Peer relationships among the young with moderate and severe intellectual disability in special education

The article presents a summary of the research about peer relationships among the young with intellectual disability in special education classes. The studies took into consideration a) the types of the relationships and their qualitative characteristics, b) factors determining the type of the relationship, c) an individual perspective of a young disabled person in the group of mentally disabled peers.71 pupils with moderate and severe intellectual disability in 15 special education classes were observed in natural school situations. The results show a great need and abilities to participate in peer relationships by intellectually disabled teenagers. The second part of the study was based on the qualitative research procedure and revealed different subjective meaning of participation of 7 young intellectually disabled students in the school peer group. Findings of the study gave practical indications for arranging special classes of pupils with moderate and severe intellectual disability. Results was discussed with current tendency to inclusive education people with disability.The article presents a summary of the research about peer relationships among the young with intellectual disability in special education classes. The studies took into consideration a) the types of the relationships and their qualitative characteristics, b) factors determining the type of the relationship, c) an individual perspective of a young disabled person in the group of mentally disabled peers.71 pupils with moderate and severe intellectual disability in 15 special education classes were observed in natural school situations. The results show a great need and abilities to participate in peer relationships by intellectually disabled teenagers. The second part of the study was based on the qualitative research procedure and revealed different subjective meaning of participation of 7 young intellectually disabled students in the school peer group. Findings of the study gave practical indications for arranging special classes of pupils with moderate and severe intellectual disability. Results was discussed with current tendency to inclusive education people with disability

Dead wood as microhabitat for myxomycetes in selected forest communities in the Polish Carpathian Mts.

The myxomycete biota of two forest complexes in the Polish Carpathian Mts. in the vicinity of Wyrchczadeczka in the Beskid Śląski Mts and the Żłobina Couloir in the Pieniny National Park was investigated. The preservation rate and the species composition of the tree stands differ considerably. A spruce monoculture has developed in the managed forest near Wyrchczadeczka while the Żłobina Couloir is covered by TilioCarpinetum and Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum. Twenty two species were recorded in both areas, seven species only in Wyrchczadeczka and twenty one species only in the Żłobina Couloir. The range of microhabitats favourable for the development of myxomycetes is greater in the multi-species tree stand in the Żłobina Couloir than in the spruce monoculture in Wyrchczadeczka

Burnout, neurotic symptoms and coping strategies in medical students

the early stages of a medical career - as early as in medical college. Medical studies are considered one of the most stressful majors, leading to early burnout and other related symptoms such as neurotic symptoms. Our aim was to examine this topic by assessing burnout and neurotic symptoms as well as strategies of coping with stress experienced during each year of studies. Method: We used a web-based questionnaire, consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Symptom Checklist S-III, and invited medical students at various stages of a 6-year medical course to fill it in online. Questionnaire was filled by 781 students in total. Results: Statistical analysis revealed an interesting pattern of symptoms severity in students, with highest scores at the beginning and at the end of the medical course and the lowest score during the 3rd year of studies. This pattern was clearly visible for MBI-SS Exhaustion, and somewhat less pronounced for MBI-SS Cynicism and S-III scores, where only the decrease of symptoms was significant. Coping strategies seemed to be similar for all medical students with a higher score for the Distraction scale among the 3rd - year students compared with the 2nd-year students. Discussion: These results, however unexpected, seem to be consistent with available literature, emphasizing higher levels of stress experienced during great changes regarding expectations in students at the beginning of their course and in soon-to-be doctors. Conclusions: The results prompt to reflect on ways of countering emerging symptoms of burnout not only in experienced students, but also among those starting medical college

Depression, anxiety, insomnia and interleukins in the early postpartum period

BackgroundSome new mothers have been shown to suffer from anxiety and depression associated with insomnia during the postpartum period. Our study assessed the impact of demographic, psychopathological, and biochemical factors on the incidence of depression in women during the early postpartum period.MethodsA total of 119 women were evaluated at 24–48 h postpartum with the following psychometric scales: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). In addition, blood was drawn to assay interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10).ResultsThe factors that had the greatest impact on the risk of postpartum depression detected with the HDRS were high HARS scores and evidence of insomnia in the AIS. There were no significant differences in IL-6 or IL-10 levels in women with and without depression (based on either HDRS or EPDS scores) and insomnia (based on AIS) after childbirth. Considering demographic factors, divorced and single women were shown to be at higher risk of postpartum depression (based on EPDS scores).LimitationsSmall sample size and short observation span.ConclusionThis study highlights the relationship between postpartum depression and both anxiety and insomnia and emphasises the importance to assess symptoms of anxiety and sleep quality as part of screening in women at risk of postpartum depression

In memoriam – wspomnienia pracowników Zakładu Pedagogiki Specjalnej o Profesorze Władysławie Dykciku

nie ma abstrakt

The IMPROVE guidelines (Ischaemia Models: Procedural Refinements Of in Vivo Experiments)

Most in vivo models of ischaemic stroke target the middle cerebral artery and a spectrum of stroke severities, from mild to substantial, can be achieved. This review describes opportunities to improve the in vivo modelling of ischaemic stroke and animal welfare. It provides a number of recommendations to minimise the level of severity in the most common rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, while sustaining or improving the scientific outcomes. The recommendations cover basic requirements pre-surgery, selecting the most appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimen, as well as intraoperative and post-operative care. The aim is to provide support for researchers and animal care staff to refine their procedures and practices, and implement small incremental changes to improve the welfare of the animals used and to answer the scientific question under investigation. All recommendations are recapitulated in a summary poster (see supplementary information)