Guanfacine treatment improves ADHD phenotypes of impulsivity and hyperactivity in a neurofibromatosis type 1 mouse model

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a mutation in one copy of the neurofibromin gene (NF1+/-). Even though approximately 40-60% of children with NF1 meet the criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), very few preclinical studies, if any, have investigated alterations in impulsivity and risk-taking behavior. Mice with deletion of a single NF1 gene (Nf1+/-) recapitulate many of the phenotypes of NF1 patients. METHODS: We compared wild-type (WT) and Nf1+/- mouse strains to investigate differences in impulsivity and hyperactivity using the delay discounting task (DDT), cliff avoidance reaction (CAR) test, and open field. We also investigated whether treatment with the clinically effective alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist, guanfacine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), would reverse deficits observed in behavioral inhibition. RESULTS: Nf1+/- mice chose a higher percentage of smaller rewards when both 10- and 20-s delays were administered compared to WT mice, suggesting Nf1+/- mice are more impulsive. When treated with guanfacine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), Nf1+/- mice exhibited decreased impulsive choice by waiting for the larger, delayed reward. Nf1+/- mice also exhibited deficits in behavioral inhibition compared to WT mice in the CAR test by repetitively entering the outer edge of the platform where they risk falling. Treatment with guanfacine ameliorated these deficits. In addition, Nf1+/- mice exhibited hyperactivity as increased distance was traveled compared to WT controls in the open field. This hyperactivity in Nf1+/- mice was reduced with guanfacine pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our study confirms that Nf1+/- mice exhibit deficits in behavioral inhibition in multiple contexts, a key feature of ADHD, and can be used as a model system to identify alterations in neural circuitry associated with symptoms of ADHD in children with NF1

Investigation of electron cut-off in a cylindrical electrode system in pulsed magnetic field of an inductor

The effect of electron cut-off from the anode in a cylindrical coaxial electrode system with an inhomogeneity of electric and magnetic fields along the axis is investigated by numerical simulation. The effect is caused by the pulsed magnetic field of the external inductor and the secondary magnetic fields generated by the eddy currents in the electrodes. The inhomogeneity of the fields is due to short length of the cathode and the inductor, and also by the internal protrusion at the anode opposite the cathode for the concentration of the magnetic field. The electrons escape along the axis from the interelectrode gap. To capture them, end cup-shaped collectors are introduced, for which the voltage of up to 300 V is applied when the anode voltage is of 10 kV. The results of the work can be used in designing a high-voltage current interrupter, for analyzing the conditions of magnetic initiation of a magnetron discharge, and the characteristics of magnetron electron guns.Досліджується методом чисельного моделювання ефект відсічення електронів від анода в системі циліндричних коаксіальних електродів з неоднорідністю електричного і магнітного полів уздовж осі. Ефект викликається імпульсним магнітним полем зовнішнього індуктора і вторинними магнітними полями, що генеруються вихровими струмами в електродах. Неоднорідність полів обумовлена малою довжиною катода і індуктора, а також внутрішнім виступом на аноді в області катода для підвищення концентрації магнітного поля. Має місце вихід електронів з міжелектродного проміжку уздовж осі. Для їх уловлювання вводяться торцеві чашоподібні колектори, на які подається напруга до 300 В при анодній напрузі 10 кВ. Результати роботи можуть бути використані при проектуванні високовольтного переривника струму, для аналізу умов магнітного ініціювання магнетронного розряду і характеристик магнетронних електронних гармат.Исследуется методом численного моделирования эффект отсечки электронов от анода в цилиндрической коаксиальной системе электродов с неоднородностью электрического и магнитного полей вдоль оси. Эффект вызывается импульсным магнитным полем внешнего индуктора и вторичными магнитными полями, генерируемыми вихревыми токами в электродах. Неоднородность полей обусловлена малой длиной катода и индуктора, а также внутренним выступом на аноде напротив катода для концентрации магнитного поля. Имеет место уход электронов вдоль оси из межэлектродного промежутка. Для их улавливания вводятся торцевые чашеобразные коллекторы, на которые подаётся напряжение до 300 В при анодном напряжении 10 кВ. Результаты работы могут быть использованы при проектировании высоковольтного прерывателя тока, для анализа условий магнитного инициирования магнетронного разряда и характеристик магнетронных электронных пушек

