THE APPLICATION AND EMPLOYMENT OF SPECIAL FORCES TO EFFECTIVELY OPERATE IN THE MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS ENVIRONMENT OF LARGE-SCALE COMBAT OPERATIONS

With the U.S. military’s shift in focus to large-scale combat operations (LSCO) in a multi-domain operations (MDO) environment, special forces (SF) must adapt and develop new strategies to operate and succeed in a new technologically enabled combat environment. MDO warfare has evolved and now includes the 4th dimension of information, electronic, and cyber warfare. The prevalence of information through open-source internet, radio, and television as well as a high reliance on electronic communications equipment has enhanced the offense opportunities for both the United States and its adversaries alike. Designed and assembled in an era prior to the MDO environment, the SF force structure currently lacks some of the capabilities to effectively operate and thrive on modern battlefields. Capabilities such as electronic warfare or employment and exploitation of cyber space hold significant influence on the battlespace, which SF units are ill prepared to employ or exploit. As a result, SF units should reconsider their capabilities when it comes to penetrating and disabling the anti-access area denial (A2/AD) bubbles established by our enemies. SF should also consider the tools required to destroy or disable A2/AD. Ultimately, SF must reanalyze how they are positioned and employed within LSCO. A look at modern-era case studies show that SF must adapt its capabilities and force structure if it is to remain relevant and effective in future conflicts.Major, United States ArmyMajor, United States ArmyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Zmiany regionalnych struktur sektora usług w krajach UE w latach 2010–2020

The development of the service sector, which is observed along with the increase in socio-economic development, is only one of the symptoms of changes in the economy. Much more important are the changes in the structure of the service sector itself. Due to the high heterogeneity of this sector, only a detailed analysis of changes to individual types of services gives a complete picture of the changes and the importance of the third sector in the economy. The article’s main objective is to identify changes taking place in the structure of the EU countries’ services sector using the transfer method of share transfer. The analysis was carried out in the format of NACE sections (PKD) in 2010–2020 for the number of economic entities and employees in the territorial layout at the NUTS2 level. The analysis concludes that there is a decline in the importance of traditional services under Section G, the development of professional, scientific and technical services (Section M) and an increase in the importance of ICT-related services (Section J). Polish regions do not differ from the panuropean pattern of change; some belonged to units with the most dynamically developing sections of the surveyed services in Europe.Rozwój sektora usług, który obserwowany jest wraz ze wzrostem poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego, jest tylko jednym z symptomów przemian zachodzących w gospodarce. Znacznie istotniejsze są zmiany w strukturze samego sektora usług. Ze względu na dużą heterogeniczność tego sektora, dopiero analiza przekształceń w odniesieniu do poszczególnych rodzajów usług daje pełen obraz przemian i znaczenia trzeciego sektora w gospodarce. Głównym celem artykułu jest identyfikacja zmian zachodzących w strukturze sektora usług krajów UE z wykorzystaniem metody przesunięć udziałów. Analiza została przeprowadzona w układzie sekcji NACE (PKD) w latach 2010–2020 dla liczby podmiotów gospodarczych oraz liczby zatrudnionych w układzie terytorialnym na poziomie NUTS2. Analiza prowadzi do wniosku, że następuje spadek znaczenia tradycyjnych usług zaliczanych do sekcji G oraz rozwój usług profesjonalnych, naukowych i technicznych (sekcja M), a także wzrost znaczenia usług związanych z sektorem ICT (sekcja J). Polskie regiony nie odstają od ogólnoeuropejskiego wzorca zmian, a niektóre z nich należały do jednostek z najdynamiczniej rozwijającymi się sekcjami badanych usług w Europie

Performance: An Approach to Strengthening Interdisciplinarity in Women\u27s Studies and Gender Studies

Issues of transition are always difficult and transforming founding assumptions to suit changing conditions can be a challenge for Women’s Studies and Gender Studies programs in the corporate university environment. This essay explains how performance of Fefu and Her Friends by Marie Irene Fornes in a mansion on campus led faculty participants in History, Classics, Modern Languages, Theatre, Communication, Social Work, and Nursing to re-vision their professional lives and the institutional status of the Women’s Studies and Gender Studies program through a new appreciation for interdisciplinarity, derived from using performance as research. Each of eight faculty reflect on their experience of performance as an embodied pedagogy and method of research. The importance of emotion, trust, and responsibility in team work and collaboration, consideration of bodies in spaces and communities, and linkages between theory to practice are all considered in reflections. The individual re-visioning led to changes and renewed energy in the WSGS program and faculty collaboration in research and teaching

A study of educational leadership preparation concerning the assistant principal : perspectives of Missouri principals and assistant principals

Abstract from short.pdf file.Dissertation supervisor: Dr. Cynthia MacGregor.Includes vita.It is unclear if the initial preparation of educational leaders, in relation to the role of assistant principals (APs), has kept pace with growing demands associated with the position. Little research exists specifically addressing the initial developmental preparation of APs. Elements of a needs assessment and program evaluation combine to build infrastructure for a conceptual framework to guide this study. A mixed method design for this study was determined to be the best method in which to provide answers concerning the proposed research questions. Participants consisted of lead and assistant principals from school districts across Missouri. Quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed for trends. Quantitative and qualitative data was compared to one another in order to attain a thorough and comprehensive examination of collected data.Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-161)

Hot, Tired and Hungry: The Snacking Behaviour and Food Cravings of Firefighters During Multi-Day Simulated Wildfire Suppression

Firefighters are exposed to numerous stressors during wildfire suppression, including working in hot temperatures and sleep restricted conditions. Research has shown that when sleep restricted, individuals choose foods higher in carbohydrates, fat, and sugar, and have increased cravings for calorie dense foods. However, there is currently no research on the combined effect of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour. Conducting secondary analyses from a larger study, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour and food cravings. Sixty-six firefighters completed three days of simulated physically demanding firefighting work and were randomly allocated to either the control (n = 18, CON; 19 °C, 8h sleep opportunity), sleep restricted (n = 16, SR; 19 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity), hot (n = 18, HOT; 33 °C, 8h sleep opportunity), or hot and sleep restricted (n = 14 HOT + SR; 33 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity) condition. During rest periods firefighters were able to self-select sweet, savoury, or healthy snacks from a ration pack and were asked to rate their hunger, fullness, and cravings every two hours (eating block). Mixed model analyses revealed no difference in total energy intake between conditions, however there was a significant interaction between eating block and condition, with those in the CON, HOT, and HOT + SR condition consuming significantly more energy between 1230 and 1430 compared to the SR condition (p = 0.002). Sleep restriction and heat did not impact feelings of hunger and fullness across the day, and did not lead to greater cravings for snacks, with no differences between conditions. These findings suggest that under various simulated firefighting conditions, it is not the amount of food that differs but the timing of food intake, with those that are required to work in hot conditions while sleep restricted more likely to consume food between 1230 and 1430. This has potential implications for the time of day in which a greater amount of food should be available for firefighters.</jats:p