carbides

Los carburos cementados son materiales formados por granos de carburo y una fase aglutinante. El carburo cementado más conocido es el carburo de wolframio combinado con una fase aglutinante de cobalto WC-Co, pero los investigadores intentan encontrar una alternativa al cobalto, como el níquel, más barato y disponible en mayores cantidades. Los carburos cementados se utilizan principalmente para herramientas de corte por sus excelentes propiedades. El carburo de wolframio tiene una dureza extremadamente alta y la fase aglutinante aumenta la tenacidad del material. Pero estas propiedades dependen de muchos factores, como la composición o la microestructura del material. Las técnicas de caracterización son un medio esencial para comprender la influencia de la microestructura y contribuyen al desarrollo constante de estos materiales esenciales en la industria. La combinación de varios métodos de caracterización, como el estudio del tamaño de grano del carburo y la modelización 3D, se utiliza para comprender el efecto de la microestructura en propiedades mecánicas como la dureza y el módulo elástico. Estos estudios se llevaron a cabo en dos muestras con base de níquel, WC-10Ni y WC-20Ni, con el fin de comprender la importancia de cada tipo de caracterización. Los resultados hallados para ambas muestras mostraron que, a medida que aumentaba la cantidad de fase ligante, disminuían la dureza y el módulo elástico del carburo cementado. El análisis de la estructura tridimensional de los carburos cementados a base de cobalto validó el protocolo ensayado y muestra la importancia de combinar los estudios de superficie y volumen. Este método podría aplicarse posteriormente a muestras de níquel para comparar los resultados experimentales con los teóricos mediante simulaciones numéricas.Cemented carbides are materials made up of carbide grains and a binder phase. The best-known cemented carbide is tungsten carbide combined with a WC-Co cobalt binder phase, but researchers are trying to find an alternative to cobalt, such as nickel, which is cheaper and available in greater quantities. Cemented carbides are mainly used for cutting tools because of their excellent properties. The tungsten carbide has extremely high hardness and the binder phase increases the toughness of the material. But these properties depend on many factors, such as the composition or microstructure of the material. Characterisation techniques are an essential way of understanding the influence of microstructure, and contribute to the constant development of these essential materials in industry. The combination of several characterisation methods, such as the study of carbide grain size and 3D modelling is used to understand the effect of microstructure on mechanical properties such as hardness and Elastic modulus. These studies were carried out on two nickel-based samples, WC-10Ni and WC-20Ni, in order to understand the importance of each type of characterisation. The results found for both samples showed that as the amount of binder phase increased, the hardness and elastic modulus of the cemented carbide decreased. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of cobalt-based cemented carbides validated the protocol tested and shows the importance of combining surface and volume studies. This method could later be applied to nickel samples to compare experimental results with theoretical ones using numerical simulations.Incomin

Detection of "Flavescence dorée" Grapevine Disease Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Multispectral Imagery

Flavescence dorée is a grapevine disease affecting European vineyards which has severe economic consequences and containing its spread is therefore considered as a major challenge for viticulture. Flavescence dorée is subject to mandatory pest control including removal of the infected vines and, in this context, automatic detection of Flavescence dorée symptomatic vines by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing could constitute a key diagnosis instrument for growers. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of discriminating the Flavescence dorée symptoms in red and white cultivars from healthy vine vegetation using UAV multispectral imagery. Exhaustive ground truth data and UAV multispectral imagery (visible and near-infrared domain) have been acquired in September 2015 over four selected vineyards in Southwest France. Spectral signatures of healthy and symptomatic plants were studied with a set of 20 variables computed from the UAV images (spectral bands, vegetation indices and biophysical parameters) using univariate and multivariate classification approaches. Best results were achieved with red cultivars (both using univariate and multivariate approaches). For white cultivars, results were not satisfactory either for the univariate or the multivariate. Nevertheless, external accuracy assessment show that despite problems of Flavescence dorée and healthy pixel misclassification, an operational Flavescence dorée mapping technique using UAV-based imagery can still be proposed

