Religiosity as a Moderator of Infidelity in Dark Triad Women

Personality is a major determinant of behavior. The Dark Triad is a cluster of personality traits-- psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism-- commonly associated with callousness, manipulation, and anti-social behavior. In the realm of relationships, Dark Triad traits have been shown to predict a host of destabilizing behaviors, including infidelity. Infidelity has negative psychological impacts on those involved, with research citing infidelity as a precursor to major depressive episodes for some individuals. High levels of religiosity, on the other hand, predict negative attitudes toward infidelity and fewer instances of cheating overall. The present study investigated whether levels of religiosity moderate infidelity intentions and behaviors in Dark Triad women. An online survey was distributed through varying social groups at different Midwestern universities, collecting data pertaining to participants’ demographics, sociosexuality, infidelity attitudes and behaviors, religiosity, and the Dark Triad traits. Quantitative analysis revealed no significant correlations between Dark Triad personality and infidelity. Dark Triad personality was significantly and positively correlated with sociosexuality, but infidelity did not correlate significantly with sociosexuality. In the absence of the expected link between Dark Triad and infidelity, the moderation question was rendered moot. Results from qualitative analysis suggest a difference in reasoning between those participants who did and did not commit infidelity. Participants who have not cheated provided mostly intrinsic reasons such as love, faith, and trust, while participants who have cheated provided extrinsic reasons such as revenge to explain their behavio

Petrology and geochemistry of the NWA 3368 Eucrite

We report the petrology and geochemistry of NWA 3368, a new non-cumulate, monomict eucrite breccia with a variety of clast sizes and a pink-tinted matrix. Analytical techniques include electron microprobe, INAA, and ICP-MS

Experimental constraints on CO2 and H2O in the Martian mantle and primary magmas

We present new data on the stability of hornblende in a Martian mantle composition, on CO2 solubility in iron-rich basaltic magmas, and on the solubility of H2O in an alkalic basaltic magma. These new data are combined with a summary of data from the literature to present a summary of the current state of our estimates of solubilities of H2O and CO2 in probable Martian magmas and the stability of hornblende in a slightly hydrous mantle. The new results suggest that hornblende stability is not sensitive to the Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio (mg#) of the mantle, that is the results for terrestrial mantle compositions are similar to the more iron-rich Martian composition. Likewise, CO2 solubility in iron-rich tholeiitic basaltic magmas is similar to iron-poor terrestrial compositions. The solubility of H2O has been measured in an alkalic basaltic (basanite) composition for the first time, and it is significantly lower than predicted for models of water solubility in magmas. The lack of mg# dependence observed in hornblende stability and on CO2 solubility that in many cases terrestrial results can be applied to Martian compositions. This conclusion does not apply to other phenomena such as primary magma compositions and major mantle mineral mineralogy

Chondrules and Opaque Phases in Unequilibrated R Chondrites: A Comprehensive Assessment of Their Formation

Equilibrated Rumuruti (R) chondrites record an oxygen fugacity between 0 and 3.5 log units below the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer, and a sulfur fugacity (fS2) 2 log units above the iron-troilite buffer. They are more than an order of magnitude more oxidized than the ordinary chondrites [1], and orders of magnitude more sulfidized than solar values. Although the R chondrites have the highest (delta)O-17 value of any meteorites, analyses of unequilibrated R chondrites indicate chondrule formation in an oxygen isotope reservoir similar to that of the ordinary chondrite chondrules. We present the relationship of the R chondrite parent body to pre-accretionary volatiles O and S based on our analyses of unequilibrated R chondrite material in two thin sections from the meteorite Mount Prestrud (PRE) 95404

Transient Cenozoic tectonic stages in the southern margin of the Caribbean plate : U-Th/He thermochronological constraints from Eocene plutonic rocks in the Santa Marta massif and Serranía de Jarara, northern Colombia

