Potential Growth and Business Cycle in the Spanish Economy: Implications for Fiscal Policy

An accurately estimation of the cyclical position of an economy is a necessary condition for the success of fiscal stabilisation policies. In this paper we show that the estimation of the output gap by means of decomposing a production function produces similar results to univariate and multivariate methods, increasing their robustness and allowing us to conclude that most of the information on the economic cycle is included in the cyclical component of the unemployment rate. The results also indicate that there is reduced uncertainty about the periods when the Spanish economy has clearly been in a deep recession or in a sharp expansion. These periods have been limited and of relatively short duration. Fiscal policy should pay particular attention to these episodes, when discretionary stabilisation policies make most sense.potential growth, business cycle, speed-limit policies

Estudis i investigacions sobre la introducció del valencià a l'ensenyament

L'article dóna a conéixer algunes de les principals conclusions a què arribaren els diferents treballs i que vénen a coincidir amb les idees de Cummins i d'altres autors pel que fa als avantatges dels Programes d'Educació Bilingüe. S'apunten línies a tindre en compte a l'hora d'investigar al voltant del disseny i duta a terme de Programes d'Educació Trilingüe per als centres d'Educació Primària i Secundària. Així mateix es presenta la revisió dels estudis i investigacions, sobre la introducció del valencià a l'ensenyament realitzats a la Comunitat Valenciana, des de la implantació de la Llei d'Ús i Ensenyament del Valencià, fi ns a l'any 2008. També es descriu quina és la situació del nivell de coneixement del valencià i les actituds que mostren els jóvens envers l'idioma propi dels valencians. I apareix una coincidència en tots els estudis pel que fa a què sols els programes d'educació bilingüe són vàlids per a assolir l'objectiu d'un aprenentatge de les dos llengües ofi cials de la Comunitat Valenciana

Redes de publicaciones científicas : un análisis de la estructura de coautorías

Probablemente, uno de los factores que favorecen el análisis de redes científicas a partir del recuento de citas, reside en la relativa facilidad del acceso a datos que permiten los diferentes "Citation Index" en sus versiones informatizadas, mientras que la elaboración de otros índices requiere una gran cantidad de tiempo y esfuerzo. En nuestro caso, hemos desarrollado un procedimiento que permite identificar fácilmente la estructura de coautorías en base a las publicaciones conjuntas de los autores. Este procedimiento se ha aplicado a un matemático, un médico oncólogo y un biólogo molecular. En los tres casos se han analizado sus respectivas estructuras de coautorías y se han contrastado los resultados con cada uno de ellos

QQ-onia package: a numerical solution to the Schrodinger radial equation for heavy quarkonium

This paper presents the basics of the QQ-onia package, a software based upon the Numerov method which can be used to solve the Schrodinger radial equation using a suitable potential V(r) for the heavy quarkonium system. This package also allows the analysis of relevant properties of those resonances such as the wave functions at the origin, their corresponding derivatives for l \neq 0 states, typical heavy quark velocities, and mean square radii. Besides, it includes a tool to analize the spin-dependent contributions to the heavy quarkonia spectrum, providing the hyperfine splittings, as well as the nPJ energy levels. Finally, a simple software implemented in QQ-onia to compute E1 transition rates is presented.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures, a new section on spin-dependent terms in the potential has been adde

The Importance of Creative Industry Agglomerations in Explaining the Wealth of European Regions

This paper examines the existence of regional agglomerations of manufacturing, service and creative industries, the relationship between these industries and the wealth of regions and their industrial structure. Through an analysis of 250 European regions, three important conclusions can be inferred from the results obtained in this paper. The first is that creative industries play an important role in the wealth of a region. The second is that the most creative regions are characterized by having more high-tech manufacturing industries than the rest of the regions although the number of low-tech manufacturing firms is similar. Lastly, the industrial structure of each region has a greater influence on regional wealth than the existence of industrial agglomerations. The importance of this paper resides in the fact that up until now no analysis has demonstrated that creative industries are the most important industries in regional wealth.

