Dairy Consumption and the Incidence of Hyperglycemia and the Metabolic Syndrome: Results from a French prospective study, Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR)

International audienceOBJECTIVE: In the French Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort, cross-sectional analyses have shown that a higher consumption of dairy products and calcium are associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We assess the influence of dairy products on 9-year incident MetS and on impaired fasting glycemia and/or type 2 diabetes (IFG/T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Men and women who completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 3 years were studied (n = 3,435). Logistic regression models were used to study associations between the average year 0 and year 3 consumption of milk and dairy products, cheese, dietary calcium density, and incident MetS and IFG/T2D after adjusting for 1) sex, age, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, fat intake and 2) additionally for BMI. Associations between dairy products and continuous variables were studied by repeated-measures ANCOVA, using the same covariates. RESULTS: Dairy products other than cheese, and dietary calcium density, were inversely associated with incident MetS and IFG/T2D; cheese was negatively associated with incident MetS. All three parameters were associated with lower diastolic blood pressure, and with a lower BMI gain. Higher cheese intake and calcium density were associated with a lower increase in waist circumference and lower triglyceride levels. Calcium density was also associated with a lower systolic blood pressure and a lower 9-year increase in plasma triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS: A higher consumption of dairy products and calcium was associated with a lower 9-year incidence of MetS and IFG/T2D in a large cohort drawn from the general population

Rationales, design and recruitment for the Elfe longitudinal study

Background Many factors act simultaneously in childhood to influence health status, life chances and well being, including pre-birth influences, the environmental pollutants of early life, health status but also the social influences of family and school. A cohort study is needed to disentangle these influences and explore attribution. Methods Elfe will be a nationally representative cohort of 20 000 children followed from birth to adulthood using a multidisciplinary approach. The cohort will be based on the INSEE Permanent Demographic Panel (EDP) established using census data and civil records. The sample size has been defined in order to match the representativeness criteria and to obtain some prevalence estimation, but also to address the research area of low exposure/rare effects. The cohort will be based on repeated surveys by face to face or phone interview (at birth and each year) as well as medical interview (at 2 years) and examination (at 6 years). Furthermore, biological samples will be taken at birth to evaluate the foetal exposition to toxic substances, environmental sensors will be placed in the child's homes. Pilot studies have been initiated in 2007 (500 children) with an overall acceptance rate of 55% and are currently under progress, the 2-year survey being carried out in October this year. Discussion The longitudinal study will provide a unique source of data to analyse the development of children in their environment, to study the various factors interacting throughout the life course up to adulthood and to determine the impact of childhood experience on the individual's physical, psychological, social and professional development

between a rich potential heuristic and a subtle actualization : a process of apprehension and epistemology of a formation : what is the exercise of a “douance”. Does it necessitate the recourse of an apprehension of a formalism?

L’énoncé de la thèse, au fur et à mesure de son élaboration en acte, recouvre deux postures présentées antagonistes a priori qui sont et restent profondément paradoxales : la pose d’un conditionnel en construction pouvant sembler discursif et l’authenticité d’une posture proche d’un tiers inclus en acte. La « douance » comme objet de recherche est questionnée à partir d’une pratique de journal par son auteur depuis 12 ans. L’auteur approche de plus en plus son objet de recherche suite à une reprise d’étude en sciences de l’éducation ; sa formalisation nécessitera l’aide d’une philosophie à l’œuvre. Lorsque l’auteur ne distingue plus toujours la nature de ce qui lui « fait problème » (telle une catastrophe au sens de René Thom), il investit pour les besoins de sa thèse un protocole (la pose d’un problème) où la nature du problème peut aller à l’encontre de sa résolution. Le double statut du journal est implicitement sujet à caution et son exercice sollicite un usage des sciences au contact de la singularité de la situation. La thèse donne à voir l’exercice d’un donné à comprendre où : l’action, la légitimité engagée, le vécu de la personne et sa formalisation sont contrariés et paradoxaux.The formalism of the thesis during the construction and the elaboration in act covers two postures antagonist “a-priori” which stay profoundly paradoxical. It is a conditional scientific in construction which appears discursive and the authority of a posture close to a third included in act. The “douance” as an object of research is questioned as from the practice of the diary by its author since 12 years. The author approaches his research subject more and more following a resumption of studiesin the education sciences; his formalization will then require the help of a working philosophy. When an author doesn’t distinguish always the nature of which creates a problem for himself (such as a catastrophy in the sense of René THOM) he commits himself for the needs of the thesis, a protocol investigating the problem where the nature of the problem can unstablize its resolution. The double status of the diary is implicitly subject and put into question. Its exercise warrants a scientific use in contact of the singularity of the situation. The thesis gives to show that the dater exercises needs to be understood, where the action and experience of the person are formalized, authorizing a paradox in act

