Food Insecurity and its relation to Socioeconomic Inequities, Food Diversity and Obesity: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study among Indigenous Women in the Lake Atitlán Area, Guatemala

Background: Guatemala faces several challenges related to high levels of poverty, malnutrition, and food insecurity, despite being classified as an upper-middle-income country. These problems are a reflection of the country's historical inequalities and the perpetuation of conditions that affect the health and economic development of the most vulnerable populations. Aim: The present study aimed to assess food insecurity in households of Tz'utujil Maya women living around Lake Atitlán, in Guatemala, and to relate it to socioeconomic factors, dietary diversity, and anthropometric measures. Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study investigated the subsample of women responsible for food provision in their households, who had previously participated in the Respiratory Health in the Lake Atitlan (2021). Data were collected via digital questionnaires using the Kobotoolbox software. The assessed variables included food insecurity, measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), socio-demographic information, dietary diversity assessed by the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W), and levels of general and abdominal obesity, evaluated through anthropometric measures. The study population comprised 86 Tz'utujil Mayan women aged 18-49 years who were recruited over a three-week period in the municipality of San Pablo la Laguna, Guatemala. Results: The prevalence of severe food insecurity stood at 64%, with only one household (1.2%) reported as food secure. Notably, 28% experienced moderate food insecurity, and 7% faced mild insecurity. However, economic hardship was widespread, as 97% of households experienced monetary poverty, and educational attainment was relatively low, with 64% having incomplete or only primary education. Furthermore, just 12.8% of households could afford the daily food basket per household size. Despite these health concerns, the majority (92%) achieved minimum dietary diversity. The average body mass index (BMI) was 30.1 kg/m², with 49% classified as obese. Additionally, 59% had high waist circumference, with 50% showing increased central adiposity, and 29% displaying high central adiposity based on the waist-to-height ratio. Conclusions: This study reveals the worrying reality for indigenous Mayan Tz'utujil women in San Pablo, Guatemala, with two-thirds of the assessed households facing severe food insecurity. A complexity of factors relevant for community health were found, such as high levels of poverty, low levels of schooling, as well as high levels of both obesity and stunting.M.Phil. in Global Health - ThesisINTH395AMAMD-GLO

ANTOLOGÍA DE LA UNIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE DE PRÁCTICAS PROFESIONALES

ANTOLOGÍ

Three Realizations and Comparison of Hardware for Piezoresistive Tactile Sensors

Tactile sensors are basically arrays of force sensors that are intended to emulate the skin in applications such as assistive robotics. Local electronics are usually implemented to reduce errors and interference caused by long wires. Realizations based on standard microcontrollers, Programmable Systems on Chip (PSoCs) and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been proposed by the authors for the case of piezoresistive tactile sensors. The solution employing FPGAs is especially relevant since their performance is closer to that of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) than that of the other devices. This paper presents an implementation of such an idea for a specific sensor. For the purpose of comparison, the circuitry based on the other devices is also made for the same sensor. This paper discusses the implementation issues, provides details regarding the design of the hardware based on the three devices and compares them.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government under contracts TEC2006-12376 and TEC2009-14446

Servicio al cliente, propuesta y evidencias aplicadas en la empresa Torres Guarín asesores de seguros.

En el actual trabajo se presentará una estrategia de mejora, desarrollada y aplicada según conocimientos previos académicos más lecturas de autores acordes al proceso que se aplicó con resultados positivos para la organización, de lo cual se pudo evidenciar en los resultados presentados, y que sirvió como peldaño a tener en cuenta en un proceso de ascenso. En la organización TORRES GUARIN asesores de seguros, en su rama de seguros de vida SURA empresarios, específicamente con las empresas afiliadas, en donde se tomará como base el servicio al cliente fuera de las instalaciones de la empresa, es decir; dentro del entorno laboral del asegurado, por medio de estrategias fundamentadas en teorías administrativas, que ayudarán a mantener los clientes y sus pagos por primas, aumentar y mejorar la cartera actual de seguro de vida empresarios suramericana y generar un mayor reconocimiento de la marca a nivel empresarial. En las décadas del siglo xx muchas empresas se subieron al carro del servicio, invirtiendo en iniciativas de servicio y promoviendo la calidad en el servicio, como formas para la ventaja competitiva, en efecto una dedicación al servicio de calidad ha sido la base del éxito para las empresas (Zeithaml, Mary Bitner, & Dwayne D. Gremler, 2009, pág. 11

