3,083 research outputs found
The Olympic “Revolt” of 1968 and its Lessons for Contemporary African American Athletic Activism
This overview of the 1968 African American Olympic protest movement provides historical context and a comparative touchstone for understanding the current wave of Black athletic activism in the United States. At a basic level, the exercise reminds us that sport-based activism is not unprecedented and, when it emerges, tends to be connected with the larger social movements of the day (the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s and Black Lives Matter more recently). The comparison also shows contemporary activism to be the biggest and broadest mobilization of African American athletes and their supporters in American history, propelled especially by the participation of women and athletes across multiple sports and levels of participation. However, athletic activism remains as polarizing as ever and the most significant impacts of athletic activism still appear to be primarily symbolic or cultural. The final section of the paper highlights the cultural dimensions of sport—its “serious play” status, normative prohibitions against politics, and its individualistic, colorblind visions of race and social justice—that make athletically-based activism of all sorts challenging
Does Protest “Distract” Athletes From Performing? Evidence From the National Anthem Demonstrations in the National Football League
While there is a long tradition of activism within sport, a popular criticism of athlete protest is that it is a “distraction” that hinders on-field performance. The widespread demonstrations against racial injustice in 2017 among players in the National Football League (NFL) provided an opportunity to test this “distraction hypothesis.” Using data drawn from multiple sources, we first explored which factors predicted player protest, finding that Black players and those playing for underdogs were more likely to protest. Then, using a series of analyses at the player-game level (n = 19,051) and the team-game level (n = 512), we tested the assertion that protest is detrimental to individual or team performance, finding no evidence for a distraction effect. The results of this study allow us to better understand social factors that may affect athletic performance or constrain athlete activism
Radio sources at low Galactic latitudes
We present high-resolution radio observations of a sample of 65 radio sources
at low Galactic latitudes. The sources were all observed at 5 GHz with the Very
Large Array A-array. MERLIN observations at 5 GHz of the ultracompact HII
region G34.26+0.15 and one of the extragalactic sources, B1857-000, are also
presented, as are GMRT observations of HI in the direction of three sources,
B1801-203, B1802-196 and B1938+229. These observations were made with the
objectives of (i) finding compact components suitable for studying the effects
of interstellar scattering at lower frequencies, (ii) identifying high
surface-brightness lobes of background radio sources to probe the Galactic
magnetic field on different scales via polarization observations, and (iii)
searching for young supernova remnants. We discuss the nature of the sources
found to have shell or shell-like structure and exhibiting both thermal and
non-thermal spectra. Of the remaining sources, B1749-281 is coincident within
the positional errors of a known pulsar, not detected earlier at 5 GHz. The
rest are likely to be background extragalactic objects.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures (most with multiple images), 1 table. Accepted
for publicaton in MNRA
Use and use of water resources on the construction site
O referido trabalho aborda a utilização da água na construção civil acerca do desenvolvimento
sustentável do setor. O entendimento, a valorização e a gestão dos recursos hídricos, tratados em
questão, norteiam a evolução de uma das principais linhas de produção. Com a apresentação de um
aporte teórico em relação ao assunto, expõe-se o cenário do consumo de água em canteiro de obras
desde seu consumo humano até sua devida utilização em atividades técnicas de execução. A partir
disso buscou-se possíveis soluções e linhas de raciocínio com o intuito amenizar os impactos
causados pelo desperdício e a má empregabilidade do recurso hídrico. É necessário atentar-se para
a utilização da água em construções uma vez que, culturalmente, a mesma não é considerada ou
vista com o devido valor pelos profissionais da área. Um recurso tão essencial e participativo em
todas as etapas construtivas merece uma atenção específica e responsável.The referred work addresses the use of water in civil construction regarding the sustainable
development of the sector. The understanding, valuation and management of water resources,
treated in question, guide the evolution of one of the main production lines. With the presentation of