Modélisation et simulation numérique d’un front de fusion/solidification à l’interface d’un bain de corium

This manuscript deals with the numerical simulation of phase change (solidification or fusion of materials) for 'severe accident' in nuclear power plant study. In this context, usually, lack of knowledge of the underlying physics and phenomenology, associated to limited computer resources force the use of coupled heterogeneous models. However, the increase in computer power resources allow nowadays to consider larger and more complex CFD models. In this work, specifically, we consider the simulation of solidification and fusion phenomena between a hot liquid (the so-called corium) which may solidify in contact with a colder solid (for instance, the reactor vessel made of steel). The objective of the PhD is to present new numerical tools to follow fusion/solidification phase fronts. These tools have been integrated in simulation codes dedicated to the modeling of severe accident. A first coupling approach between heterogeneous 0D/2D models, associated with its multi-dimensional numerical method has been developed into the platform PROCOR. Next, a 3D monolithic CFD model has been designed. TrioCFD simulation code has been used as the basis for the development of our numerical methods well suited to handle phase changes between liquid and solid. The proposed developments were tested and validated on simulation configurations representative of the severe accident context.Ce manuscrit porte sur la simulation numérique du changement de phase (solidification ou fusion de matériaux) dans le cadre de l'étude des accidents graves de réacteurs nucléaires. Dans ce contexte, le manque de connaissance physique et phénoménologique et la limitation des ressources numériques, font que l'utilisation de modèles hétérogènes couplés s'avère souvent nécessaire. Pour autant, le développement des capacités de calcul permet l'utilisation plus large de modèles complexes de CFD. Dans ce travail, on considère plus spécifiquement la simulation des phénomènes de solidification et de fusion entre un liquide chaud (représentant le corium) qui se solidifie au contact d'un solide plus froid (par exemple la cuve). L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils numériques de suivi d'interfaces de front de fusion/solidification qui ont été intégrés dans des codes dédiés à la modélisation des accidents graves. Une première approche de couplage de modèles hétérogènes 0D/2D a été proposée avec une méthode numérique adaptée à ses aspects multidimensionnels dans la plateforme PROCOR. Une modélisation 3D de type CFD a été ensuite développée à partir d'une approche monolithique. Le code TrioCFD a été utilisé comme base de développement et ses méthodes numériques adaptées pour le changement de phase liquide/solide. L'ensemble de ces développements a été testé et validé sur des configurations représentatives du contexte accident grave

Modeling and numerical simulation of a solidification/fusion front at the interface of a liquid corium pool

