Rejuvenation and Characterization of Local Rice Germplasm (Orya sativa L.) Under Organic Cultivation Syste

The research was carried out to rejuvenate and evaluate the performances of plant characters of rice genotyps to produce a pure lines that are suitable for organic cultivation method. Thirty genotypes of the selected local rice were conducted to evaluate the phenotype performances under the organic cultivation method. The rice genotypes were utilized in this experiment to evaluate their morpho-agronomic characters under organic cultivation system. Characterization of seed performances of each accession was described and catalogued to identify their accession traits. In addition, genotypic differences and similarities were also characterized and catalogued. Duplicate accessions were eliminated from the same variety or nearly identical variants of a variety. The morpho-agronomic performances of plant height, number of tillers, lifespan, number of panicles, filled grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield potential, and harvest index were clearly affected by the genotype. The results showed that the genotypes were greatly varied the morphoagronomic performances. , if organic system was applied, it was found that the responses of rice growth and yield of local varieties of Aceh is better than rice varieties cultivated by the national and introduction genotype

Exploration of Pulp and Husk of Gayo Arabica Coffee as Raw Material of Pectin – SWOT, Risk and Chemical Component Analysis

Advances  in  waste  management  offer  huge  possibilities  for  economic  and  social  utilization  of residues from coffee production such as the pulp and husk. Coffee pulp are obtained during coffee production around 20-45% of raw material either it processed wet or dry. In Gayo Highland areas, as  a  centre  of  Arabica  production  in  Indonesia,  coffee  production  known  as  semi-drying  process where  numbers  of  coffee  residues  arise  up  to  40%  of  total  coffee  berries.  For  local  farmers  pulp and  husks  often  be  decompose  by  burning,  whether  several  alternatives  have  been  attempted individually,  either  used  as  fertilizer,  livestock  feed  and  compost.  However  the  applications  above cover  only  small  number  of  robust  coffee  residues.  Therefore  studies  have  been  conducted  to explore  possibility  to  extract  pectin  from  coffee  pulp.  Implementation  of  SWOT  analysis  and  Risk Analysis by FMEA gain to enhance the information of strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of extraction pectin from coffee pulp/husks demonstrated that this attempt have higher possibility to be more efficient than others trial for both economically and ecologically. Furthermore, moisture contents,  ash  and  crude  fiber  are  examined  from  fresh  pulp/husk  which  are  stored  in  room temperatures for 16 days, 24 days and 30 days. The data demonstrated that length of storage up to 30 days has impact on increasing ash (up to 12.66% from 1.38%)  and solid fiber contents (up to  28.24%  from  2.70%)  whilst  moisture  are  decreased  (down  to  15.51%  from  86.08%)  which emphasizes  that  delaying  production  or  prolonging  the  storage  of  coffee  residues  might  not  have any impact on product qualit

Morphology and Parasitaemia Development of Plasmodium berghei in Balb/c Mice (Mus musculus)

Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries, where young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. Malaria disease caused by Plasmodium parasite have symptoms that typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma or death. The present study is aimed to monitoring parasitemia level and percentage of parasite morphology as parasitaemia progresses. This research used Plasmodium berghei NK strain obtained from National University of Malaysia which originally from MR4, USA. Design used in this research was completely randomized design, with 2 treatments which were mice without infection and mice with infection of P. berghei parasite. Method used in this research was staining method of thin smear of blood using Giemsa stained and observed by microscopic. Parameter of observation were morphology and development of P. berghei at different level of parasitaemia (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The result showed from microscopic examination of blood slides prepared from the study animals indicated that the ring form was dominant stage obtained at all different stages of infection followed by trophozoite stage. Meanwhile schizont stage was the lowest stage obtained at all different stages observed

Pharmacokinetics Interaction of Glucocorticoids with 99mTc-MDP Radiopharmaceuticals for Bone Imaging Agents and its Biodistribution Pattern

