Análisis filogenético de arqueas amonio-oxidantes enfocado en la evolución de los genes del operón amo.

Las arqueas oxidantes del amonio (AOA) son fundamentales en el desarrollo del ciclo biogeoquímico del nitrógeno. Este proceso metabólico está catalizado por la enzima Amo, la cual está formada por 3 subunidades: AmoA, AmoB y AmoC. El gen amoA es el segundo gen más empleado como marcador genético para estudios filogenéticos y como herramienta de clasificación taxonómica. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la filogenia de distintas especies de AOA del grupo Thaumarchaeota en relación con estos tres genes, junto a dos genes esenciales para el metabolismo, los que codifican para las enzimas Aconitasa y Acetil-CoA sintetasa, y con el gen codificante para el RNA ribosomal 16S rRNA. Otro objetivo es determinar la posición filogenética de las especies estudiadas, con relación a arqueas del Grupo Asgard, como Prometheoarchaeum. Para este análisis se establece un pipeline mediante herramientas bioinformáticas que permita automatizar parte del proceso. Este junto con otras herramientas bioinformáticas facilita la elaboración de análisis filogenéticos que discuten la utilidad de amoA, muestran la naturaleza del gen amoB, y sugieren la importancia de la transferencia genética horizontal en los procesos evolutivos

Sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para la empresa servicios generales kugar s.a.c., 2019

Este trabajo de investigación que presentamos tiene como propósito diseñar un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud para la empresa KUGAR SAC. Es una metodología de tipo descriptivo, No Experimental - Transversal; ya que esto será un trabajo donde las variables no son medibles. La población estuvo conformada por todos los procesos de la empresa, la herramienta que se utilizo fue la lista de verificación de lineamientos del SGSST, los datos que se recopilo fueron procesados en Microsoft Excel 2014 y esto se realizó en base a la Ley 29783 ?Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo? y su reglamento por el Decreto Supremo 005-2012- TR. Lo que se busca con esta investigación es obtener resultado orientados a mejorar sus procedimientos de trabajo para que sean más seguros, es por ello que se buscó el diagnóstico situacional de la empresa, utilizando la lista de verificación de lineamientos de SGSST, además se aplicó herramientas como la matriz IPERC, Mapa de Riesgos, Política de SST, Reglamento Interno de SST, Plan Anual de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo; para cuidar y proteger la integridad física del personal y también para evitar los accidentes en la empresa KUGAR S.A.C. y mejorará el nivel de seguridad y salud de los trabajadores. Se concluye que al realizar el análisis beneficio/costo a la implementación del Sistema de Seguridad y Salud, se obtiene que por cada sol invertido se tendrá un beneficio de S/. 0.72, aceptando que es viable y que tiene un beneficio económico para la empresa.Tesi

Accelerated inbreeding depression suggests synergistic epistasis for deleterious mutations in Drosophila melanogaster

Epistasis may have important consequences for a number of issues in quantitative genetics and evolutionary biology. In particular, synergistic epistasis for deleterious alleles is relevant to the mutation load paradox and the evolution of sex and recombination. Some studies have shown evidence of synergistic epistasis for spontaneous or induced deleterious mutations appearing in mutation-accumulation experiments. However, many newly arising mutations may not actually be segregating in natural populations because of the erasing action of natural selection. A demonstration of synergistic epistasis for naturally segregating alleles can be achieved by means of inbreeding depression studies, as deleterious recessive allelic effects are exposed in inbred lines. Nevertheless, evidence of epistasis from these studies is scarce and controversial. In this paper, we report the results of two independent inbreeding experiments carried out with two different populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The results show a consistent accelerated inbreeding depression for fitness, suggesting synergistic epistasis among deleterious alleles. We also performed computer simulations assuming different possible models of epistasis and mutational parameters for fitness, finding some of them to be compatible with the results observed. Our results suggest that synergistic epistasis for deleterious mutations not only occurs among newly arisen spontaneous or induced mutations, but also among segregating alleles in natural populationsXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2016-037Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CGL2016-75904-C2-1-

La relación entre las Estrategias Distintivas de las Empresas y los Nombres Poco Frecuentes de los CEO

