Copy number of 8q24.3 drives HSF1 expression and patient outcome in cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis

Background: The heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) has been linked to cell proliferation and survival in cancer and has been proposed as a biomarker for poor prognosis. Here, we assessed the role of HSF1 expression in relation to copy number alteration (CNA) and cancer prognosis. Methods: Using 10,287 cancer genomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Cbioportal databases, we assessed the association of HSF1 expression with CNA and cancer prognosis. CNA of 8q24.3 was categorized as diploid (reference), deletion (fewer copies), gain (+ 1 copy) and amplification (>= + 2 copies). Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to assess 5-year survival among those with a first cancer diagnosis and complete follow-up data (N = 9568), categorized per anatomical location and histology, assessing interaction with tumor stage, and expressed as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: We found that only 54.1% of all tumors have a normal predicted 8q24.3 copy number and that 8q24.3 located genes including HSF1 are mainly overexpressed due to increased copies number of 8q24.3 in different cancers. The tumor of patients having respectively gain (+ 1 copy) and amplification (>= + 2 copies) of 8q24.3 display a global increase of 5-year mortality (odds ratio = 1.98, 95% CI 1.22-3.21) and (OR = 2.19, 1.13-4.26) after full adjustment. For separate cancer types, tumor patients with 8q24.3 deletion showed a marked increase of 5-year mortality in uterine (OR = 4.84, [2.75-8.51]), colorectal (OR = 4.12, [1.15-14.82]), and ovarian (OR = 1.83, [1.39-2.41]) cancers; and decreased mortality in kidney cancer (OR = 0.41, [0.21-0.82]). Gain of 8q24.3 resulted in significant mortality changes in 5-year mortality for cancer of the uterus (OR = 3.67, [2.03-6.66]), lung (OR = 1.76, [1.24-2.51]), colorectal (OR = 1.75, [1.32-2.31]) cancers; and amplification for uterine (OR = 4.58, [1.43-14.65]), prostate (OR = 4.41 [3.41-5.71]), head and neck (OR = 2.68, [2.17-3.30]), and stomach (OR = 0.56, [0.36-0.87]) cancers. Conclusions: Here, we show that CNAs of 8q24.3 genes, including HSF1, are tightly linked to 8q24.3 copy number in tumor patients and can affect patient outcome. Our results indicate that the integration of 8q24.3 CNA detection may be a useful predictor for cancer prognosis

Taxe à 75% : un salary cap en Ligue 1 ?

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GaAsPN-based PIN solar cells MBE-grown on GaP substrates: toward the III-V/Si tandem solar cell

International audienceGaAsPN semiconductors are promising material for the elaboration of high efficiencies tandem solar cells on silicon substrates. GaAsPN diluted nitride alloy is studied as the top junction material due to its perfect lattice matching with the Si substrate and its ideal bandgap energy allowing a perfect current matching with the Si bottom cell. We review our recent progress in materials development of the GaAsPN alloy and our recent studies of some of the different building blocks toward the elaboration of a PIN solar cell. A lattice matched (with a GaP(001) substrate, as a first step toward the elaboration on a Si substrate) 1µm-thick GaAsPN alloy has been grown by MBE. After a post-growth annealing step, this alloy displays a strong absorption around 1.8-1.9 eV, and efficient photoluminescence at room temperature suitable for the elaboration of the targeted solar cell top junction. Early stage GaAsPN PIN solar cells prototypes have been grown on GaP (001) substrates, with 2 different absorber thicknesses (1µm and 0.3µm). The external quantum efficiencies and the I-V curves show that carriers have been extracted from the GaAsPN alloy absorbers, with an open-circuit voltage of 1.18 V, while displaying low short circuit currents meaning that the GaAsPN structural properties needs a further optimization. A better carrier extraction has been observed with the absorber displaying the smallest thickness, which is coherent with a low carriers diffusion length in our GaAsPN compound. Considering all the pathways for improvement, the efficiency obtained under AM1.5G is however promising

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged).Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editin

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, with additional contributions from the United States and Japan.The French contribution to X-IFU is funded by CNES, CNRS and CEA. This work has been also supported by ASI (Italian Space Agency) through the Contract 2019-27-HH.0, and by the ESA (European Space Agency) Core Technology Program (CTP) Contract No. 4000114932/15/NL/BW and the AREMBES - ESA CTP No.4000116655/16/NL/BW. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 and PID2020-115325GB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Study of plant carbon allocation under water deficit : impact on sucrose transporters genes expression in source and sink organs