A drug therapy can alter the pharmacokinetic profiles and biodistribution patterns of radiopharmaceuticals.   Glucocorticoids   are   pharmaceutical   drugs   for   anti-inflammatory   by preventing  phospholipid release  and  decreasing  eosinophil action.  To  achieve  an  optimum diagnostic outcome, this research was focused on pharmacokinetics interaction and biodistribution pattern between two kinds of Glucocorticoids drugs i.e. dexamethasone and prednisone with 99mTc- MDP using animal model Mus musculus stock Swiss. 99mTc-MDP has been developed as radiopharmaceutical for bone imaging in nuclear medicine. Mice were divided into three groups, which were treated with dexamethasone by oral administration for 5 days continously, treatment with prednisone by oral administration for 3 days continously and without treatment (control). Pharmacokinetics interaction was conducted by injecting 200mL 99mTc-MDP intravenously administrated using a dose 1 mCi/mL. Biodistribution pattern was conducted by injecting 200 mL99mTc-MDP intravenously administrated using a dose 1 mCi/mL. After 3 hours after intravenousinjection of 99mTc-MDP each of these groups of animals were killed with chloroform and then dissected. Radioactivity of blood samples and selected organs were weighed and counted by using single channel analyzer. The results of pharmacokinetics study showed that the elimination half-life of animal model that given with dexamethasone and prednisone are 4.61 h and 4.63 h more faster than control animals (20.67 h). The results of biodistribution study showed that uptake of 99mTc- MDP in bone using animal models decreased which were given dexamethasone and prednisone compared to normal animals, which following results 3.53 ± 0.49%, 3.47 ± 0.5% and 11.54 ±4.36% (control)

Physiological Seed Performance of Local Aceh and National Release Variety of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Water Stress

Global warming causes changes in rainfall patterns causing lack of water for cultivation (IPPC,2007). About 50% of the rice cultivation area in the world has water shortages which becomes limiting factors of production (Bouman, 2009), hence the need   early detection for drought- resistant varieties with seed physiological test. The experiment carry out at Laboratory Seed Technology and Industry of Agriculture Faculty Syiah Kuala University from April to June 2015. The  experiment in  split plot design 3X10 with 3  replication and  standing roll  wet paper germination method used. Amount of 2250 seed are used for physiological seed performance test. Water stress condition induced with PEG 6000 0%; 12.5%; 25%. Local genotype and national released variety of rice used in this experiment are Bo Santeut, Romokot, Sanbei, Pade mas, Aweuh, Inpari 16, IR 64, Situ Patenggang, and Towuti. Concentrations of Polyethilene Glicol 6000 (PEG 6000) have significant effect on all physiological parameter. Some local rice Aceh genotypes potentially to be cultivated on dry lands to cope water stress conditions

Colonization Ability of Biological Control Agent Tricoderma spp on Cocoa Pod and Seedling

Some  of Trichoderma species  as  antagonistic  fungi  are  usually  considered  soil  microorganism, They  colonize  plant  roots,  some- times  forming  a  symbiotic  relationship.  Three  species  of Trichoderma (T. virens, T. harzianum and T. asperellum) have been inoculated on cacao seedling and  cocoa  pod. Trichoderma species  can  be  re-isolated  from  surface  sterilized  cacao  seedling, including the stem and leaf, root, and pod then observed their colonization ability. Fungal hyphae were observed under the microscope emerging from the leaf, steam, root of seedling and pod as soon as 1 day after their isolation from surface sterilized cacao seedling and pod. All Trichoderma species  were  able  to  enter  and  make  colonization.    The  highest  percentage  of  colonization occurred  in  the T.  harzianum by  73.3%  (leaves),  46.7%  (trunk)  and  86.7%  (roots).  While colonization  on the  skin  cocoa  pod  (epidermis)  also  has  a  different  percentage,  the  highest percentage indicated in the treatment of T. harzianum by 63.3%. We conclude that T. harzianum better  biological  control  agent  base  on  their  ability  to  colonize  all  part  of  seedling and  pod. Trichoderma species into the cacao stem, leaf, root and pod allowing systemic colonization of this tissue

Investigation of the Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment on Local Sweet Potato Starch Characteristics

The aimed of this study was to determine the effect of Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) method on the characteristics of local sweet potato starch. Sweet potato starch were isolated from three varieties, namely based on their flesh colour white, light yellow and purple.  The native sweet potato starch clasified into two groups; non HMT groups and HMT groups. The native sweet potato starch with HMT treatment  were adjusted to moisture content of 25% and exposed to HMT at 110°C for 3 h. The native and treated starches were characterized for starch physicochemical characteristics espescially total dietary fibre (TDF) which is increased significatl

Effect of Corn Extract and Solution of PEG to Increase Viability and Vigour of Sweet Corn Seed Deterioration at Different Incubation Periods

