Interactive Handling of Multilingual Content within Digital Media

Linguistic information plays an essential role in the management of multimedia information as it bears most of the descriptive content associated with more visual information. Depending on the context, it may be seen as the primary content, as documentary content for multimedia information, or as one among several possible information components in specific contexts such as interactive multimedia applications. In this paper we describe a generic framework that could be integrated into multimedia content. Our main objectives are both, to propose a high-level abstract model to represent multilingual content, and to offer a high degree of interactivity allowing final users to handle multilingual content within digital medi

Topics in Language Resources for Translation and Localisation (Chapter : Standardising the Management and the Representation of Multilingual Data : the Multi Lingual Information Framework)

Due to the critical role that normalization plays during the translation and localization processes, we propose here to analyze some standards, as well as the related software tools that are used by professional translators and by several automatic translating services. We will first point out the importance of normalization within the translation and localization activities. Next, we will introduce a methodology of standardization, whose objective is to harmonize the management and the representation of multilingual data. Without a doubt, the control of the interoperability between the industrial standards currently used for localization [XLIFF], translation memory [TMX], or with some recent initiatives such as the internationalization tag set [ITS], constitutes a major objective for a coherent and global management of multilingual data. The Multi Lingual Information Framework MLIF [ISO AWI 24616] is based on a methodology of standardization resulting from the ISO (sub-committees TC37/SC3 "Computer Applications for Terminology" and SC4 "Language Resources Management"). MLIF aims at proposing a high-level abstract specification platform for a computer-oriented representation of multilingual data within a large variety of applications such as translation memories, localization, computer-aided translation, multimedia, or electronic document management

Interoperability between translation memories and localization tools by using the MultiLingual Information Framework

The scope of research and development in the localization and translation memory process development is huge. Several formats have been developed of specific interest for localization and translation such as XLIFF and TMX. The associated software industry has thus developed several well-known tools committed to these formats: TRADOS, SDLX, DEJAVU, etc. When we closely examine these formats, we find that they have many overlapping features. They work well in the specific field they are designed for, but they lack the synergy that would make them interoperable when using one type of information in a slightly different context. The Multi Lingual Information Framework (MLIF) is being designed with the objective of providing a common conceptual model and a platform allowing interoperability among several translation and localization formats, and by extension, their committed tools. MLIF does not have the role to substitute or compete with existing standards: MLIF should be considered as a common abstract high-level framework in which the overlapping features of several existing formats may be handled independently and separately. MLIF would save time and energy for different translation and localization groups and would provide synergy to work in collaboration. MLIF is a way of opening the field of localization and translation at other communities (the multimedia community, for example) and, a way of finding there, new outlets or actors, sources of innovation

Standardizing the management and the representation of multilingual data: the MultiLingual Information Framework

The extremely fast evolution of the technological development in the sector of Communication and Information Technologies, and in particular, in the field of natural language processing, makes particularly acute the question of standardization. The issues related to this standardization are of industrial, economic and cultural nature. This article presents a methodology of standardization, in order to harmonize the management and the representation of multilingual data. Indeed, the control of the interoperability between the industrial standards currently used for localization (XLIFF)[1], translation memory (TMX)[2], or with some recent initiatives such as the internationalization tag set (ITS)[3], constitutes a major objective for a coherent and global management of these data. MLIF (Multi Lingual Information Framework)[4] is based on a methodology of standardization resulting from the ISO (sub-committees TC37/SC3 "Computer Applications for Terminology" and SC4 "Language Resources Management"). MLIF should be considered as a unified conceptual representation of multilingual content. MLIF does not have the role to substitute or to compete with any existing standard. MLIF is being designed with the objective of providing a common conceptual model and a platform allowing interoperability among several translation and localization standards, and by extension, their committed tools. The asset of MLIF is the interoperability which allows experts to gather, under the same conceptual unit, various tools and representations related to multilingual data. In addition, MLIF will also make it possible to evaluate and to compare these multilingual resources and tools

Morpheus: a platform for the representation, manipulation and secure access of standardized morphological data for the digital age textile industry

International audienceThis document presents Morpheus: a platform for the representation, manipulation and secure access of standardized morphological data for the digital age textile industry. Keywords: Digital transformation of the custom-made clothing industry, standardized morphological data, blockchained morphological passport, 3D human body data, personal information manager syste

Non-Intrusive User Interfaces for Interactive Digital Television Experiences

International audienceThis paper presents a model and architecture for non-intrusive user interfaces in the interactive digital TV domain. The model is based on two concepts: non-monolithic rendering for content consumption and actions descriptions for user interaction. In the first case, subsets of the multimedia content can be delivered to different rendering components (e.g., video to the TV screen and extra information to a handheld device). In the second case, we differentiate between actions, handlers, and activators. An action is the description of the user intentions, a handler implements that action, and an activator is the user interface of the action. Because we define actions instead of user interfaces, the implementation of the activators can take multiple forms: conventional user interfaces (using gestures or speech) and intelligent interfaces, in which the actions are derived from a set of parameters (e.g., number of people in the room or distance to the TV)