Esta investigación, tiene la finalidad de analizar en qué medida los nombres poco frecuentes de los CEO se relacionan con la implementación de estrategias distintivas, para entender cómo influye el nombre del hombre más poderoso de una compañía Un CEO de nombre poco común es un ejecutivo que toda su vida ha sabido que es diferente del resto, tiene mucha confianza en sí mismo, eso le ayuda a tomar estrategias más acertadas que le permiten llevar a su empresa en buena dirección. Se analizaron cuatro subtemas relacionados con el CEO de nombre poco frecuente: a) Psicología de nombres poco frecuentes. Establecer por qué las personas con nombres poco frecuentes tienden a desarrollar mayor auto concepción. b) Características del CEO. Distinguir qué características específicas se presentan en los CEO. c) Gestión empresarial. Distinguir cuál es el patrón existente entre el nombre poco frecuente de los CEO y la toma de decisiones distintivas. y d) Confianza del CEO. Analizar la relación entre la confianza del CEO y su nombre poco común. Estos subtemas permiten conocer con mayor amplitud la relevancia del nombre poco común del CEO y también mostrar que las estrategias distintivas tomadas están directamente relacionadas con su nombre. Por otro lado, existen controversias que señalan que llevar un nombre inusual podría generar una percepción negativa en otras personas y reducir la autoestima del portador. Tener un nombre poco frecuente podría llegar a ser una carga eterna para unos y para otros una oportunidad de marcar la diferenciación de ser únicos.This research aims to analyze to what extent the rare names of CEOs are related to the implementation of distinctive strategies, to understand how the name of the most powerful man in a company influences. A CEO with an unusual name is an executive who has known during all his life that he is different from the others, he has a lot of confidence on himself, that helps him to employ more successful strategies that allow him to conduct his company in the right direction. Four subtopics related to the CEO with a rare name were analyzed: a) Psychology of rare names. To establish why people with infrequent names tend to develop greater self-conception. b) Characteristics of the CEO. To distinguish what specific characteristics are presented in CEOs. c) Business management. To distinguish the pattern between the rare name of CEOs and distinctive decision-making. and d) Confidence of the CEO. To analyze the relationship between the CEO's trust and his unusual name. These subtopics allow a greater understanding of the relevance of the CEO's rare name and also show that the distinctive strategies taken are directly related to his name.   On the other hand, there are controversies that indicate that carrying an unusual name could generate a negative perception in other people and reduce the self-esteem of the bearer. Having a rare name could become an eternal burden for some and for others an opportunity to differentiate themselves from being unique.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Poder, género e política: as mulheres na liderança da política cultural em Portugal

Power, as a discourse that circulates in the social fabric, defines the nature of gender relations andtheir political dynamics. In a power play in which the masculine dominates all symbolic aspects of  ocial life and the feminine isconnoted as the Other, women have created a space for resistance and are gaining political leadership. Based on this theoretical context,we conducted a data survey – and subsequent descriptive analysis – which presents the panorama of female leadership in the main political bodies of culture in Portugal.O poder, enquanto discurso que circula no tecido social, define a natureza das relações de género e sua dinâmica política. Num jogo de forças em que o masculino domina todos os aspetos simbólicos da vida social e o feminino é conotado como o Outro, a mulher começa a criar espaço de resistência e ganha liderança política. Com base nestacontextualização teórica, realizamos um levantamento de dados – e posterior análisedescritiva – que apresenta o panorama de liderança feminina nos principais órgãospolíticos da cultura, em Portugal

Roles of host genetics and sperm microbiota in reproductive success in healthy rabbit

