SNP Mapping to Locate Anthracnose Resistance in Capsicum spp.

Two SNP maps were constructed from two chili populations including Capsicum annuum x C. chinense PBC932, and C. baccatum PBC80 x CA1316, aiming to identify QTLs for anthracnose resistance. The PBC932-derived map contained 12 linkage groups (LG) with 214 SNPs and 824 cM coverage. The PBC80-derived map contained 12 LGs with 403 SNPs and 1,270 cM coverage. Based on the PBC932 map, two QTLs corresponding to the anthracnose resistances in mature green and ripe fruit stages were identified on the same location of LG2 between two SNPs within 14 cM. Based on the PBC80 map, three QTLs were identified in the ripe fruit stage, which corresponded to different resistance traits that were assayed by different inoculation methods (microinjection or MI and high pressure spray or HP) with two different pathotypes (PCa2 and PCa3). All the three major QTLs for the resistance traits assayed by PCa2/MI, PCa3/MI, and PCa3/HP were located on LG4 between two SNP markers within 17 cM

The Development of Preparedness Board Game as A Learning Media for Natural Disaster

This study was aimed to develop the preparedness board game for natural disaster. The method used was research and development (R D) with ADDIE model which was included five steps, i.e., (i) Analyses, (ii) Design, (iii) Development, (iv) Implementation, and (v) Evaluation. Samples of this study were students of grade VI in MIN Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The quality of the board game was based on the validation results. The validation aspects included were (i) media format, (ii) visual aspects, (iii) media function, and (iv) the clarity of the concepts. Due to the validation aspects, therefore the validation of developed board game were found to be 97.2; 91.7; 88.9; and 100.9 percents, respectively. The results of this study indicated that developed preparedness board game was worth based characteristics of students. Meanwhile, the average assessment of the feasibility assessment aspects of the media was found to be 94.4 percent, which could be decided to very good. It was concluded that learning media preparedness board game could be used in the learning process in the natural disaster material

Inflammation and the Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells are adult non-hematopoietic stem cells with multilineage proliferation and differentiation capabilities. This type of stem cell has the multipotent ability to differentiate into osteocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes and bone marrow stromal cells. The migration mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell is not yet fully understood, but based on studies that have been done recently by the researchers worldwide shown that the inflammatory process plays an important role for mesenchymal stem cell migration. A number of chemokine that plays a role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells such as MCP-1 (CCL2), CXCL8, RANTES (CCL5), LL-37, integrin 1, CD44 receptor, CCR2, CCR3, and tyrosine kinase receptors for the following growth factors: IGF -1, PDGF-bb, HGF and VEG

Adaptation of Some Clones of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the Lowlands and the Use of Manure

This study aims to determine adaptation of some clones of sweet potato in the lowlands and the best manure application on the growth and yield of sweet potato as well as the interaction betweenthe two factors. Research conducted at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture SyiahKuala University, Banda Aceh, with a height of 4 m above sea level, from March to September 2014. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement (2x8), using a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is a manure treatment (control and manure 20 ton/ha), and the subplot is a treatment of types of sweet potato clones (CIP-LSQ, CIP-1945,CIP-MAN, CIP-153, CIP-CER, CIP-BDG), and local clones (beige and orange). The results showed that the best plant growth was found on CIP-153 clone, while the best crop production was CIP- LSQ clone. Growth and crop production was found best on control treatment. There are interactions between manure and clones on weight of the fresh shoot (ton/ha), fresh weight and dry bulb per plant (g), the weight of large tubers (ton/ha) and tubers yield (ton/ha). The best plant growth and production was found on a combination treatment of CIP-LSQ clones and control (without manure)

EFFECT OF BIOCHAR RESIDUE, COMPOST, AND UREA COMBINATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)

The objective of this study was to know the effect of biochar residue, compost and urea fertilization on growth and yield of maize. The research was conducted at University Farm Ie Seum Research Station, Aceh Besar district, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The experimental arranged in a randomized complate block non factorial design with four replications. There were eight treatment combinations: P1 (without biochar residue + without compost + without urea), P2 (without biochar residue + without compost + urea), P3 (without biochar residue + compost + without urea), P4 (without biochar residue + compost + urea), P5 (biochar residue + without compost + without urea), P6 (biochar residue + without compost + urea), P7 (biochar residue + compost + without urea), P8 (biochar residue + compost + urea). Based on the plant growth, biochar residue, compost, and urea fertilizer treatment did not significantly affect on plant height age of 30, 45 and 60 days after planting, leaf number aged 30, 45 and 60 days after planting, stem diameter ages 30, 45 and 60 days after planting. At the P7 treatment (biochar residue + compost + without urea) gave the best value but does not differ significantly with all treatments tested. Based on plant yield, biochar residue, compost, and urea fertilizer treatment did not significantly affect on cornhusk ear length, cornhusk cob diameter, cornhusk cob weight, cob length without cornhusk, cob diameter without cornhusk, cob weight without cornhusk, and yield. At P5 treatment (biochar residue + without compost + without urea) cornhusk cobs and P7 (biochar residue + compost + without urea) cornhusk cobs and without cornhusk provide the best value but does not differ significantly with all treatments tested

Fig Pollinating Wasp Transfers Nematodes into Figs of Ficus racemosa in Sumatra, Indonesia

