The smaller vesicomyid bivalves in the genus Isorropodon (Bivalvia, Vesicomyidae, Pliocardiinae) also harbour chemoautotrophic symbionts

Species of Isorropodon are vesicomyid bivalves for which little information is available regarding host phylogeny and bacterial symbioses. In this study we investigated the symbioses in three Isorropodon species from three cold seep areas: Isorropodon bigoti (Gulf of Guinea), Isorropodon megadesmus (Gulf of Cadiz) and Isorropodon perplexum (Eastern Mediterranean). Analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences demonstrated that each vesicomyid species harbours a single symbiont phylotype, that symbionts from the three species cluster together, and that they are closely related to other known vesicomyid symbionts. These results are confirmed by other marker genes (encoding 23S rRNA and APS reductase) and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Due to their extended depth range and transoceanic distribution Isorropodon species are interesting examples to further study evolutionary processes in bivalve hosts and their associated symbionts

Tracing the Local: The Translator-Travellee in French Accounts of India

This paper seeks to trace the presence of the “translator-travellee” in the construction and dissemination of French travel writing on India from the eighteenth century. Drawing on the concept of “language as a local practice” (Pennycook 2010), it examines the travellers’ descriptions of India’s linguistic landscape to underscore the interactional history of representation that the conventions of European travel writing have tended to elide, particularly in the context of the subcontinent. The local in this paper is approached as a process inextricably linked with the social and the historical, and its exploration is aimed at rendering visible the role of the Indian translator/interpreter in embedding vernacular knowledge in international discursive networks at a crucial period in the subcontinent’s encounter with the West.El presente trabajo busca rastrear la presencia del “traductor-travelee” en la construcción y diseminación de los relatos de viaje franceses acerca de la India en el S. XVIII. Con base en el concepto de la “lengua como una práctica local” (Pennycook 2010), investigamos las descripciones del paisaje lingüístico de la India realizadas por los viajeros; en ellas buscamos resaltar la historia interaccional de representación que las convenciones de la escritura de viaje europea han tendido a omitir, especialmente en lo referente al subcontinente. Abordamos lo local como un proceso indisociable del social y del histórico y lo exploramos con el fin de otorgar visibilidad al papel del traductor/intérprete de la India en la incorporación del conocimiento vernáculo a redes discursivas internacionales en un periodo crucial del encuentro entre el subcontinente y Occidente.Cet article a pour objet de retracer la présence du “traducteur-visité” dans la construction et la diffusion de récits de voyage sur l’Inde par des Français au dix-huitième siècle. En s’appuyant sur la notion de “langue comme pratique locale” (Pennycook 2010), l’auteure examine les descriptions du paysage linguistique de l’Inde afin de souligner l’élision de l’histoire interactionnelle de la représentation en raison des conventions régissant les récits de voyage européens, particulièrement dans le contexte du sous-continent. Le local est considéré ici comme un processus inextricablement lié au social et à l’historique, et son exploration vise à mettre en relief le rôle du traducteur/interprète indien dans l’enchâssement des savoirs vernaculaires dans les réseaux discursifs internationaux à un moment décisif de la rencontre entre l’Inde et l’Occident.Este trabalho procura rastrear a presença do “tradutor-travellee” na construção e disseminação da literatura de viagem francesa sobre a Índia no século XVIII. Com base no conceito de “língua como prática local” (Pennycook 2010), examinam-se as descrições da paisagem linguística da Índia feitas por viajantes a fim de sublinhar os registros interacionais da representação que as convenções da literatura de viagem europeia tenderam a elidir, especialmente no contexto do subcontinente.  O local é aqui abordado como um processo indissociável do social, do histórico, os quais exploramos com o objetivo de tornar visível o papel do tradutor/intérprete indiano na incorporação do conhecimento vernáculo em redes discursivas internacionais, em um período crucial do encontro do subcontinente com o Ocidente

