The Analytical View of Solution of the First Boundary Value Problem for the Nonlinear Equation of Heat Conduction with Deviation of the Argument

In this article, for the first time, the first boundary value problem for the equation of thermal conductivity with a variable diffusion coefficient and with a nonlinear term, which depends on the sought function with the deviation of the argument, is solved. For such equations, the initial condition is set on a certain interval. Physical and technical reasons for delays can be transport delays, delays in information transmission, delays in decision-making, etc. The most natural are delays when modeling objects in ecology, medicine, population dynamics, etc. Features of the dynamics of vehicles in different environments (water, land, air) can also be taken into account by introducing a delay. Other physical and technical interpretations are also possible, for example, the molecular distribution of thermal energy in various media (solid bodies, liquids, etc.) is modeled by heat conduction equations. The Green’s function of the first boundary value problem is constructed for the nonlinear equation of heat conduction with a deviation of the argument, its properties are investigated, and the formula for the solution is established

Implications of Unregistered Employment in Kosovo’s Pension System

Governments give substantial importance towards retirement. Pension spending accounts for one of the largest spending items of public expenditure. The importance of pensions is going to increase in the future, as demographic trends reflect the greying of the population, in which a decreasing number of working people will need to support an increasing amount of retired people. At the same time, informal employment is a pressing economic issue as is apparent when comparing its size to the general economy. Kosovo is a country that faces both problems, ageing and high informal employment. This study explores the relationship between these two topics, specifically analyzing the ways in which informal employment affects the pension system and reviewing the attitudes of working age people as they pertain to pensions and work contracts. Informal employment is analyzed through various filters such as age, gender, educational attainment, living situation, and type of work. This study finds that informal employment has a substantially negative effect on the Kosovo pension system by affecting both the tax-funded component and the individual savings fund of the pension system. Lastly, the study offers recommendations related to the relationship of informality and pensions

Correlation of Heavy Metal Content in the Blood of Patients with Ovarian Cancer by Place of Residence

