A Path Analysis to Identify Factors Influencing the Provision of Water in Addition to Breast Milk by Mothers of Infants under Six Months of Age in Conakry and Kindia Regions, Republic of Guinea

Water provision to infants under six months of age (IU6M) can hamper exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Understanding factors and their relationships influencing this practice is needed to tailor EBF promotion programs. Using a validated questionnaire, this study aims to identify pathways in which individual factors and the environment interact to affect the provision of water in addition to breast milk among 300 mothers of IU6M. Our finding shows that 75% of mothers intended to provide water in addition to breast milk to their IU6M and that about 60% reported doing it. Results of the final path show that the subjective norm/SN (β = 0.432, p < 0.001), the attitude (β = 0.349, p < 0.001), and to a lesser extent the perceived control/PC (β = 0.141, p = 0.005) predict the intention of mothers to provide water in addition to breast milk to their IU6M. The environment scores predict the attitude (β = 0.210, p = 0.001) and the SN (β = 0.284, p < 0.001). Having the mother practicing early breastfeeding initiation at birth positively predicted the PC score (β = 0.157, p = 0.017) and predicted an increasing score of SN (β = 0.221, p = 0.003). Even though predicting the final behavior is complex, this research provides directions to nutrition education programs to tailor their content to the context and be more efficient in reducing the proportion of women providing water to their IU6M, hence contributing to the improvement of EBF

Odds of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in School-Aged Children From Official Language Minority Communities

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to assess the odds of suffering from anxiety or depression symptoms based on the presence of certain determinants of health for youth living in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, and in two linguistically different Official Language Minority Communities (OLMCs) in the same province.Methods: With a sample of 22,329 students from grades 7 to 12 in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, logistic regressions were performed to assess each determinant of health's effect on symptoms of anxiety and depression.Results: Some social determinants, like family support, social support and food insecurity, were identified as important determinants of mental health status regardless of linguistic group membership or community membership, while other determinants, such as alcohol use, cannabis use and natural environment, were more prominent in one OLMC than the other.Discussion: Social psychology and public health theories are used in an attempt to explain the results. Limitations and recommendations are also brought forward

The Combined Effect of Ethnic Identity Strength and Profiles on the Mental Health of Acadian University Students : A Portrait of New Brunswick’s Regions

This two-part study aims to examine the moderating effect of ethnic identity strength on the relationship between ethnic identity profiles and mental health among Acadian university students who occupy a relative minority or majority status in the province of New Brunswick. Study 1 tested the factorial structure of an ethnic identity profile measure for Acadian students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor model, resulting in Affirmation, Detachment and Insecurity profiles. In Study 2, results of the moderation analysis revealed that the combination of a strong ethnic identity and an Affirmation profile provides protection against mental health issues for minority-status Acadian students, but not for majority-status Acadian students. Conversely, the combinations of a strong ethnic identity with the Detachment and Insecurity profiles increased the vulnerability of minority-status Acadian students to mental health issues, but not that of majority-status students.Cette étude à deux parties vise à établir l’effet modérateur de la force de l’identité ethnique sur la relation entre les profils identitaires et la santé mentale des étudiants universitaires acadiens qui occupent un statut numérique minoritaire ou un statut numérique majoritaire au Nouveau-Brunswick. L’étude 1 tente d’établir la structure factorielle d’une mesure des profils identitaires chez les étudiants acadiens. Des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires soutiennent un modèle factoriel à trois facteurs, notamment les profils identitaires Affirmation, Détachement et Insécurité. Les résultats d’une analyse de covariance à l’étude 2 révèlent que la combinaison d’une identité ethnique forte et du profil Affirmation protège la santé mentale des étudiants acadiens minoritaires, mais non celle de ceux qui sont majoritaires. À l’opposé, les combinaisons d’une identité ethnique forte et des profils Détachement et Insécurité rendent les étudiants acadiens minoritaires vulnérables à des problèmes de santé mentale, mais non les étudiants acadiens majoritaires

Les déterminants de la résilience et de la réussite scolaire : une approche bayésienne

Avec un échantillon de 22 113 élèves de la 7e à la 12e année du Nouveau-Brunswick, les déterminants de la résilience et de la réussite scolaire ont été identifiés à l’échelle provinciale et pour chacune des 7 zones de santé. Pour ce faire, cette étude adopte une approche méthodologique en trois étapes. D’abord, des régressions logistiques fréquentielles ont été utilisées pour faire un tri préliminaire des déterminants. Ensuite, des régressions logistiques bayésiennes avec 20 000 simulations MCMC ont permis de préciser les estimations et enfin, des calculs de probabilité à l’aide de profils d’élèves fictifs ont été effectués.With a sample of 22,113 students from the 7th to the 12th grade in New Brunswick, the determinants of resilience and academic achievement were identified at the provincial level and for each of the province’s seven health zones. To do so, this study used a three-step methodology. The first was two frequentist logistic regressions to do a preliminary sorting of the determinants. The second was a series of Bayesian logistic regressions with 20,000 MCMC simulations to narrow the estimations, and finally, probability calculations were run with fictitious student profiles