We use U-Th/(He) zircon and apatite thermochronology and Al in hornblende geobarometry from Eocene granitoids of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Guajira uplifted massifs in northern Colombia to elucidate the exhumation history of the northern South America continental margin and its bearing to Cenozoic Caribbean- South American plate interactions. Aluminium in hornblende geobarometry from the Eocene Santa Marta batholith yields pressures between 4.9±0.6kbar and 6.4±0.6kbar, which indicate that at least, 14.7-19.2km of unroofing took place since 56-50Ma in the northwestern Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In the Guajira Peninsula, calculated pressures for the Eocene Parashi stock are 2.3±0.6kbar and 3±0.6kbar. Stratigraphic considerations pertaining to Oligocene conglomerates from the Guajira area suggest that 6.9-9km of crust was lost between 50Ma and ca. 26Ma. U-Th/He zircon and apatite thermochronology from granitoids in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta shows the existence of major exhumation events in the Late Eocene (ca. 45-40Ma), Late Oligocene (ca. 25Ma) and Miocene (ca. 15Ma). The Guajira region records the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene (35-25Ma) event, but it lacks evidence for the Miocene exhumation phase. These differences reflect isolation of the Guajira region from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Andean chain due to extensive block rotation and transtensional tectonics that affected the region during post-Eocene times. The post-Eocene events correlate in time with an increased convergence rate and the frontal approach of North and South America. It is suggested that the two major tectonic mechanisms that govern exhumation in these Caribbean massifs are: 1) subduction of the Caribbean plate, and 2) post Eocene changes in plate convergence obliquity and rates that caused the South American continental margin blocks to override the Caribbean plate. Temporal correlation with other Caribbean and Northern Andean events allows to resolve the regional Cenozoic plate tectonic reorganizations experienced by the South American, Caribbean and Pacific plates at a regional scale

Ecosystem-bedrock interaction changes nutrient compartmentalization during early oxidative weathering

Ecosystem-bedrock interactions power the biogeochemical cycles of Earth's shallow crust, supporting life, stimulating substrate transformation, and spurring evolutionary innovation. While oxidative processes have dominated half of terrestrial history, the relative contribution of the biosphere and its chemical fingerprints on Earth's developing regolith are still poorly constrained. Here, we report results from a two-year incipient weathering experiment. We found that the mass release and compartmentalization of major elements during weathering of granite, rhyolite, schist and basalt was rock-specific and regulated by ecosystem components. A tight interplay between physiological needs of different biota, mineral dissolution rates, and substrate nutrient availability resulted in intricate elemental distribution patterns. Biota accelerated CO2 mineralization over abiotic controls as ecosystem complexity increased, and significantly modified stoichiometry of mobilized elements. Microbial and fungal components inhibited element leaching (23.4% and 7%), while plants increased leaching and biomass retention by 63.4%. All biota left comparable biosignatures in the dissolved weathering products. Nevertheless, the magnitude and allocation of weathered fractions under abiotic and biotic treatments provide quantitative evidence for the role of major biosphere components in the evolution of upper continental crust, presenting critical information for large-scale biogeochemical models and for the search for stable in situ biosignatures beyond Earth.Comment: 41 pages (MS, SI and Data), 16 figures (MS and SI), 6 tables (SI and Data). Journal article manuscrip

Petrography, stable isotope compositions, microRaman spectroscopy, and presolar components of Roberts Massif 04133: A reduced CV3 carbonaceous chrondrite

Here, we report the mineralogy, petrography, C-N-O-stable isotope compositions, degree of disorder of organic matter, and abundances of presolar components of the chondrite Roberts Massif (RBT) 04133 using a coordinated, multitechnique approach. The results of this study are inconsistent with its initial classification as a Renazzo-like carbonaceous chondrite, and strongly support RBT 04133 being a brecciated, reduced petrologic type \u3e3.3 Vigarano-like carbonaceous (CV) chondrite. RBT 04133 shows no evidence for aqueous alteration. However, it is mildly thermally altered (up to approximately 440 °C); which is apparent in its whole-rock C and N isotopic compositions, the degree of disorder of C in insoluble organic matter, low presolar grain abundances, minor element compositions of Fe,Ni metal, chromite compositions and morphologies, and the presence of unequilibrated silicates. Sulfides within type I chondrules from RBT 04133 appear to be pre-accretionary (i.e., did not form via aqueous alteration), providing further evidence that some sulfide minerals formed prior to accretion of the CV chondrite parent body. The thin section studied contains two reduced CV3 lithologies, one of which appears to be more thermally metamorphosed, indicating that RBT 04133, like several other CV chondrites, is a breccia and thus experienced impact processing. Linear foliation of chondrules was not observed implying that RBT 04133 did not experience high velocity impacts that could lead to extensive thermal metamorphism. Presolar silicates are still present in RBT 04133, although presolar SiC grain abundances are very low, indicating that the progressive destruction or modification of presolar SiC grains begins before presolar silicate grains are completely unidentifiable

Nitrogen geochemistry of subducting sediments: new results from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana margin and insights regarding global nitrogen subduction