This  study  aims  to  determine  the  combination  of  young  corn  extract  and  PEG  with  an incubation period of seed viability and vigor of the sweet corn expired. The study carried out at  the  Laboratory  of  Seed  Science  and  Technology  Faculty  of  Agriculture,  Syiah  Kuala University,  Darussalam-Banda  Aceh,  which  lasted  from  December  2012  to  July  2013. Materials used in this study is Expired sweet corn seed with 50% germination. Other materials used  are  corn  extract,  PEG  6000,  and  distilled  water.  This  research  used  Completely Randomized  Design (CRD) factorial 4 x 3,  so there are 12  combinations of treatments. Each repeated  three  times,  in  order  to  obtain  36  units  of  the  experiment.  Young  corn  extract concentration factor and solution PEG-2 bar consists of 4 levels, namely: control, 5% + - 2Ψ , 10% + - 2Ψ, and 15% + - 2Ψ. Factors incubation period consists of 3 levels : 18 hours, 24 hours,  and  30  hours.  Variables  measured  were  potential  growth,  germination,  speed  of growth,  growing  unanimity,  vigor  index  and  normal  seedling  dry  weight.  The  results  showed that the concentration of young corn extract very significant effect on the potential variables grow,  germination,  growing  simultaneity,  speed  of  growth,  vigor  index  and  normal  seedling dry  weight.  The  incubation  period  of  very  significant  effect  on  germination  variables, simultaneity  growth,  speed  of  growth  and  vigor  index.  The  incubation  period  significantly affect  the  potential  growth  and  seedling  dry  weight  normal.  There  is  a  significant  interaction between young corn extract concentration and incubation period of the vigor index variables. Control  treatment  (water)  with  an  incubation  period  of  18  hours  is  recommended  as  an alternative to improve the viability and seed vigor of sweet corn expired

Screening of Degenerative Diseases and Quality of Life among Elderly People in Posyandu Lansia Medan Amplas Sub-Districts, Medan

The number of elderly people in Indonesia from year to year is increasing in line with increasing life expectancy. The number of elderly people reached 7.56% of the population. Certainly, the increase in  the  elderly population will be  followed by  an  increased risk  for the  elderly to  suffer from degenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the role of degenerative disease screening and health counseling to the quality of life of the elderly in the health post (Posyandu Lansia). This study was a descriptive analytic with prospective approach by assessing 100 elderly people. Screenings done for examination of blood pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol level, uric acid level, and urine protein. Assessment of quality of life done by using questionnaire of WHOQOL. The elderly in Posyandu Lansia were educated in accordance with the results of the screening and followed up for 4 months. Screening results showed that most elderly people had high blood pressure (89% had high systolic blood pressure and 70% had high diastolic blood pressure). As much as 55% of elderly people had cholesterol levels ≥ 200 mg/dl, while blood sugar levels as ≥ 200 mg/dl were 20% of the elderly and only 20% of respondents who had uric acid levels that exceed normal limits (8,5mg/dl). As many as 13 of respondents indicated a positive result in urine protein. Assessment of the quality of life of elderly based on the score at first examination obtained a mean of 88.26 ± 9.1. Regarding general health status, 21% of elderly felt less satisfied, 47% declared that their health status in normal conditions and 32% felt satisfied with their current health status. The score of quality of life after receiving counseling, obtained a mean of 89.31 ± 7.8. Assessment of general health status showed only 11% of elderly declared unsatisfactory health status. Result of t test showed that there was a significant difference between score of quality of life before and after screening degenerative diseases (p0.05). Screening of degenerative diseases   showed a majority of the elderly had a potential risk to suffer from degenerative diseases. Prevention through screening and health counseling particularly in  Posyandu Lansia can  reduce  morbidity and  mortality in  elderly,  and therefore it will improve quality of life for the elderl

The use of herbal medicine in children

The herbal medicine has been widely used in children for the treatment of several symptoms and the prevention of diseases before accessing the hospital for professionals help. There are 3 kinds of marketed herbal medicine including empirical based herbal medicine (jamu), standardized herbal medicine (obat herbal terstandar) and clininically tested herbal medicine (fitofarmaka). This study aimed to investigate the utilization of the marketed herbal medicine along with non marketed ones which was known as the Indonesian original herbal medicine (Obat Asli Indonesia, OAI) in children. The cross sectional study was conducted by interviewing 91 parents whose children were hospitalized in RSUD Meuraxa, Banda Aceh. The interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire from 4 to 29 September 2014. The result showed that the Indonesian original herbal medicine was used most frequently followed by herbal (jamu), standardized herbal and clininically tested herbal medicine. The utilization of herbal medicine was associated with the knowledge of parents and did not correlate to their economic level. All of the parents did not know the side effects of herbal medicine to their children’s body and  few of them knew  the indication of herbal  remedies. Overall, it was  concluded  that eventhough the knowledge of parents about the safety and activity of herbal medicine was not sufficient the use of herbal medicine in children was commo