L’impact du statut socio-économique sur les habitudes alimentaires, les compétences culinaires, l’environnement alimentaire et l’indice de masse corporelle de jeunes francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick

L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer l’impact du statut socio-économique des parents sur les habitudes alimentaires, les compétences culinaires, l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l’environnement alimentaire des jeunes francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick. La population cible est consistée de parents de jeunes de la 5e et de la 6e année du district scolaire francophone sud de la province du Nouveau-Brunswick. Les données ont été recueillies grâce à des entretiens téléphoniques semi-structurés menés auprès de 43 participant·e·s, et à un questionnaire informatisé distribué à 120 participant·e·s. L’analyse quantitative des données illustre des corrélations statistiquement significatives entre plusieurs variables à l’étude. Plus spécifiquement, les résultats suggèrent qu’un revenu familial plus élevé a une influence positive sur la consommation quotidienne de légumes et de fruits des enfants. L’analyse montre par ailleurs qu’un niveau d’éducation plus élevé chez les participant·e·s avait également une influence positive quant à la préparation par les enfants de leurs propres collations. Et à l’implication de ces derniers dans les activités culinaires en général, les barrières perçues par les parents étant alors moins limitantes.The objective of this study is to assess the impact of francophone parents’ socioeconomic status on eating habits, cooking skills, BMI (body mass index) and the food environment of their children in New Brunswick. The target population consists of parents of children in grades 5 and 6 in the southern French-speaking district of the province of New Brunswick. The data was collected through semi-structured telephone interviews with 43 parents, as well as using online questionnaires with 120 other parents. The quantitative analysis of the data shows statistically significant correlations between variables examined in this study. Specifically, the results found that a higher family income had a positive influence on the daily consumption of vegetables and fruits of the children. In addition, higher levels of education had a positive influence on the children’s preparation of their own snacks and on the barriers perceived by parents with regards to the involvement of their children in cooking activities

X chromosome gene dosage as a determinant of congenital malformations and of age-related comorbidity risk in patients with Turner syndrome, from childhood to early adulthood

International audienceObjective Turner Syndrome is associated with several phenotypic conditions associated with a higher risk of subsequent comorbidity. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of congenital malformations and the occurrence of age-related comorbid conditions and to determine whether the frequencies of congenital and acquired conditions depend on X chromosome gene dosage, as a function of karyotype subgroup. Design and methods This national retrospective observational cohort study includes 1501 patients. We evaluated the prevalence of congenital malformations and the cumulative incidence of subsequent specific comorbidities at five-year intervals, from the ages of 10 to 30 years, with stratification by karyotype subgroup: 45,X (n = 549), 45,X/46,isoXq (n = 280), 46,X,r(X)/46,XX (n = 106), 45,X/46,XX (n = 221), presence of Y (n = 87). Results Median age was 9.4 (3.7-13.7) years at first evaluation and 16.8 (11.2-21.4) years at last evaluation. Congenital heart (18.9%) malformations were more frequent in 45,X patients, and congenital renal (17.2%) malformations were more frequent in 45,X, 45,X/46,isoXq and 46,X,r(X)/46,XX patients than in those with 45,X/46,XX mosaicism or a Y chromosome (P < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of subsequent acquired conditions, such as thyroid disease, hearing loss, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia and, to a lesser extent, celiac disease, glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes, hypertension and liver dysfunction increased with age, but less markedly for patients with mosaicism than for those with other karyotypes. Patients with a ring chromosome were more prone to metabolic disorders. Conclusion These data suggest that X gene chromosome dosage, particularly for Xp genes, contributes to the risk of developing comorbidities

Neoliberal natures on the farm: Farmer autonomy and cooperation in comparative perspective

The struggle over autonomy in farming is emblematic of the philosophical and practical tensions inherent in solving multi-scalar environmental issues. We explore the multiplicities of autonomy through comparative case studies of agricultural cooperation in England, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Brazil, which allow consideration of the implications of a range of approaches to managing farmed environments under different variations of neoliberalism. The original data emerge from separate projects examining aspects of cooperative autonomy in relation to the effects of the neoliberalisation of nature in agriculture. The comparative examination of autonomy and cooperation across distinct agri-food contexts highlights diversity in the social, ecological and economic outcomes of alternative forms of agri-environmental governance. This analysis provides a sobering corrective to both the over-romanticization of cooperation across global peasant movements and the over-romanticization of the individual entrepreneur in agroindustrial and family farming sectors. Our examination highlights the need for greater attention to the relationships between actors at and across different scales (the farm level, organizations and communities, the state, and industry) to understand how, in contrasting contexts of neoliberalisation, alternative conceptions of autonomy serve to mediate particular interventions and their material environmental consequences. A focus on actual autonomy, via the peasant principle and territorial cooperatives, creates an opening in theoretical and political dialogue to bridge concerns about farmers, livelihoods, and environmental outcomes