[1] Toward understanding of the subduction mass balance in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) convergent margin, we present an inventory of N and C concentrations and isotopic compositions in sediments obtained on Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Legs 129 and 185. Samples from Sites 1149, 800, 801, and 802 contain 5 to 661 ppm total N (organic, inorganic combined) with δ15NAir of −0.2 to +8.2‰ (all δ15N values <+2.5‰ from Site 800). At Site 1149, N content is higher in clay-rich layers and lower in chert and carbonate layers, and δ15N shows a distinct down-section decrease from 0 to 120 mbsf (near +8.0 at shallow levels to near +4.0‰). Reduced-C concentration ranges from 0.02 to 0.5 wt.%, with δ13CVPDB of −28.1 to −21.7‰. The down-section decreases in δ15N and N concentration (and variations in concentrations and δ13C of reduced C, and Creduced/N) at Site 1149 could help reconcile differences between δ15N values of modern deep-sea sediments from near the sediment-water interface and values for forearc metasedimentary rocks. At Site 1149, negative shifts in δ15N, from marine organic values (up to ∼+8‰) toward lower values approaching those for the metasedimentary rocks (+1 to +3‰), are most likely caused by complex diagenetic processes, conceivably with minor effects of changes in productivity and differing proportions of marine and terrestrial organic matter. However, the forearc metamorphic suites (e.g., Franciscan Complex) are known to have been deposited nearer continents, and their lower δ15N at least partly reflects larger proportions of lower-δ15N terrestrial organic matter. Subduction at the Izu-Bonin (IB) margin, of a sediment section like that at Site 1149, would deliver an approximate annual subduction flux of 2.5 × 106 g of N and 1.4 × 107 g of reduced C per linear kilometer of trench, with average δ15N of +5.0‰ and δ13C of −24‰. Incorporating the larger C flux of 9.2 × 108 g/yr/linear-km in carbonate-rich layers of 1149B (average δ13C = +2.3‰) provides a total C flux of 9.3 × 108 g/yr/linear-km (δ13C = +1.9‰). Once subducted, sediments are shifted to higher δ15N by N loss during devolatilization, with magnitudes of the shifts depending on the thermal evolution of the margin

Heat capacity and phase equilibria of hollandite polymorph of KAlSi 3 O 8

The low-temperature heat capacity ( C p ) of KAlSi 3 O 8 with a hollandite structure was measured over the range of 5–303 K with a physical properties measurement system. The standard entropy of KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite is 166.2±0.2 J mol −1  K −1 , including an 18.7 J mol −1  K −1 contribution from the configurational entropy due to disorder of Al and Si in the octahedral sites. The entropy of K 2 Si 4 O 9 with a wadeite structure (Si-wadeite) was also estimated to facilitate calculation of phase equilibria in the system K 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 . The calculated phase equilibria obtained using Perple_x are in general agreement with experimental studies. Calculated phase relations in the system K 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 confirm a substantial stability field for kyanite–stishovite/coesite–Si-wadeite intervening between KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite and sanidine. The upper stability of kyanite is bounded by the reaction kyanite (Al 2 SiO 5 ) = corundum (Al 2 O 3 )  + stishovite (SiO 2 ), which is located at 13–14 GPa for 1,100–1,400 K. The entropy and enthalpy of formation for K-cymrite (KAlSi 3 O 8 ·H 2 O) were modified to better fit global best-fit compilations of thermodynamic data and experimental studies. Thermodynamic calculations were undertaken on the reaction of K-cymrite to KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite +  H 2 O, which is located at 8.3–10.0 GPa for the temperature range 800–1,600 K, well inside the stability field of stishovite. The reaction of muscovite to KAlSi 3 O 8 hollandite + corundum + H 2 O is placed at 10.0–10.6 GPa for the temperature range 900–1,500 K, in reasonable agreement with some but not all experiments on this reaction.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46910/1/269_2006_Article_63.pd

The effect of the organophosphate pesticide, malathion, on the temperature selection response of the common shiner, Notropis cornutus (Mitchill)

Includes bibliographical references.Includes illustrations.Warm- (17 C) and cold-acclimated (8 C) young of the year, 1-year-old and 2-year-old common shiners, Notropis cornutus (Mitchill) were exposed for 24 hr to sublethal doses (1.0, 0.25 and 0.05 ppb) of the organophosphate pesticide, malathion, in an effort to determine what effect environmental concentrations of an organophosphate pesticide would have on temperature selection. All three factors studied (acclimation temperature, age and concentration) were found to affect the temperature selection response of malathion-treated N. cornutus. Malathion produced dose-dependent downward shifts in selected temperature (range of 1.91 to 4.30 C below controls) in 17 C acclimated fish but not in 8 C acclimated fish. Two-year-olds treated with 1.0 ppb displayed the greatest lowering of selected temperature followed by two-year-olds treated with 0.25 ppb. One-year-olds treated with 1.0 ppb showed a slight lowering, while no downward shifts in selected temperature were found for young of the year. Treatment with 0.05 ppb had no effect on any age group. Two-year-olds acclimated to 17 C and exposed to 1.0 ppb malathion for 24 hr were placed in clean water and allowed a recovery period. It was found that the malathion induced lowering of the selected temperature returned to control level in 24 hr.M.S. (Master of Science