a theoretical contribution in relation to the subject, the scenario of water consumption in
construction sites is exposed, from its human consumption to its proper use in technical execution
activities. From this, possible solutions and lines of reasoning were sought in order to mitigate the
impacts caused by waste and poor employability of the water resource. It is necessary to pay attention to the use of water in buildings since, culturally, it is not considered or seen with due
value by professionals in the area. Such an essential and participatory resource in all construction
stages deserves specific and responsible attention
Dynamically Driven Evolution of the Interstellar Medium in M51
We report the highest-fidelity observations of the spiral galaxy M51 in CO
emission, revealing the evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) vis-a-vis
the large-scale galactic structure and dynamics. The most massive GMCs
(so-called GMAs) are first assembled and then broken up as the gas flow through
the spiral arms. The GMAs and their H2 molecules are not fully dissociated into
atomic gas as predicted in stellar feedback scenarios, but are fragmented into
smaller GMCs upon leaving the spiral arms. The remnants of GMAs are detected as
the chains of GMCs that emerge from the spiral arms into interarm regions. The
kinematic shear within the spiral arms is sufficient to unbind the GMAs against
self-gravity. We conclude that the evolution of GMCs is driven by large-scale
galactic dynamics --their coagulation into GMAs is due to spiral arm streaming
motions upon entering the arms, followed by fragmentation due to shear as they
leave the arms on the downstream side. In M51, the majority of the gas remains
molecular from arm entry through the inter-arm region and into the next spiral
arm passage.Comment: 6 pages, including 3 figures. Accepted, ApJ
Interaction of Close-in Planets with the Magnetosphere of their Host Stars. II. Super-Earths as Unipolar Inductors and their Orbital Evolution
Planets with several Earth masses and a few day orbital periods have been
discovered through radial velocity and transit surveys. Regardless of their
formation mechanism, a key evolution issue is the efficiency of their retention
near their host stars. If these planets attained their present-day orbits
during or shortly after the T Tauri phase of their host stars, a large fraction
would have encountered intense stellar magnetic field. Since these planets have
a higher conductivity than the atmosphere of their stars, the magnetic flux
tube connecting the planet and host star would slip though the envelope of the
star faster than across the planet. The induced electro-motive force across the
planet's diameter leads to a potential drop which propagates along a flux tube
away from the planet with an Alfven speed. The foot of the flux tube sweeps
across the stellar surface and the potential drop drives a DC current analogous
to that proposed for the Io-Jupiter electrodynamic interaction. The ohmic
dissipation of this current produces potentially observable hot spots in the
star envelope. The current heats the planet and leads to a Lorrentz torque
which drives the planet's orbit to evolve toward circularization and
synchronization with the star's spin. The net effect is the damping of the
planet's orbital eccentricity. Around slowly (rapidly) spinning stars, this
process also causes rocky planets with periods less than a few days to undergo
orbital decay (expansion/stagnation) within a few Myr. In principle, this
effect can determine the retention efficiency of short-period hot Earths. We
also estimate the ohmic dissipation in these planets and show that it can lead
to severe structure evolution and potential loss of volatile material. However,
these effects may be significantly weakened by the reconnection of the induced
field [Slightly shortened abstract]
Sports-based intervention and the problem of youth offending: a diverse enough tool for a diverse society?
This paper discusses sports-based interventions (SBIs) and the problem of youth crime. It notes the positive role sport can play in changing to better the lives of young people. However, there is a lack of robust evidence to support the argument that participation in sporting activity can lead to a reduction in anti-social and offending behaviour. The paper discusses how through focusing on ‘individual needs’ and ‘pathways to work’, SBIs can become overly reductionist and mask broader structural class-, gender- and race-based inequalities that permeate through neoliberal nation-states and western criminal justice systems. It concludes that SBI advocates must seek to promote a less homogeneous idea of what an SBI is, as well as be more sensitive to the diverse needs of young people, particularly if they are to tackle the underlying structural inequalities that arguably create the social problem, that is youth crime in the first place
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