The fruits (figs) of fig trees (Ficus spp, known as bak ara in Aceh), are the source of food for many species of faunas in the forest, including birds, monkeys, orangutans, etc. Pollination within the figs totally depends on female fig wasps that belong to family Agaonidae. Fig trees and their pollinating wasps rely on each other to survive. Female fig wasps are known to transport nematodes into receptive figs when the wasps enter the figs to lay eggs. An investigation on the nematodes carried by female pollinating wasps Ceratosolen fusciceps Mayr into figs of Ficus racemosa was conducted in Sumatra, Indonesia. The figs on the trees were regularly sampled to determine the presence of nematodes and infer their ecology. The Baermann funnel method was employed to extract the nematodes from the figs. Eight species of nematodes were recorded from the figs, two of which are still unidentified. The species found were (1) Teratodiplogaster fignewmani, (2) Teratodiplogaster sp., (3) Parasitodiplogaster sp., (4) Schistonchus sp1., (5) Schistonchus sp2., (6) Mononchoides sp., (7) and (8) two undescribed Diplogastridae species (umbrella-like species 1 and species 2). This is the most diverse fig nematode community recorded. The highest nematode populations were routinely found in D-phase figs, when the new generations of wasps were about to emerge. Details of the ecology of each nematode species are likely to differ, but as a group they did not seem to significantly affect seed and wasp development in F. racemosa fig

Healthy House as Indicator to Realize Healthy City and its Relationship with the Role of Community in Medan City

A healthy city connotes a city that is clean, comfortable, safe and healthy for inhabitants, which is achieved through the implementation of the arrangements and agreed activities between communities and local government units. Healthy house is one indicator of a healthy city. A healthy house meets the health requirements as measured by three parameters: components of house, sanitation facilities and the behavior of occupants. This study aimed to analyze if the houses in Medan qualify for the attainment of a healthy city, determine the knowledge of community in terms of healthy house, healthy city and the role of community, and to find out if there is a significant relationship between the role of community and having a healthy house. The study design used is survey with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Research sites were the 21 districts in the city of Medan wherein 400 respondents were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that in the city of Medan, only 30% of houses were healthy and 70% were not. 63.0% of the respondents have good knowledge about healthy house and 57.8% have good knowledge about healthy city. Furthermore, the community perceived to have played a good role as much as 75.5% in the effort to realize a healthy home/city. The communitys role has a positive and significant effect on healthy house in efforts to achieve a healthy city in Medan (p = 0.04). It is recommended that the government of Medan City draw up a program of healthy house and healthy city and involve related stakeholders, increase community participation from the beginning of planning stage in order to increase community involvement in the implementation of development and formation of Healthy City Forum

Roots Bioassay of Upland Rice Varieties on Several Soil Moisture Gradients

Water availability is a major factor affecting rice production especially in upland. The Production of upland rice is low because of the low of water availability in upland. Roots play an important role in upland rice adaptation to drought conditions. This study aimed to identify the characteristic of upland rice variety root development under soil moisture gradients. This study use randomized factorial design consisting of 2 factors and 3 replicate. Factor I : 12 upland rice variety, ie: Silumut, Batutegi, Limboto, Situpatenggang, Situbagendit, Towuti, Cirata, Danau Gaung, Gajah Mungkur, Inpago 4, Inpago 5, Inpago 6. Factor II : gradien of soil moisture level, ie: 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % field capacity. The Result of research indicate all the upland rice variety were classified tolerance based on relative value of root leght. The highest root lenght and the heaviest root dry matter were generally from combination uplandrice varieties with 60 80 % field capacity except Inpago 4 and Situbagendit showed the highest root lenght at 20 % field capacity and combination The heaviest root dry matter at 40 %were Inpago 4 and Jatiluhur generally from characteristic of root gro field capacit

Inhibition of Salmonella sp. Growth in Comparison with Antibiotics and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Squeeze

The purpouse of this study to examine antibiotics inhibition growth of Salmonella sp. isolated from feces of broiler chickens to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and tetracycline in coparison with pineapple squeeze. Swab sample from broiler chicken cloaca was cultured to nutrient broth media and incubated at 37C temperature for 24 hours. Culture was compared with Mc Farland 3 standardization, and separated on surface of Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). Antibiotic sensitivity was tested by mean of chloramphenicol, gentamisin, and tetrasiklin in coparison with pineapple squeeze. The antibiotic disks (Oxoid) were put on the surface of MHA media which had inoculated with Salmonella sp. bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined based on formation of inhibition zone in surrounding of antibiotic disc. The result showed that Salmonella sp. bacteria growth was inhibited in 21 mm and 18 mm, 7 mm and 9 mm against chloramphenicol, gentamisin, tetrasiklin, and pineapple squeeze respectively. This research concluded that the Salmonella sp. cultured in this manner were sensitive to chloramphenicol and gentamisin. The inhibition growth of Salmonella sp. caused by chloramphenicol and gentamicin was significantly higher in comparison with pineapple (Ananas comosus) squeeze, meanwhile the Salmonella sp. bacteria was resistance against tetracycline. Our result suggest that both antibiotics chloramphenicol and gentamicin were recommended for antibiotic therapy in Salmonella sp. infection