UAV-Based In Situ Antenna Characterization: Analysis and Design Requirements

This thesis proposes to characterize antennas in situ with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), especially within the framework of weather radar and 5th generation wireless systems (5G) antennas. Specifically, it is concerned with devising the requirements and tradeoffs of such a system. Characterizing an antenna in its operational environment is important to ensure that it meets its performance requirements, once it is installed in a larger system. Several techniques exist to carry out this task. Balloon-tethered dipoles at different heights were used to measure antennas radiation patterns in elevation as early as 1965. In 1988, helicopters replaced balloons and permitted the measurement of any antenna radiation pattern cut. In 2014, UAVs emerged to carry out this task for VHF and UHF antennas only, pointing at zenith, and with low directivity. However, measuring high-gain antennas pointing at low elevation angles presents more challenges, which this thesis takes into account. First, requirements for weather radar systems as well as 5G base station antennas are listed, as well as general measurement requirements, including phase, amplitude, ground reflection, and link budget requirements. Then, the requirements and tradeoffs for characterizing antennas using UAVs are presented. The different scanning strategies are exposed, as well as the necessary distance for measuring antenna pattern cuts. The effect of ground reflections on the measurements is set forth. The positioning accuracy of a UAV platform, specifically of its Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), and gimbal, is presented, with a focus on the in-house Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) hexacopter. The effects of the UAV position and gimbal drifts on the measurements are formulated theoretically, and illustrated. Two radiating structures to be mounted on the UAV are studied---a 3x3 and a 2x2 dual-polarized patch antenna arrays, with different UAV platforms---the in-house ARRC hexacopter and octocopter as well as the DJI Phantom 3. Following is a presentation of the design process of a UAV platform, with an emphasis on the required performance factors pertaining to in situ antenna characterization. Finally, a proof of concept of this system is shown, using a commercially available UAV---DJI Phantom 3---equipped with a quarter wavelength monopole antenna that measures a custom traveling wave antenna

The development of novel theranostic agents for breast cancer imaging and treatment

Cancer is a disease that affects up to one in two people [1]. There are currently a wide variety of treatment options available but these are limited by toxic side effects such as myelosuppression and alopecia [2]. One new treatment option being developed is theranostics. Theranostics is a technique that combines therapeutic and diagnostic components, and is increasingly of interest in the field of oncology. In my research, I am investigating the development of a theranostic compound. This compound will be 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) and lead sulphide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) encapsulated in apoferritin (AFt). AFt has previously been identified [3] as an ideal drug delivery system due to its biocompatibility and non-toxicity to human cells. AFt is obtained by dialysis of ferritin (Ft), and is able to exploit the overexpressed transferrin TfR1 receptor on breast cancer cells, thus providing selectivity. The anti-tumour agent 5F 203 induces activation of the cytochrome p450 1a1 (cyp1a1) gene, causing cancer cell death via the formation of DNA adducts. The effect of this compound will be studied on breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. As diagnostic agents, QDs (nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-10 nm) have shown great potential for imaging. After stimulation by light absorption, they have the ability to emit at different wavelengths depending on their size. In this study, PbS QDs were investigated, which emit light in the second near infrared (NIR) close-up window between 900 and 1300 nm. QDs also have a low absorption by biological tissues and lower light scattering, resulting in deeper tissue penetration of the emitted light, and are thus show great potential for imaging

The development of novel theranostic agents for breast cancer imaging and treatment

Cancer is a disease that affects up to one in two people [1]. There are currently a wide variety of treatment options available but these are limited by toxic side effects such as myelosuppression and alopecia [2]. One new treatment option being developed is theranostics. Theranostics is a technique that combines therapeutic and diagnostic components, and is increasingly of interest in the field of oncology. In my research, I am investigating the development of a theranostic compound. This compound will be 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) and lead sulphide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) encapsulated in apoferritin (AFt). AFt has previously been identified [3] as an ideal drug delivery system due to its biocompatibility and non-toxicity to human cells. AFt is obtained by dialysis of ferritin (Ft), and is able to exploit the overexpressed transferrin TfR1 receptor on breast cancer cells, thus providing selectivity. The anti-tumour agent 5F 203 induces activation of the cytochrome p450 1a1 (cyp1a1) gene, causing cancer cell death via the formation of DNA adducts. The effect of this compound will be studied on breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. As diagnostic agents, QDs (nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-10 nm) have shown great potential for imaging. After stimulation by light absorption, they have the ability to emit at different wavelengths depending on their size. In this study, PbS QDs were investigated, which emit light in the second near infrared (NIR) close-up window between 900 and 1300 nm. QDs also have a low absorption by biological tissues and lower light scattering, resulting in deeper tissue penetration of the emitted light, and are thus show great potential for imaging

Seismic characterization of shallow subsoil with passive seismic prospecting at Rapolano Terme (Northern Apennines, Italy)

Passive seismic surveys have become popular in the last decades. Especially because it shows a high capacity for seismic subsoil characterization for a cheap cost. In particular, it is largely used for identification of seismic amplification site effects. The results have the capacity to define areas with the same seismic behaviour, more precisely whether the ground motion generated by a possible earthquake will be amplified or not. To furnish the results, a large area was covered by the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) single station survey. In addition, few array multi-sensor configurations have been set. The correlation of all results aim to obtain the shear wave velocity - depth profiles and the identification of areas susceptible of seismic motion amplification. As well, another goal of this work is to clarify the presence of the Rapolano Fault (an important geological structure that delimits the East margin of the Siena basin). Finally, this study aspires to confirm the capability of the passive seismic prospecting technique