Capsule endoscopy for screening colon tumors

Department of General Surgery with a course of endoscopy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education and Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Leningrad Regional Oncologic Dispensary, Department of Faculty Surgery. prof. A.A. Rusanov of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education and Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia, Al XIII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” și al III-lea Congres al Societății de Endoscopie, Chirurgie miniminvazivă și Ultrasonografie ”V.M.Guțu” din Republica MoldovaIntroduction: Most of the colon tumors are detected in the later stages. The introduction of new, minimally invasive technologies into clinical practice allows to improve the results of the diagnosis of neoplasms. Material and methods: Capsule endoscopy is a procedure for colon examination using a miniature camera, which takes more than 10,000 images of colon at a speed of 4 to 24 frames per second. For the patient, the procedure itself does not cause discomfort. On the day of the study, the patient may do his usual activities. The indications for capsular examination of the colon may be suspected tumor of the colon, a positive test of fecal occult blood test, and the patient is over 50 years old. We made a decision to launch a pilot project for screening the colon among health care workers in Oncology Dispensary of Leningrad Region. Results: In the years 2017-2018, we performed 67 capsule colon examinations for medical workers who had not previously performed a colonoscopy. A total colon investigation was performed in 58 patients (87%). Among these patients 2 malignant tumors of the colon (3.5%) were detected. Colon epithelial neoplasia was detected in 11 patients (19%). These findings contributed to perform colonoscopy with endoscopic polypectomy. Conclusion: Capsule endoscopy of the colon can be used for examination, in cases where colonoscopy is not possible. Capsule endoscopy helps to convince the patient of the need to perform colonoscopy. Capsule endoscopy is a safe method for screening colorectal cancer

Events in the affective city: Affect, attention and alignment in two ordinary urban events

In a representational regime, planned urban events are used by urban planners to render urban projects visible and acceptable. As a corollary of the focus of urban studies on their representational dimension and in spite of a burgeoning literature on the notion of affective urbanism, the experiential character of events remains surprisingly unexplored. This paper argues that an ordinary regime of events is mobilised by city-makers to act on the embodied, affective experience of the city and on the ways urban dwellers know and act upon the city. By analysing planned urban events in their embodied, experiential dimension, we focus on the ways in which, through the design of ephemeral material dispositives, urbanists attempt to encourage citizens to incorporate ways of knowing and acting on space and on the modalities of knowing and acting that are at play. We stage an encounter between critical event studies and Ingoldian approaches to affect and attention, examining two urban events in a Swiss canton. We show how intense encounters with urban matter are staged in an attempt to modulate affects, guide attention, and produce alignment with a specific political project, asking urban dwellers either to embody a project still in the making or to cultivate expectations regarding an already-written future

The Universal One-Loop Effective Action

We present the universal one-loop effective action for all operators of dimension up to six obtained by integrating out massive, non-degenerate multiplets. Our general expression may be applied to loops of heavy fermions or bosons, and has been checked against partial results available in the literature. The broad applicability of this approach simplifies one-loop matching from an ultraviolet model to a lower-energy effective field theory (EFT), a procedure which is now reduced to the evaluation of a combination of matrices in our universal expression, without any loop integrals to evaluate. We illustrate the relationship of our results to the Standard Model (SM) EFT, using as an example the supersymmetric stop and sbottom squark Lagrangian and extracting from our universal expression the Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators composed of SM fields.Comment: 30 pages, v2 contains additional comments and corrects typos, version accepted for publication in JHE

Gaudin Models and Bending Flows: a Geometrical Point of View

In this paper we discuss the bihamiltonian formulation of the (rational XXX) Gaudin models of spin-spin interaction, generalized to the case of sl(r)-valued spins. In particular, we focus on the homogeneous models. We find a pencil of Poisson brackets that recursively define a complete set of integrals of the motion, alternative to the set of integrals associated with the 'standard' Lax representation of the Gaudin model. These integrals, in the case of su(2), coincide wih the Hamiltonians of the 'bending flows' in the moduli space of polygons in Euclidean space introduced by Kapovich and Millson. We finally address the problem of separability of these flows and explicitly find separation coordinates and separation relations for the r=2 case.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX with amsmath and amssym

Multi-Scalar-Singlet Extension of the Standard Model - the Case for Dark Matter and an Invisible Higgs Boson

We consider a simple extension of the Standard Model by the addition of N real scalar gauge singlets \vp that are candidates for Dark Matter. By collecting theoretical and experimental constraints we determine the space of allowed parameters of the model. The possibility of ameliorating the little hierarchy problem within the multi-singlet model is discussed. The Spergel-Steinhardt solution of the Dark Matter density cusp problem is revisited. It is shown that fitting the recent CRESST-II data for Dark Matter nucleus scattering implies that the standard Higgs boson decays predominantly into pairs of Dark Matter scalars. It that case discovery of the Higgs boson at LHC and Tevatron is impossible. The most likely mass of the dark scalars is in the range 15 GeV \lsim \mvp \lsim 50 GeV with BR(h \to \vp\vp) up to 96%.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure

Cycle-finite module categories

We describe the structure of module categories of finite dimensional algebras over an algebraically closed field for which the cycles of nonzero nonisomorphisms between indecomposable finite dimensional modules are finite (do not belong to the infinite Jacobson radical of the module category). Moreover, geometric and homological properties of these module categories are exhibited

Changes in Clinical Context for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among People With HIV Infection in the United States

The biology of HIV-associated cancers may differ depending on immunologic and virologic context during development. Therefore, an understanding of the burden of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) relative to antiretroviral therapy (ART), virologic suppression, and CD4 count is important

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study on behalf of the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT.

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