Enhanced thermionic currents by non equilibrium electron population of metals

An analytical expression is derived for the electron thermionic current from heated metals by using a non equilibrium, modified Kappa energy distribution for electrons. This isotropic distribution characterizes the long high energy tails in the electron energy spectrum for low values of the index ? and also accounts for the Fermi energy for the metal electrons. The limit for large ? recovers the classical equilibrium Fermi-Dirac distribution. The predicted electron thermionic current for low ? increases between four and five orders of magnitude with respect to the predictions of the equilibrium Richardson-Dushmann current. The observed departures from this classical expression, also recovered for large ?, would correspond to moderate values of this index. The strong increments predicted by the thermionic emission currents suggest that, under appropriate conditions, materials with non equilibrium electron populations would become more efficient electron emitters at low temperatures

Optimización energética de una empresa de producción de envases de vidrio para alimentación

[ES] En el presente documento se describe el proceso de optimización energética llevado a cabo para la empresa Crisdrio de Caudete. La empresa Crisdrio es una empresa especializada en la producción de envases de vidrio para alimentación, principalmente botellas y tarros. En primer lugar, se evaluaron los diferentes consumos energéticos. Seguidamente se ha estudiado el proceso de producción y las diferentes etapas del mismo. El análisis realizado ha posibilitado la propuesta de una serie de medidas de mejora energética que se detallan adecuadamente en el presente documento.[CA] En el present document es descriu el procés d'optimització energètica dut a terme per a l'empresa Crisdrio de Caudete. L'empresa Crisdrio és una empresa especialitzada en la producció d'envasos de vidre per a alimentació, principalment botelles i pots. En primer lloc, es van avaluar els diferents consums energètics. A continuació s'ha estudiat el procés de producció i les diferents etapes del mateix. L'anàlisi realitzat ha possibilitat la proposta d'una sèrie de mesures de millora energètica que es detallen adequadament en el present document.[EN] This current document describes a process of energetic optimization made to the company Crisdrio of Caudete. Crisdrio is a company which produces feeding glass containers, specifically pots and bottles. Firstly, different energetic consumptions were evaluated. Then, the process of production and its different stages were revised. As a consequence of the energetic analysis, some proposal of energetic improvements that are described correctly were suggested.Carrión Domenech, LE. (2016). Optimización energética de una empresa de producción de envases de vidrio para alimentación. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68277.TFG

THE HIGH RESOLUTION VIBRATION-ROTATION SPECTRUM OF SiH+

Silicon bearing molecules account for $sim$~10% of the identified molecules in space. Among those containg hydrogen, SiH and SiH$_4$ have been identified in the solar spectrum, in some cold stars, and SiH$_4$ in IRC+1026. However the simple SiH$^+$ cation (silylidinium) has only been observed in the solar photosphere and it remains undetected in interstellar space. Most of the spectroscopic information on SiH$^+$ comes from the analisis of its vis-UV spectrumfootnote{A. E. Douglas & B. Lutz, Can. J. Phys. 48 (1970) 247}$^,$footnote{T. Carlson et al. Astron. & Astrophys. 83 (1980) 238}, and from a diode laser spectrum combined with velocity modulation of the v=1-0 bandfootnote{P. B. Davies, P. M. Martineau, J. Chem. Phys. 88 (1985) 485}. The latter contained just eight lines measured with an estimated accuracy of 0.001 wn. We present the results obtained with a difference frequency laser spectrometer coupled to a hollow cathode discharge, with an increased number of lines and improved accuracy ($1times 10^{-4}$ wn), allowing for an accurate prediction of the pure rotational transitions. These will be searched for in the Cologne Center for Terahertz Spectroscopy (CCTS). These data will be of use in future searches for this molecule in different astronomical environments

Creative clusters in Europe: a microdata approach

Creative industries are highly concentrated forming clusters. One of the main problems for the identification of clusters of creative industries in Europe is the lack of data, constrained in practice to regions (NUTS 2) and influenced by the heterogeneity in the definition of NUTS across countries. This research uses firm-level data geo-referenced at address level and geostatistical modeling to identify clusters of creative industries in fifteen European countries. The procedure is independent of administrative divisions and national boundaries and allows to produce a precise geography of the clusters of creative industries in Europe.