Ce manuscrit porte sur la simulation numérique du changement de phase (solidification ou fusion de matériaux) dans le cadre de l'étude des accidents graves de réacteurs nucléaires. Dans ce contexte, le manque de connaissance physique et phénoménologique et la limitation des ressources numériques, font que l'utilisation de modèles hétérogènes couplés s'avère souvent nécessaire. Pour autant, le développement des capacités de calcul permet l'utilisation plus large de modèles complexes de CFD. Dans ce travail, on considère plus spécifiquement la simulation des phénomènes de solidification et de fusion entre un liquide chaud (représentant le corium) qui se solidifie au contact d'un solide plus froid (par exemple la cuve). L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils numériques de suivi d'interfaces de front de fusion/solidification qui ont été intégrés dans des codes dédiés à la modélisation des accidents graves. Une première approche de couplage de modèles hétérogènes 0D/2D a été proposée avec une méthode numérique adaptée à ses aspects multidimensionnels dans la plateforme PROCOR. Une modélisation 3D de type CFD a été ensuite développée à partir d'une approche monolithique. Le code TrioCFD a été utilisé comme base de développement et ses méthodes numériques adaptées pour le changement de phase liquide/solide. L'ensemble de ces développements a été testé et validé sur des configurations représentatives du contexte accident grave.This manuscript deals with the numerical simulation of phase change (solidification or fusion of materials) for 'severe accident' in nuclear power plant study. In this context, usually, lack of knowledge of the underlying physics and phenomenology, associated to limited computer resources force the use of coupled heterogeneous models. However, the increase in computer power resources allow nowadays to consider larger and more complex CFD models. In this work, specifically, we consider the simulation of solidification and fusion phenomena between a hot liquid (the so-called corium) which may solidify in contact with a colder solid (for instance, the reactor vessel made of steel). The objective of the PhD is to present new numerical tools to follow fusion/solidification phase fronts. These tools have been integrated in simulation codes dedicated to the modeling of severe accident. A first coupling approach between heterogeneous 0D/2D models, associated with its multi-dimensional numerical method has been developed into the platform PROCOR. Next, a 3D monolithic CFD model has been designed. TrioCFD simulation code has been used as the basis for the development of our numerical methods well suited to handle phase changes between liquid and solid. The proposed developments were tested and validated on simulation configurations representative of the severe accident context

Modeling and numerical simulation of a solidification/fusion front at the interface of a liquid corium pool

Ce manuscrit porte sur la simulation numérique du changement de phase (solidification ou fusion de matériaux) dans le cadre de l'étude des accidents graves de réacteurs nucléaires. Dans ce contexte, le manque de connaissance physique et phénoménologique et la limitation des ressources numériques, font que l'utilisation de modèles hétérogènes couplés s'avère souvent nécessaire. Pour autant, le développement des capacités de calcul permet l'utilisation plus large de modèles complexes de CFD. Dans ce travail, on considère plus spécifiquement la simulation des phénomènes de solidification et de fusion entre un liquide chaud (représentant le corium) qui se solidifie au contact d'un solide plus froid (par exemple la cuve). L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils numériques de suivi d'interfaces de front de fusion/solidification qui ont été intégrés dans des codes dédiés à la modélisation des accidents graves. Une première approche de couplage de modèles hétérogènes 0D/2D a été proposée avec une méthode numérique adaptée à ses aspects multidimensionnels dans la plateforme PROCOR. Une modélisation 3D de type CFD a été ensuite développée à partir d'une approche monolithique. Le code TrioCFD a été utilisé comme base de développement et ses méthodes numériques adaptées pour le changement de phase liquide/solide. L'ensemble de ces développements a été testé et validé sur des configurations représentatives du contexte accident grave.This manuscript deals with the numerical simulation of phase change (solidification or fusion of materials) for 'severe accident' in nuclear power plant study. In this context, usually, lack of knowledge of the underlying physics and phenomenology, associated to limited computer resources force the use of coupled heterogeneous models. However, the increase in computer power resources allow nowadays to consider larger and more complex CFD models. In this work, specifically, we consider the simulation of solidification and fusion phenomena between a hot liquid (the so-called corium) which may solidify in contact with a colder solid (for instance, the reactor vessel made of steel). The objective of the PhD is to present new numerical tools to follow fusion/solidification phase fronts. These tools have been integrated in simulation codes dedicated to the modeling of severe accident. A first coupling approach between heterogeneous 0D/2D models, associated with its multi-dimensional numerical method has been developed into the platform PROCOR. Next, a 3D monolithic CFD model has been designed. TrioCFD simulation code has been used as the basis for the development of our numerical methods well suited to handle phase changes between liquid and solid. The proposed developments were tested and validated on simulation configurations representative of the severe accident context