Pluggable single-mode fiber-array-to-pic coupling using micro-lenses

Single-mode optical coupling between fiber and photonic integrated circuit (PIC) requires precision alignment and bonding, and significantly adds to the cost of photonic packaging. This article describes how a pair of micro-lens arrays-one on the Si-PIC and the other on the fiber-array-can be used to achieve fiber-to-PIC grating-coupling with an insertion-loss of 1.7 dB (i.e., a coupling efficiency of 68%) at 1300 nm, and a 1 dB alignment tolerance of +/- 30 mu m. Such relaxed tolerances allow for a "pluggable" connector to have a make-break insertion-loss reproducibility of 0.2 dB (one standard deviation)

Toḥfat al-moḥebbīn. Dar ā’īn-e ḫošnevīsī va laṭāyef-e ma‘navī-e ān. Be ešrāf-e M. T. Dāneš-Pažūh, be kūšeš-e Karāmat Ra‘nā-Ḥoseynī va Īraj Afšār, Tehrān, Našr-e Noqṭe, 1376/1997, 373 p., index.

Deuxième traité en persan connu, le premier ayant été celui de ‘Abdollāh Seyrafī-e Tabrīzī (auteur du 8e/14e s. qui vivait encore en 744/1343). L’auteur est un descendant de Rūzbehān Baqlī Šīrāzī ; il était lui aussi soufi (voir Rūzbehān-nāme, de M. T. Dāneš-Pažūh). Il a rédigé ce traité en Inde en 858/1454. Le manuscrit a été ramené en France par Anquetil-Duperron et se trouve à la B.N.F. (Blochet, Catalogue, vol. 2, 1912-3, 302-3). Il en existe un deuxième ms. à Patna en Inde. Description d..

Success of Vaginal Deliveries Among Women in Labor with Previous Cesarean Section: Analysis of 50 Cases

This study was purposed to evaluate the success of vaginal deliveries after cesarean (VBAC). This case-series-study was conducted in Zainoel Abidin and Ibu dan Anak Hospital, as referral and teaching Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, from January until October 2011 with descriptive analytic method. The outcomes were the success of VBAC. There were 50 subjects attempted VBAC. From 50 subjects who attempted VBAC, 45 subjects (90%) were succeed in vaginal delivery, 5 subjects (10%) were unsuccessful and had to undergo emergency C-Section. The parameters which were likely to contribute to the success of vaginal delivery in subjects who attempted VBAC were gestational age less than 40 weeks, the progress of cervical dilatation of less than 1 cm in 60 minutes, more ripened cervix on the labor. Parameters such as lower baby's weight and history of vaginal delivery also result in the success of VBAC. Gestational age, Bishop score, and the progress of cervical dilatation contributed to higher success of VBAC

Are organic falls bridging reduced environments in the deep sea?: Results from colonization experiments in the Gulf of Cadiz

Organic falls create localised patches of organic enrichment and disturbance where enhanced degradation is mediated by diversified microbial assemblages and specialized fauna. The view of organic falls as “stepping stones” for the colonization of deep-sea reducing environments has been often loosely used, but much remains to be proven concerning their capability to bridge dispersal among such environments. Aiming the clarification of this issue, we used an experimental approach to answer the following questions: Are relatively small organic falls in the deep sea capable of sustaining taxonomically and trophically diverse assemblages over demographically relevant temporal scales Are there important depth- or site-related sources of variability for the composition and structure of these assemblages? Is the proximity of other reducing environments influential for their colonization? We analysed the taxonomical and trophic diversity patterns and partitioning (α- and β-diversity) of the macrofaunal assemblages recruited in small colonization devices with organic and inorganic substrata after 1-2 years of deployment on mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cádiz. Our results show that small organic falls can sustain highly diverse and trophically coherent assemblages for time periods allowing growth to reproductive maturity, and successive generations of dominant species. The composition and structure of the assemblages showed variability consistent with their biogeographic and bathymetric contexts. However, the proximity of cold seeps had limited influence on the similarity between the assemblages of these two habitats and organic falls sustained a distinctive fauna with dominant substrate-specific taxa. We conclude that it is unlikely that small organic falls may regularly ensure population connectivity among cold seeps and vents. They may be a recurrent source of evolutionary candidates for the colonization of such ecosystems. However, there may be a critical size of organic fall to create the necessary intense and persistent reducing conditions for sustaining typical chemosymbiotic vent and seep organisms