Introduction. Malignant ovarian tumours are an urgent problem in oncology today. Ovarian cancer (OC) is in the top ten in terms of prevalence, ranking 7th, and in the top five in terms of mortality, ranking 4th. The asymptomatic course of the disease is explained by the progression of ovarian cancer mainly due to peritoneal dissemination; that is the reason why the disease is diagnosed at late stages. The prognosis of the disease depends on its stage, the degree of differentiation of the tumour, the recurrence-free period, the size of the residual tumour after surgical treatment. Taking into account the above factors, this disease is interesting for scientists in terms of finding new factors for predicting its course and trying to influence them. Purpose: increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with ovarian cancer by individualizing supportive therapy taking into account the level of heavy metal salts in the blood. Methods. The study is based on the results of observation of 127 patients with ovarian cancer of stages I-IV. The duration of recurrence-free survival was studied and evaluated depending on the place of residence of patients with ovarian cancer. Results. The analysis of the recurrence-free survival of patients by the territorial principle was carried out: higher rates of cumulative survival of patients are recorded in virtually all studied intervals in patients living in Ivano-Frankivsk and Kalush districts (where a higher content of Zn in the blood of patients is recorded). Cox regressions in correlation with Zn variables were constructed for them. The Cox regression was calculated in correlation with the variables of Zn in the blood of patients with OC living in the Ivano-Frankivsk and Kalush districts at minimal values of the metal content in the blood. For the Ivano-Frankivsk district, it is predicted that at the 16th month of observation, the recurrence-free survival rate will be 0%. For Kolomyia district, the projected recurrence-free survival rate is even lower, with no patients remaining at the 9th month of follow-up. The predicted recurrence-free survival in correlation with Zn variables in the blood of patients with OC living in Ivano-Frankivsk and Kalush districts at the maximum values of the metal in the blood was determined. For the Ivano-Frankivsk district, it is predicted that 97% of patients will remain under observation at month 36. For Kolomyia district, the predicted recurrence-free survival rate at the 36th month of observation is 99%. Conclusions. A correlation was found between the zinc content in the blood of patients with OC and the place of residence in Ivano-Frankivsk region; according to the analysis of the obtained data set, the strongest correlation of recurrence-free survival of patients is observed with this element.  Increased levels of zinc and copper in the blood of patients resulted in a longer duration of disease-free survival, so patients from Kalush and Ivano-Frankivsk regions have a more favourable prognosis. For chromium and copper, the place of residence of patients doesn’t play any role.Вступ. Злоякісні пухлини яєчників на сьогоднішній день є актуальною проблемою в онкології. Рак яєчника (РЯ) – у першій десятці за поширеністю, посідаючи 7 місце, та в першій п’ятірці за летальністю, посідаючи 4 місце. Безсимптомне протікання хвороби пояснюється прогресуванням раку яєчника переважно за рахунок дисемінації по очеревині, в результаті  чого у більшості пацієнтів хвороба діагностується на пізніх стадіях. А прогноз  хвороби залежить від стадії захворювання, ступеня диференціації пухлини, безрецидивного періоду, розмірів залишкової пухлини після хірургічного лікування. Враховуючи вищенаведені фактори це захворювання є цікавим для науковців у плані пошуку нових факторів прогнозу перебігу хвороби та спроби впливу на них. Методи. В основу дослідження покладені результати спостереження за 127 пацієнтів на рак яєчника I-ІV стадій. Вивченню та оцінці підлягала тривалість безрицидивної виживаності в залежності від місця проживання пацієнтів з раком яєчника. Результати. Проведено аналіз безрецидивної виживаності хворих по тереторіальному принципу: більші показники кумулятивної виживаності пацієнтів реєструються фактично на всіх досліджуваних інтервалах у пацієнтів, які проживають у Франківському та Калуському районах (де зареєстровано більший вміст у крові хворих Zn). Для них побудовано регресії Кокса в кореляції від змінних Zn.               Розраховано регресію Кокса в кореляції від змінних Zn у крові пацієнтів з РЯ, які проживають у Франківському та Калуському районах при мінімальних значеннях вмісту металу у крові. Для Франківського району прогнозується, що на 16-му місяці спостереження безрецидивна виживаність дорівнюватиме 0%. Для Коломийського району прогнозована безрецидивна виживаність ще менша – вже на 9-му місяці спостереження не залишиться пацієнтів. Визначено прогнозовану безрецидивну виживаність в кореляції від змінних Zn у крові пацієнтів з РЯ, які проживають у Франківському та Калуському районах при максимальних значеннях вмісту металу у крові. Для Франківського району прогнозується, що на 36-му місяці на спостереженні залишиться 97% пацієнтів. Для Коломийського району прогнозована безрецидивна виживаність на 36-му місяці спостереження становить  99%. Висновки. Виявлено залежність між вмістом цинку в крові хворих на РЯ та місцем проживання в Івано-Франківській області, згідно аналізу отриманого масиву даних, найбільш сильна кореляція безрецидивної виживаності хворих спостерігається саме з даним елементом.  При збільшенні в крові пацієнтів цинку та міді відмічається вища тривалість безрецидивної виживаності, тому  у хворих з Калуського та Івано-Франківського районів більш сприятливий прогноз. Для хрому та міді не визначається відмінність у залежності від місця проживання пацієнтів

Studies on the internalization mechanisms of cationic cell-penetrating peptides.

A great deal of data has been amassed suggesting that cationic peptides are able to translocate into eucaryotic cells in a temperature-independent manner. Although such peptides are widely used to promote the intracellular delivery of bioactive molecules, the mechanism by which this cell-penetrating activity occurs still remains unclear. Here, we present an in vitro study of the cellular uptake of peptides, originally deriving from protegrin (the SynB peptide vectors), that have also been shown to enhance the transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. In parallel, we have examined the internalization process of two lipid-interacting peptides, SynB5 and pAntp-(43–58), the latter corresponding to the translocating segment of the Antennapedia homeodomain. We report a quantitative study of the time- and dose-dependence of internalization and demonstrate that these peptides accumulate inside vesicular structures. Furthermore, we have examined the role of endocytotic pathways in this process using a variety of metabolic and endocytosis inhibitors. We show that the internalization of these peptides is a temperatureand energy-dependent process and that endosomal transport is a key component of the mechanism. Altogether, our results suggest that SynB and pAntp-(43–58) peptides penetrate into cells by an adsorptive-mediated endocytosis process rather than temperature-independent translocation