L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les transporteurs de saccharose impliqués dans le développement des organes puits, et plus précisément leur rôle dans la racine des plantes soumises à la contrainte hydrique.L’expression des transporteurs AtSUCs et AtSWEETs a été cartographiée, au cours du développement complet de plantes A. thaliana cultivées en hydroponie, dans la rosette, la hampe, les siliques et les racines. En parallèle, nous avons évalué l’allocation du carbone et le métabolisme des sucres dans la plante entière au cours du développement pour finalement (1) avoir un aperçu de l’allocation du carbone, du métabolisme des sucres ainsi que de l’expression des transporteurs de saccharose et (2) discuter leurs possibles relations.Dans un second temps, nous avons conçu un système de culture en sol innovant appelé « Rhizobox » permettant la récolte de racines propres, l’analyse de l’architecture du système racinaire et l’application de la contrainte hydrique. Lors de la contrainte hydrique, la croissance racinaire est réduite, mais l’exploration en profondeur du système racinaire est maintenue probablement pour améliorer l’absorption d’eau. De plus, même si la rosette soumise à la contrainte hydrique était plus petite, l’export de 14C, vers la racine, était augmenté. Dans le même temps, les niveaux de transcrits des gènes de facilitateurs de saccharose AtSWEET11 et AtSWEET12 ainsi que du gène AtSUC2, un symporteur saccharose:H+ spécifique de la cellule compagne, tous trois impliqués dans le chargement du saccharose dans le phloème, étaient augmentés dans les feuilles des plantes soumises à la contrainte hydrique, corroborant l’augmentation de l’export du carbone vers la racine. De façon intéressante, les niveaux de transcrits des gènes AtSUC2 et d’ASWEET11-15, étaient plus élevés dans les racines stressées, soulignant (1) la potentielle existence d’un déchargement apoplastique du saccharose dans la racine d’A. thaliana et (2) un rôle putatif pour ces transporteurs de saccharose dans le déchargement du saccharose dans la racine étant donné qu’ils sont principalement exprimés dans les zones de la racine où la demande en carbone est importante.The aim of this thesis was to investigate the sucrose transporters involved in sink organs development, and more precisely their role in roots of plants submitted to water deficit.The expression of AtSUCs and AtSWEETs transporters was mapped during the full development of A. thaliana plants grown hydroponically in rosette, stem, siliques and roots. In parallel, we evaluated C partitioning and sugar metabolism in whole plant during development to finally (1) get an insight on C allocation, sugar metabolism and sucrose transporters genes expression and (2) discuss their possible relationships.Secondly, we designed an innovating soil culture system, called “Rhizobox” which allows clean roots harvest, root system architecture analysis and water deficit experiment. Under water deficit, root growth was reduced, but in depth root exploration was maintained probably to improve water uptake. In addition, although shoot submitted to water deficit were smaller, 14C exported to the roots increased. In the same time, the transcript levels of the sucrose effluxers gene AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 and the companion-cell specific sucrose:H+ symporter gene AtSUC2, all three involved in sucrose phloem loading, are up-regulated in leaves of water deficit plants, agreeing with the increase in carbon export to the roots. Interestingly, the transcript levels of AtSUC2, and AtSWEET11-15, were higher in stressed roots, underlying (1) the potential existence of sucrose apoplastic unloading in Arabidopsis roots and (2) a putative role for these sucrose transporters in sucrose unloading in root since they are mainly expressed in root zones where C demand is high

« Homosexualiser » un rituel chrétien. Le Fêtez-Dieu de l’association David & Jonathan

The literature on gay and lesbian Christians focuses on the process of identity negotiation between their religious and sexual identifications. The means fostering this process, however, such as the religious practices proposed by gay or inclusive Churches and organizations, have been understudied. This article deals with a specific ritual of the Parisian group of the organization David & Jonathan: the Fêtez-Dieu. This ritual is neither a traditional rite nor a practice pertaining to “secular forms of religiosity.” Based on ethnographical observations and in-depth interviews with members of the organization David & Jonathan, this article shows how the Fêtez-Dieu articulates a religious socialization and a homosexual socialization, thus encouraging the process of identity tension reduction. The criticisms addressed to the Fêtez-Dieu nonetheless reveal that the ritual operates through different modes of appropriation. Finally, the article aims at contributing to the analysis of homosexual socialization and religious modernity.La littérature sur les chrétien·ne·s gays et lesbiennes souligne en particulier les renégociations identitaires qu’ils et elles opèrent entre leur identification religieuse et leur identification sexuelle. Les moyens de ces renégociations, comme les pratiques religieuses proposées par les Églises inclusives et les organisations LGBT confessionnelles, restent cependant peu documentés. Cet article s’intéresse au rituel du Fêtez-Dieu du groupe parisien de l’association David & Jonathan. Il s’agit d’un rituel spécifique en ce qu’il n’est ni un rite traditionnel proposé par une dénomination religieuse inclusive instituée, ni une pratique issue des « religiosités séculières ». Sur la base d’observations ethnographiques et d’entretiens avec des membres de David & Jonathan, l’article montre comment le rituel du Fêtez-Dieu articule une socialisation religieuse à une socialisation homosexuelle, favorisant ainsi la réduction de la tension identitaire. Les critiques adressées au Fêtez-Dieu révèlent toutefois différents modes d’appropriation du rituel. L’article espère ainsi contribuer à l’analyse des socialisations homosexuelles secondaires et de la modernité religieuse

French 75% tax rate : an opportunity ti optimize the attractivness of the french soccer league

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La prise de décision en management stratégique : l’économie comme bâton de pèlerin

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