[EN] Although the effects of sperm microbiota and sperm quality have been described previously, recent studies provide evidence that female genital modifications triggered by seminal components could be of significant importance to identify some disturbances associated with fertility. So, sperm microbiota could play a key role in sperm quality, contributing to fertilisation. To understand how sperm microbiota diversity is influenced by the host genetics, the symbiotic bacteria in four inbred lines raised in the same animal facility and their effects on sperm quality and fertility were analysed. Forty healthy rabbits from four selected Spanish commercial lines were used in this research (three based on litter performance, designated A, V and LP, and one selected for daily body weight gain, called R). Significant variations in the seminal concentration, morphology and some motion parameters were found among inbred lines, but sperm motility and viability were similar among inbred lines. After mating, inbred lines selected for litter size had the same fertility rate, significantly higher than inbred line selected for body weight (82 ± 3.3%, 79 ± 3.5% and 89 ± 4.5% versus 61 ± 3.7%, for the A, V and LP vs R lines, respectively, p < 0.05). Bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes were identified in sperm microbiota. At genus level, the bacterial community composition in the sperm microbiota was influenced by host genetics. A total of 35, 16, 34, and 51 genera were accurately detected in the A, V, LP, and R lines, respectively. Moreover, Enhydrobacter, Ferruginibacter, Myroides Paracoccus, Rheinheimera, Tepidiphilus, Tetradesmus obliquus and Thauera genera were present only in the inbred lines selected for litter size. Moreover, the discriminant analysis revealed Lysinibacillus and Flavobacterium genera as potential biomarkers for fertility. Thus, these two genera may play a key role in fertility. Our results demonstrated the existence of a rabbit inbred line-specific variation in bacterial occurrence in sperm microbiota. Moreover, fertility differentials among inbred lines that were not predicted by routine semen analysis could be partly explained by the symbiotic state of the semen microbiota.Funding from the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Research project: AGL2017-85162-C2-1-R) is acknowledged. X.G.D. was supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (BES-2015-072429). English text version was revised by N. Macowan English Language Service.Marco-Jiménez, F.; Borrás-Pérez, S.; Garcia-Dominguez, X.; D Auria, G.; Vicente Antón, JS.; Marin, C. (2020). Roles of host genetics and sperm microbiota in reproductive success in healthy rabbit. Theriogenology. 158:416-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.028S41642315

Constraining the PG 1553+113 binary hypothesis: interpreting a new, 22-year period

PG 1553+113 is a well-known blazar exhibiting evidence of a $\sim\! 2.2$-year quasi-periodic oscillation in radio, optical, X-ray, and $\gamma$-ray bands. We present evidence of a new, longer oscillation of $21.8 \pm 4.7$ years in its historical optical light curve covering 100 years of observation. On its own, this $\sim\! 22$-year period has a statistical significance of $1.9\sigma$ when accounting for the look-elsewhere effect. However, the probability of both the $2.2$- and $22$-year periods arising from noise is $\sim0.02\%$ ($3.5\sigma$). The next peak of the 22-year oscillation should occur around July 2025. We find that the $\sim\,$10:1 relation between these two periods can arise in a plausible supermassive black hole binary model. Our interpretation of PG 1553+113's two periods suggests that the binary engine has a mass ratio $\gtrsim 0.2$, an eccentricity $\lesssim 0.1$, and accretes from a disk with characteristic aspect ratio $\sim 0.03$. The putative supermassive black hole binary radiates nHz gravitational waves, but the amplitude is $\sim10-100$ times too low for detection by foreseeable pulsar timing arrays.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 1 tabl

TiO₂ Nanoparticles Supported on Hierarchical Meso/Macroporous SiO₂ Spheres for Photocatalytic Applications

Supporting a photocatalyst, such as titania nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), is a good strategy to improve its performance since it can facilitate the photocatalyst recovery from the aqueous media and provides a high surface area for pollutant adsorption. Among the several advanced functional materials used as TiO2 NP support, the hierarchical meso/macroporous SiO2 spheres not only show the advantages associated to its chemical nature but also the dendritic fibrous structure provides a porous network that offers many benefits to be exploited in optical and catalytic devices. In this chapter, different synthetic approaches to design hierarchical meso/macroporous silica and the strategies to support TiO2 NPs regarding the photocatalytic performance of these materials are shown

Tissue-specific decellularized endometrial substratum mimicking different physiological conditions influences in vitro embryo development in a rabbit model