Solución de dos casos de estudio bajo tecnología cisco

Este documento trata sobre la solución de dos casos de estudio del curso de Redes CISCO. El número uno, era sobre los temas básicos desarrollados en el curso redes CCNA1, se consiguió con una revisión general de los conceptos básicos de la red, estructura, componentes, operación, modelos, etc, y con la implementación de una propuesta presentada por el curso donde se desarrollo una red WAN para una empresa nacional. En el ejercicio número dos, los temas tratados fueron sobre el curso CCNA2, el tema central era el enrutamiento y todos los componentes de sus diferentes partes, las clasificaciones, las diferencias, etc. Esto se logra a través del desarrollo de una red wan compuesta por diferentes protocolos y topologías, buscando tomar ventaja de cada una, nos dio la oportunidad de ver practicamente todas las ventajas y las desventajas en funcionamiento, gracias al programa simulador de red. El programa de redes que se utilizó para las simulaciones fue el Packet Tracert, nos dio una visión casi real y constante "feedback" durante las pruebas de los ejercicios, ademas dio la oportunidad de realizar ajustes en el ejercicio, así como de resolver los “baches" académicos que aparecieron en su desarrollo. Estos "vacíos de conocimiento" se resolvieron a través de un difícil proceso de investigación en la documentación del curso y de otras diferentes fuentes en la Internet, con la oportunidad de profundizar en los temas del curso y el fortalecimiento de los conocimientos, generando mayor interés en temas relacionados.This document is about the solution to two case studies of the course of CISCO Networking. The number one, was about the basic topics developed in the networks CCNA1 course, it was got with a general review of the basic network concepts, structure, components, operation, models, etc, and with the implementation of a proposal submitted by the academic team of the course where development of a wan network for a national company. In the exercise number two, the topics treated was about the CCNA2 course, the central theme was the routing and all its different components, parts, classifications, differences, etc. This was achieved through the development of a wan network composed for differents protocols and topologies, searching to take advantage of each one, It gives us the chance to see practicaly every advantage and disadvantage in operation, thanks at network simulator program. The networking program Packet Tracert was used for the simulations, this software gave us a view almost real and constant "retroalimentacion" during the testing of the exercises, gave us the chance of make adjustments to the exercise, and also of solve the "bumps" academics that appeared in their development. These "knowledge gaps" were solved across an difficult process of investigation in the course's documentation and others differents sources in the Internet, with the opportunity to go deeper into the topics of the course of networks and the reinforcement of knowledge generating greater interest in related topic

Neurotoxic effects of exposure to glyphosate in rat striatum: effects and mechanisms of action on dopaminergic neurotransmission

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of action of glyphosate and a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on dopaminergic neurotransmission in the rat striatum. Acute exposure to glyphosate or GBH, administered by systemic (75 or 150 mg/kg, i.p.) or intrastriatal (1, 5, or 10 mM for 1 h) routes, produced significant concentration-dependent increases in dopamine release measured in vivo by cerebral microdialysis coupled to HPLC with electrochemical detection. Systemic administration of glyphosate also significantly impaired motor control and decreased striatal acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant capacity. At least two mechanisms can be proposed to explain the glyphosate-induced increases in extracellular dopamine levels: increased exocytotic dopamine release from synaptic vesicles or inhibition of dopamine transporter (DAT). Thus, we investigated the effects of intrastriatal administration of glyphosate (5 mM) in animals pretreated with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or reserpine. It was observed that TTX (10 or 20 μM) had no significant effect on glyphosate-induced dopamine release, while reserpine (10 mg/kg i.p) partially but significantly reduced the dopamine release. When glyphosate was coinfused with nomifensine (50 μM), the increase in dopamine levels was significantly higher than that observed with glyphosate or nomifensine alone. So, two possible hypotheses could explain this additive effect: both glyphosate and nomifensine act through different mechanisms at the dopaminergic terminals to increase dopamine levels; or both nomifensine and glyphosate act on DAT, with glyphosate simultaneously inhibiting reuptake and stimulating dopamine release by reversing the DAT function. Future research is needed to determine the effects of this pesticide at environmentally relevant doses.Xunta de GaliciaUniversidade de Vigo/CISU