: Marx-Debatte und Postcolonial Studies im Dialog

Ausgehend von einem vierdimensionalen, unter Rückgriff auf postcolonial studies und global history entwickelten Eurozentrismus-Begriff verfolgt der Text Marx' Auseinandersetzung mit nicht-westlichen Gesellschaften durch sein ganzes Werk. Die Indien-Artikel von 1853 erweisen sich als in jeglicher Hinsicht eurozentrisch. Sie stützen sich u.a. auf einen Reisebericht François Berniers, der als Quelle von Marx eine genauere Untersuchung erfährt. Während Marx' Auseinandersetzung mit der indischen Revolte von 1857-59 ebenfalls noch von Eurozentrismus zeugt, finden sich in den Schriften zum englischen Kolonialismus in Irland erste Differenzierungen. In der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie dagegen wimmelt es noch von orientalistischen Motiven. Anders in Marx' Spätwerk, wo sich in den Exzerpten ab 1879 und der Diskussion mit den russischen Sozialrevolutionären ein Bruch mit dem Eurozentrismus profiliert. Die Entwicklung von Marx' Denken zeigt, dass dessen oftmals vorschnelles Verwerfen in den postcolonial studies fahrlässig ist. Gleichzeitig muss die Marx-Debatte von postcolonial studies lernen, wenn es darum geht, globalen Kapitalismus, historischen Fortschritt und kontingente Entwicklung zu denken.En partant d'un concept d'eurocentrisme à quatre dimension, développé à l'aide des études postcoloniales et de l'histoire globale, je me propose de suivre l'analyse des sociétés extra-européennes par Marx à travers tout son œuvre. Les articles sur l'Inde de 1853 se révèlent eurocentriques à tous égards. Ils se basent entre outre sur le récit de voyage de François Bernier que j'analyse de près. Tandis que les écrits sur la révolte en Inde de 1857-59 témoignent encore de l'eurocentrisme, des premières différenciations se font entendre dans les textes consacrés au colonialisme anglais en Irlande. La critique de l'économie politique par contre fait abondamment preuve d'orientalismes. Dans l'œuvre du dernier Marx se profile en revanche une rupture avec l'eurocentrisme, notamment dans les extraits depuis 1879 et la discussion avec les révolutionnaires russes. Ce développement de la pensée de Marx montre que sa condamnation dans les études postcoloniales est précipitée et négligente. En même temps, le débat sur Marx devrait apprendre des études postcoloniales pour penser le capitalisme global, le progrès historique et le développement contingent

Biomass and mass balance isotope content of mussel seep populations

Cold seep mussels, Bathymodiolus childressi, are common cold seep constituents that form large populations at upper continental slope (500-1000 m) cold seep sites in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. These mussels utilize methane present through symbiotic relationships with methanotrophic bacteria. This study uses a coupled isotope technique to determine the relative incorporation of respiratory carbon in the shell as a measure of the availability of methane between different seep sites. This method indicates a higher abundance of methane at the Brine Pool site than at the Bush Hill site which appears significantly more resource limited and that changes in methane availability can arise on both decadal and yearly time scales. The method has implications for determining long term methane abundances in both archived samples and disarticulated shells with a relative minimum of additional cost. Additionally, analysis of the means and standard deviations of & #948;15N, & #948;13C, and & #948;34S of mussel soft tissue can provide indications of the presence and variability of those resources across time and space. These analyses indicate the utilization of unique resources, specifically ammonium and thermogenic or biogenic methane, between the two sites. The difference in resources at each site can support further development of unique mixing models for each site that utilize the resources present and not a single blanket analysis using similar resource values for all cold seep sites

The encounter of Schopenhauer with Indian thought: influence and legitimacy

This article aims to present differents positions regarding the encounter of Schopenhauer with Indian thought. The issue of the influence and legitimacy of this encounter has been a matter of debate between indologists and Schopenhauer interpreters for over a century, which is far from being resolved by a single answer