Using Web Services for Accessing and Sharing Multimedia Resources in Distributed Digital Museum

In a digital museum exhibition management system, two major issues need to be concerned. The first is regarding the efficient hypermedia generation for virtual exhibitions. The second is regarding the efficient access of multimedia items in a heterogonous environment where distributed digital museum resource management servers may locate at different institutes. This article presents a research project that incorporate the NCNU and INRIA research effort for developing a Web Services-based distributed digital museum content management framework. We first discuss our design of a multi-styles exhibition management framework using XSL for adaptive hypermedia presentation. Then, an endeavor that applies Web Service Architecture for multimedia data access on both keyword-based and content-based media retrieval scenario has been addressed

CD95 recruits PLCγ1 to trigger a calcium response promoting Th17 accumulation in inflamed organs of lupus mice

CD95 ligand (CD95L) is expressed by immune cells and triggers apoptotic death. Metalloprotease-cleaved CD95L (cl-CD95L) is released into the bloodstream but does not trigger apoptotic signaling. Hence, the pathophysiological role of cl-CD95L remains unclear. We observed that skin-derived endothelial cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients expressed CD95L, and that after cleavage, cl-CD95L promoted T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocyte transmigration across the endothelial barrier at the expense of T regulatory cells. T cell migration relied on a direct interaction between the CD95 domain called calcium-inducing domain (CID) and the Src homology 3 domain of phospholipase Cγ1. Th17 cells stimulated with cl-CD95L produced sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which promoted endothelial transmigration by activating the S1P receptor 3. We generated a cell-penetrating CID peptide that prevented Th17 cell transmigration and alleviated clinical symptoms in lupus mice. Therefore, neutralizing the CD95 non-apoptotic signaling pathway may be attractive therapeutic approach for SLE treatment

CD95-mediated calcium signaling promotes T helper 17 trafficking to inflamed organs in lupus-prone mice

CD95 ligand (CD95L) is expressed by immune cells and triggers apoptotic death. Metalloprotease-cleaved CD95L (cl-CD95L) is released into the bloodstream but does not trigger apoptotic signaling. Hence, the pathophysiological role of cl-CD95L remains unclear. We observed that skin-derived endothelial cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients expressed CD95L and that after cleavage, cl-CD95L promoted T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocyte transmigration across the endothelial barrier at the expense of T regulatory cells. T cell migration relied on a direct interaction between the CD95 domain called calcium-inducing domain (CID) and the Src homology 3 domain of phospholipase Cγ1. Th17 cells stimulated with cl-CD95L produced sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which promoted endothelial transmigration by activating the S1P receptor 3. We generated a cell-penetrating CID peptide that prevented Th17 cell transmigration and alleviated clinical symptoms in lupus mice. Therefore, neutralizing the CD95 non-apoptotic signaling pathway could be an attractive therapeutic approach for SLE treatment

Myxobacteria: Moving, Killing, Feeding, and Surviving Together

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00781Myxococcus xanthus, like other myxobacteria, is a social bacterium that moves and feeds cooperatively in predatory groups. On surfaces, rod-shaped vegetative cells move in search of the prey in a coordinated manner, forming dynamic multicellular groups referred to as swarms. Within the swarms, cells interact with one another and use two separate locomotion systems. Adventurous motility, which drives the movement of individual cells, is associated with the secretion of slime that forms trails at the leading edge of the swarms. It has been proposed that cellular traffic along these trails contributes to M. xanthus social behavior via stigmergic regulation. However, most of the cells travel in groups by using social motility, which is cell contact-dependent and requires a large number of individuals. Exopolysaccharides and the retraction of type IV pili at alternate poles of the cells are the engines associated with social motility. When the swarms encounter prey, the population of M. xanthus lyses and takes up nutrients from nearby cells. This cooperative and highly density-dependent feeding behavior has the advantage that the pool of hydrolytic enzymes and other secondary metabolites secreted by the entire group is shared by the community to optimize the use of the degradation products. This multicellular behavior is especially observed in the absence of nutrients. In this condition, M. xanthus swarms have the ability to organize the gliding movements of 1000s of rods, synchronizing rippling waves of oscillating cells, to form macroscopic fruiting bodies, with three subpopulations of cells showing division of labor. A small fraction of cells either develop into resistant myxospores or remain as peripheral rods, while the majority of cells die, probably to provide nutrients to allow aggregation and spore differentiation. Sporulation within multicellular fruiting bodies has the benefit of enabling survival in hostile environments, and increases germination and growth rates when cells encounter favorable conditions. Herein, we review how these social bacteria cooperate and review the main cell–cell signaling systems used for communication to maintain multicellularity.This work has been funded by the Spanish Government (grants CSD2009-00006 and BFU2012-33248, 70% funded by FEDER) and Junta de Andalucía (group BIO318)