WATERMELON FRUIT (CITRULLUS VULGARIS) AGAINST BLOOD PRESSURE FOR ELDERLY WITH HYPERTENSION

Introduction. Hypertension is a disorder that inhibited the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissue inhibited and makes. The one of theraphy that can be used to control blood pressure is by eating watermelon regulary. The purpose of this study was to identify effectiveness watermelon fruit (Citrullus vulgaris) against blood pressure for elderly with hypertension. Methods. This study used Quasi Experimental design with pretest-posttest design. The numbers of samples were 12 people, that using total sampling as sampling tecnique. Analysis was performed by T-Test Dependent test. Result. Statistical analysis result showed there were any differences of blood pressure before and after treatment, with the average difference = systole 3.5mmHg and diastole 2.5mmHg. P = systole 0.000, diastole 0.049. Discussion. It can be concluded that there were any differences of giving watermelon for the blood pressure on samples with hypertention. It was highly recomanded to patients with hypertension to consume watermelon regulary.Keywords: Citrullus Vulgaris, Elderly, Hypertensio

Formation of the postmitotic nuclear envelope from extended ER cisternae precedes nuclear pore assembly

During mitosis, the nuclear envelope merges with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and nuclear pore complexes are disassembled. In a current model for reassembly after mitosis, the nuclear envelope forms by a reshaping of ER tubules. For the assembly of pores, two major models have been proposed. In the insertion model, nuclear pore complexes are embedded in the nuclear envelope after their formation. In the prepore model, nucleoporins assemble on the chromatin as an intermediate nuclear pore complex before nuclear envelope formation. Using live-cell imaging and electron microscope tomography, we find that the mitotic assembly of the nuclear envelope primarily originates from ER cisternae. Moreover, the nuclear pore complexes assemble only on the already formed nuclear envelope. Indeed, all the chromatin-associated Nup 107–160 complexes are in single units instead of assembled prepores. We therefore propose that the postmitotic nuclear envelope assembles directly from ER cisternae followed by membrane-dependent insertion of nuclear pore complexes

Membrane curvature at a glance

Membrane curvature is an important parameter in defining the morphology of cells, organelles and local membrane subdomains. Transport intermediates have simpler shapes, being either spheres or tubules. The generation and maintenance of curvature is of central importance for maintaining trafficking and cellular functions. It is possible that local shapes in complex membranes could help to define local subregions. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we summarize how generating, sensing and maintaining high local membrane curvature is an active process that is mediated and controlled by specialized proteins using general mechanisms: (i) changes in lipid composition and asymmetry, (ii) partitioning of shaped transmembrane domains of integral membrane proteins or protein or domain crowding, (iii) reversible insertion of hydrophobic protein motifs, (iv) nanoscopic scaffolding by oligomerized hydrophilic protein domains and, finally, (v) macroscopic scaffolding by the cytoskeleton with forces generated by polymerization and by molecular motors. We also summarize some of the discoveries about the functions of membrane curvature, where in addition to providing cell or organelle shape, local curvature can affect processes like membrane scission and fusion as well as protein concentration and enzyme activation on membranes

α-Synuclein and ALPS motifs are membrane curvature sensors whose contrasting chemistry mediates selective vesicle binding

Two membrane curvature–sensing molecules with opposite chemistries are targeted to distinct vesicle classes through direct interaction with different lipid environments

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕССЕНЦІАЛЕ В КОМПЛЕКСНІЙ ТЕРАПІЇ ВАГІТНИХ З ПРЕЕКЛАМПСІЄЮ

Іп work the new national preparation - essentsiale, was tested in treatment of preeklampsy.В работе апробировано эссенциале влечении преэклампсии беременных.В роботі апробовано ессенціале у лікуванні прееклампсії вагітних