[EN] In the last decades, the decellularization (DC) of organs has become an established technique in the field of regenerative medicine to yield complex and vascularized bioscaffolds. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated in vitro that these decellularized scaffolds retain their native tissue-specificity. This is also the case when this tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) is solubilized and used as hydrogels or coatings to create a biomimetic environment. In this study we investigated if this specificity not only remains when applied to distinct tissues but even more, that these differences can be distinguished within the same tissue at different stages of proliferation. To address this question, a sensitive in vitro animal model was used: rabbit embryos at the third day of development were cultured on coatings made from acellular endometrium that was non-proliferating (non-synchronous, NS) and proliferating (synchronous with the embryo, S) and their development was compared. For this, we obtained whole NS and S rabbit uteri and subjected them to an adapted decellularization protocol. The acellular endometrium was carefully separated by microdissection and converted into a pre-gel solution to be used as hydrogels and coatings for in vitro assays. First, the characteristics of these NS and S hydrogels were investigated by proteomic analysis, electron microscopy and gelling kinetics. When used as substrata for day 3 embryos culture, it became apparent that only the acellular ECM from synchronous endometrial coating achieved similar results to the gold standard culture protocols and conditions, possibly because of the slow release of growth factors present in the synchronous/proliferating endometrium. Statement of Significance It has been shown by in vitro culture of stem cells, progenitor cells and primary culture cells that decellularized tissues retain their specific functions and biochemical and structural compositions. The present work demonstrates that using a mild SDS and perfusion based decellularization (DC) protocol not only effectively decellularize whole rabbit uteri, adding to the growing field of reproductive tissue engineering, but more importantly that the differences in the proliferating endometrium are translated after DC. This implies that DC not only retains the interspecificity of tissues but also the intraspecificity of a developing hormonally stimulated tissue. For the first time, we demonstrate that the coating from decellularized synchronous endometrium acts as a biological support for in vitro embryo development, achieving comparable results with the current gold standard that only uses serum-containing media. (C) 2019 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).This study was supported by the following entities: GRISO-LIA/2015/002 (HC); PI17/01039 (IC); Prometeo/2018/137 (IC); AGL2017-85162-C2-1-R; BES-2015-072429 (XGD); ACIF/2017/118 (SLM). The proteomics laboratory is a member of Proteored, PRB3 and is supported by grant PT17/0019, of the PE I + D + i 2013-2016, funded by ISCIII and ERDF.Campo, H.; Garcia-Dominguez, X.; López-Martínez, S.; Faus, A.; Vicente Antón, JS.; Marco-Jiménez, F.; Cervello, I. (2019). Tissue-specific decellularized endometrial substratum mimicking different physiological conditions influences in vitro embryo development in a rabbit model. Acta Biomaterialia. 89:126-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.004S1261388

PKC-omerga and HIV-1 transcriptional regulator Tat co-exist at the LTR promoter in CD4⁺ T cells

PKCtheta is essential for the activation of CD4+ T cells. Upon TCR/CD28 stimulation, PKCtheta is phosphorylated and migrates to the immunological synapse, inducing the activation of cellular transcription factors such as NF-kB and kinases as ERK that are critical for HIV-1 replication. We previously demonstrated that PKCtheta is also necessary for HIV-1 replication but the precise mechanism is unknown. Efficient HIV-1 transcription and elongation is absolutely dependent on the synergy between NF-kB and the viral regulator Tat. Tat exerts its function by binding a RNA stem-loop structure proximal to the viral mRNA cap site termed TAR. Besides, due to its effect on cellular metabolic pathways, Tat causes profound changes in infected CD4+ T cells such as the activation of NF-kB and ERK. We hypothesized that the aberrant up-regulation of Tat-mediated activation of NF-kB and ERK occurred through PKCtheta signaling. In fact, Jurkat TetOff cells with stable and doxycycline-repressible expression of Tat (Jurkat-Tat) expressed high levels of mRNA for PKCtheta. In these cells, PKCtheta located at the plasma membrane was phosphorylated at T538 residue in undivided cells, in the absence of stimulation. Treatment with doxycycline inhibited PKCtheta phosphorylation in Jurkat-Tat, suggesting that Tat expression was directly related to the activation of PKCtheta. Both NF-kB and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway were significantly activated in Jurkat-Tat cells, and this correlated with high transactivation of HIV-1 LTR promoter. RNA interference for PKCtheta inhibited NF-kB and ERK activity, as well as LTR-mediated transactivation even in the presence of Tat. In addition to Tat-mediated activation of PKCtheta in the cytosol, we demonstrated by sequential ChIP that Tat and PKCtheta coexisted in the same complex bound at the HIV-1 LTR promoter, specifically at the region containing TAR loop. In conclusion, PKCtheta-Tat interaction seemed to be essential for HIV-1 replication in CD4+ T cells and could be used as a therapeutic target