Rescue of Stingless bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) nests: an important form of mitigating impacts caused by deforestation

As stingless bees are important pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, their preservation is of vital importance to sustain the global ecosystem and to safeguard human food resources. The construction of large dams for the production of energy involves the removal of wide extents of riparian vegetation, where many species of bees, especially Meliponini, build their nests. The rescue of bee colonies is essential, not only in the conservation of pollinators, but also in the use of these colonies in meliponiculture and biological research. The aim of this work was to describe the procedures used in the rescue of stingless bee colonies at the time of deforestation, prior to initiating construction of a large dam in the Madeira River (Amazon Basin, Brazil). With simple equipment and widely known methods of meliponiculture 287 stingless bee nests were rescued, of which 15.7% were reallocated and 26.5% perished. The remaining 57.8% recovered well and were donated to local stingless beekeepers. The rescue of Meliponini nests during deforestation, besides resulting in the conservation of numerous colonies of various species, also contributes to the generation of environmental and social benefits

Current Situation of Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Pet Rabbits in Spain

Rabbits are the second most common specialty pet among households in Europe and the USA. However, research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pet rabbits is very scarce. Therefore, scientific data on AMR in pet rabbits is urgently needed as a guide for veterinarian clinicians to optimize antibiotic use in rabbits for reducing the selection of antibiotic resistance. In addition, antimicrobial stewardship programs should be conducted to educate rabbit owners not to misuse antibiotics on their pets as it may put their own health at risk. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current state of AMR in rabbits attended to in veterinary clinics distributed in Spain to highlight the importance of addressing AMR under the One Health approach. Research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pet rabbits is very scarce. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current state of AMR in rabbits attended to in veterinary clinics distributed in Spain. Records of 3596 microbiological results of clinical cases submitted from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed. Staphylococcus spp. (15.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.7%), Pasteurella spp. (10%), Bordetella spp. (9.6%) and Streptococcus spp. (6.8%) were the most frequently diagnosed agents. Enterobacteriaceae, principally Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, accounted for about 18% of the cases and showed the highest proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates, with 48%, 57.5% and 36% of MDR, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility testing for a number of antimicrobial categories/families, the largest proportion of isolates showing resistance to a median of five antimicrobial categories was observed in P. aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkolderia spp. In contrast, infections caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus spp. and Pasteurella multocida were highly sensitive to conventional antimicrobials authorized for veterinary use (categories D and C). The emergence of AMR major nosocomial opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia and K. pneumoniae in pet rabbits can represent a serious public health challenge. Consequently, collaboration between veterinarians and human health professionals is crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, to optimize, rationalize and prudently use antimicrobial therapies in domestic animals and humans

Radiological profile of anemia on unenhanced MDCT of the thorax

Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic value of unenhanced MDCT in anemic patients. Fifty consecutive patients with proven anemia and 50 nonanemic matched group for age, sex and body mass index were evaluated. In either group, hemoglobin levels were assessed no more than 24h from an unenhanced CT of the thorax. For each patient, the presence of a hyperattenuating aortic wall (aortic ring sign) and/or dense interventricular septum (subjective parameters) were identified by two radiologists who were blinded to the laboratory findings. Furthermore, the aortic CT attenuation values (objective parameter) were also obtained and correlated with the hemoglobin levels. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting anemia were calculated for each variable, and ROC analysis was generated for subjective and objective parameters. Subjective image analysis revealed that the aortic ring sign was more sensitive than the interventricular septum sign for anemia detection (84% vs. 72%), whereas this latter sign was more specific (100% vs. 92%). A good correlation (r = 0.60) was observed between the aortic CT attenuation values and the hemoglobin levels in the whole study population. Using a threshold of ≤35HU for anemia diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of aortic CT attenuation value were 84% and 94%, respectively, with the largest area under the curve (0.89) among all diagnostic criteria. However, the best trade-off between sensitivity (80%) and specificity (100%) was obtained from combining both subjective and objective analysis. Interpreting anemia upon unnenhanced MDCT of the thorax is quite feasible. A diagnostic approach that considers both subjective and objective analysis offers the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificit