Efecto de diferentes intervenciones de ejercicio físico agudo sobre niveles plasmáticos de BDNF, NT-3 Y NT-4 en adultos con sobrepeso

En los últimos años, con creciente interés, se ha establecido que la práctica de ejercicio físico conlleva múltiples beneficios funcionales en el sistema nervioso (SN) gracias a su probable influencia sobre la expresión y regulación de factores proteicos neurotróficos y el desencadenamiento de procesos de neuroplasticidad, pero los mecanismos relacionados con estos planteamientos aún no han sido plenamente dilucidados. Se ha atribuido a los factores neurotróficos o neurotrofinas (NTs) múltiples funciones en el SN, por lo que su regulación se ha relacionado con la ocurrencia de neurodegeneración y procesos de neuroprotección en el tejido nervioso. Paradigmas investigativos actuales plantean que factores relacionados con el estilo de vida como el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la inactividad física son condiciones predisponentes a la neurodegeneración del tejido nervioso, planteando de esta manera inquietudes acerca del papel que la práctica de ejercicio físico podría jugar en procesos de neuroprotección mediada por mecanismos de secreción de NTs. Por otra parte, la introducción de metodologías basadas en nanotecnología para la cuantificación de factores proteicos locales y sistémicos en el SN, favorece la ampliación de esta área del conocimiento, estableciéndose como tecnologías con alta sensibilidad y especificidad que minimizan limitaciones de las técnicas convencionales y facilitan procesos de valoración del SN.Abstract: In recent years, with increasing interest, it has been established that the practice of physical exercise carries multiple functional benefits in the nervous system (NS) due to its likely influence on the expression and regulation of neurotrophic protein factors and the triggering of neuroplasticity processes but the mechanisms related to these approaches have not yet been fully elucidated. Neurotrophic factors or neurotrophins (NTs) have been attributed to multiple functions in the NS, so their regulation has been linked to the occurrence of neurodegeneration and neuroprotection processes in nerve tissue. Current research paradigms suggest that lifestyle factors such as overweight, obesity and physical inactivity are predisposing conditions to neurodegeneration of nervous tissue, thus raising concerns about the role that physical exercise could play in processes Of neuroprotection mediated by NTs secretion mechanisms. On the other hand, the introduction of methodologies based on nanotechnology for the quantification of local and systemic protein factors in the SN, favors the expansion of this area of knowledge, being established as technologies with high sensitivity and specificity that minimize limitations of the conventional techniques and facilitate processes of SN assessment.Maestrí

Deficiencias en la prestación del servicio de energía eléctrica en la ciudad de Cartagena: Análisis de la situación del barrio San Pedro Mártir

The public electric power service in the city of Cartagena is provided by ELECTRICARIBE S.A, and it is precisely the one that currently presents the greatest number of irregularities and deficiencies, culminating in the decision to liquidate the provider company in March of this year. These deficiencies caused that during the years 2015 and 2016 it was felt that the relations between the citizens of Cartagena and the company that was providing them were about to explode, materializing in different protests in the geography of the city, among which the situation of the neighborhood stands out San Pedro Martir, a community that became one of the cases of intervention by the Legal Clinic.El servicio público de energía eléctrica en la ciudad de Cartagena es prestado por ELECTRICARIBE S.A, y es precisamente el que actualmente presenta mayor número de irregularidades y deficiencias, que culminaron en la decisión de liquidar la empresa prestadora en marzo de este año. Estas deficiencias hicieron que durante los años 2015 y 2016 se sintiera que las relaciones entre la ciudadanía cartagenera y la empresa prestadora estuvieran a punto de estallar, materializándose en distintas protestas en la geografía de la ciudad, entre las que se destaca la situación del barrio San Pedro Mártir, comunidad que se convirtió en uno de los casos de intervención por parte de la Clínica Jurídica

Deficiencies in the provision of energy service.

El servicio público de energía eléctrica en la ciudad de Cartagena es prestado por ELECTRICARIBE S.A, y es precisamente el que actualmente presenta mayor número de irregularidades y deficiencias, que culminaron en la decisión de liquidar la empresa prestadora en marzo de este año. Estas deficiencias hicieron que durante los años 2015 y 2016 se sintiera que las relaciones entre la ciudadanía cartagenera y la empresa prestadora estuvieran a punto de estallar, materializándose en distintas protestas en la geografía de la ciudad, entre las que se destaca la situación del barrio San Pedro Mártir, comunidad que se convirtió en uno de los casos de intervención por parte de la Clínica JurídicaThe public electric power service in the city of Cartagena is provided by ELECTRICARIBE S.A, and it is precisely the one that currently presents the greatest number of irregularities and deficiencies, culminating in the decision to liquidate the provider company in March of this year. These deficiencies caused that during the years 2015 and 2016 it was felt that the relations between the citizens of Cartagena and the company that was providing them were about to explode, materializing in different protests in the geography of the city, among which the situation of the neighborhood stands out San Pedro Martir, a community that became one of the cases of intervention by the Legal Clinic

Solar Volumetric Receiver Coupled to a Parabolic Dish: Heat Transfer and Thermal Efficiency Analysis

[EN]Concentrated Solar Power plants are commonly recognized as one of the most attractive options within carbon free power generation technologies because their high efficiency and also because implementation of hybridization and/or storage is feasible. In this work a small-scale system focused on distributed production, in the range of kWe (5kWe to 30kWe), is modeled. A parabolic dish collects direct solar power towards a receiver located at its focus. There, the heat transfer fluid increases its temperature for thermal storage or for directly producing electricity at the power block. Thus, this is a crucial component in CSP systems since it greatly influences global efficiency. There is a trade-off in the energy balance within the thermal receiver, since the higher the temperatures it achieves, the higher the radiation losses could be. In this work, a heat transfer analysis for an air volumetric receiver coupled to a parabolic dish is carried out. The solar receiver is modeled under steady-state conditions using a detailed set of equations. The model considers the main losses by convection, conduction and radiation at the glass window and the surrounding insulator. The temperatures and heat transfers along the different receiver zones are computed with a built from scratch in-house code programmed in Mathematica®. The thermal efficiency mainly depends on the incoming solar irradiance at the glass window, the receiver geometry and the type of materials considered, as well as on the ambient temperature. It is expected that this model (precise but not too expensive from the computational viewpoint) could help to identify the main bottlenecks

Modeling a solar pressurized volumetric receiver integrated in a parabolic dish: Off-design heat transfers, temperatures, and efficiencies

[EN]Concentrated solar power plants are commonly recognized as one of the most attractive options within carbonfree power generation technologies because of their high efficiency and feasible hybridization and/or storage implementation. In this work, a complete heat transfer analysis for an air volumetric receiver coupled to a parabolic dish focused on distributed generation (in the range of kWe) is carried out. It includes most relevant heat losses. Dish collector optical efficiency is computed by means of a ray-tracing software while the thermal performance of the solar receiver is modeled under steady-state conditions using a comprehensive set of equations with a clear physical origin and meaning. Detailed information on the temperatures and heat transfers along the different inner and outer receiver zones are computed with a built from scratch inhouse code programmed in Mathematica®. The model considers the main losses from convection, conduction and radiation and through the surrounding insulator. The resulting thermal efficiency mainly depends on the incoming solar irradiance at the glass window, the receiver geometry and the type of materials considered, as well as on the ambient temperature. Explicit numerical results are given at two locations under different meteorological conditions. Optical efficiencies reach values of about 84%. For irradiance values around 800– 900 W/m2, at the receiver outlet, air can reach temperatures of about 1200 K and receiver thermal efficiency is over 80%. It is expected that this model (precise but not too expensive from the computational viewpoint) could help to identify the main efficiency bottlenecks, paving the way for optimization when designing this type of concentrated solar plants through further coupling with a power block, as Brayton or other cycles

Analysis of the Cantabrian coast retreat around Peñas Cape (Asturias, N Spain)

ABSTARCT: In this work, the cliffs of a 36.9 km coast section in the surroundings of Peñas Cape (Gozón, Asturias, N Spain) are characterized.The objective is to understand the geomorphological processes that act in this area and to quantify the retreat of the cliffs. A 1:5000 geomorphological map has been developed based on field data and photointerpretation of PNOA photographs (years 2006 and 2017), as well as Google Earth and Iberpix imagery. The information has been managed through a Geographic Information System that has allowed the development and analysis of digital terrain models of slope, orientation and curvature. The obtained results show that: 1)in the surroundings of Peñas Cape, gravity processes predominate, in particular, rockfall, topples, flows and landslides; 2) the steepest cliffs facing west are those suffering the greatest erosion, developing the largest instabilities and 3) the average retreat rate obtained for the period 2006-2017, at certain points of this section of coast is 0.57 m/year, reaching rates up to 1.22 and 2.19 m/year in the surroundings of Candás and Luanco, respectively.RESUMEN: En este trabajo se caracterizan los acantilados de un tramo de costa de 36,9 km en el entorno del Cabo Peñas (Gozón, Asturias, norte de España), con el objetivo de entender qué procesos geomorfológicos actúan en esta zona y cuantificar el retroceso de los acantilados. Se ha elaborado una cartografía geomorfológica a escala 1:5000 a partir de datos de campo y fotointerpretación de fotogramas PNOA de 2006 y 2017, así como imágenes de Google Earth e Iberpix. Todo ello se ha gestionado mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica que ha permitido elaborar y analizar modelos digitales de pendiente, orientación y curvatura. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que: 1) en el entorno del Cabo Peñas, predominan los procesos de gravedad, en concreto, desprendimientos, vuelcos, flujos y deslizamientos; 2) los acantilados de mayor pendiente y orientados al oeste son los que están sometidos a una mayor erosión y desarrollan inestabilidades de mayores dimensiones y 3) la tasa de retroceso media obtenida para el período 2006-2017, en determinados puntos de este tramo de costa es de 0,57 m/año, llegando a valores máximos de 1,22 y 2,19 m/año en el entorno de Candás y Luanco, respectivamente

Pubertal stage, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia: The cross-sectional fuprecol study

This study explored the association between pubertal stage and anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2877 Colombian children and adolescents (9–17.9 years of age). Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A biochemical study was performed to determine the cardiometabolic risk index (CMRI). Blood pressure was evaluated and pubertal stage was assessed with the Tanner criteria. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. The most significant variable (p less than 0.05) in the prognosis of cardiometabolic risk was found to be the BMI in both boys and girls. In the case of girls, the pubertal stage was also a CMRI predictive factor. In conclusion, BMI was an important indicator of cardiovascular risk in both sexes. Pubertal stage was associated with cardiovascular risk only in the girls. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Hemorragia anteparto asociada a placenta succenturiata. Reporte de un caso.

Introduction: placenta succenturiata is a morphological abnormality of the placenta that can result in significant morbidity and mortality for both the fetus and the mother. Aim to describe a clinical case of antepartum hemorrhage associated with placenta succenturiata. Materials and methods: a retrospective descriptive study, clinical case presentation, informed consent of the patient to have access to the clinical history and use of images corresponding to the present investigation. Clinical case: the case of a pregnant woman of 33 weeks, who enters the emergency area, with hemorrhage of the third trimester, was observed in the ultrasound, presence of a lobe that reaches the level of the internal cervical orifice, being confused with placenta previa, patient was stable and under observation, with continuous fetal monitoring, until complete lung maturation was obtained, later I present pain and bleeding before delivery so it was operated surgically by cesarean operation where the presence of succenturiado lobe in the placenta is confirmed. Both developments were favourable. Discussion: The present article demonstrates, a rare variety of placental malformation that causes multiple complications and belongs to the differential of other pathologies that cause third trimester bleeding, being associated with placenta previa, so, we must keep in mind the placenta succenturiata as a cause of bleeding in the third trimester, also take into account that in the postpartum period is cause of retention of a placental portion and can cause bleeding or infection. Conclusions: The placenta succenturiata is an abnormality of rare presentation, which is part of the differential diagnosis of haemorrhages before delivery and must be diagnosed in the prenatal period, so that prenatal control and care of the birth can be performed properly, in addition to giving guidance to the patient and her family. Caesarean delivery is recommended in these cases, with surgical approach and type of incision of choice, according to comorbidities and clinical status of the patient.Introducción: La placenta succenturiata es una anomalía morfológica de la placenta que puede resultar en morbilidad y mortalidad significativas tanto para el feto como para la madre. Objetivo: describir un caso clínico de hemorragia anteparto asociado a placenta succenturiata.   Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico, se obtuvo consentimiento informado  de  paciente para tener acceso a la historia clínica y uso de imágenes correspondientes a la presente investigación. Caso clínico:  se presenta el caso de una gestante de 33 semanas, que ingresa al area de emergencias, con hemorragia del tercer trimestre, en la ecografía se observó,  presencia de un  lóbulo que alcanza el  nivel del orificio cervical interno, confundiéndose con placenta previa,  paciente se encontraba  estable y en observación, con monitorización fetal continua,  hasta obtener maduración pulmonar completa, posteriormente presento dolor y sangrado ante parto por lo que fue intervenida quirúrgicamente mediante operación cesárea donde se constata la presencia de lóbulo succenturiado en placenta. La evolución de ambos fue favorable. Discusión: El presente artículo demuestra,  una rara variedad de malformación placentaria que provoca múltiples complicaciones y pertenece al diferencial de otras patologías que provocan hemorragia del tercer trimestre, pudiendo estar asociadas con placenta previa, por lo que,  hay que tener presente la placenta succenturiata como una causa de hemorragia del tercer trimestre, además tener en consideración que en el periodo postparto  es causa de retención de una porción placentaria y  puede ocasionar hemorragia o infección. Conclusiones: La placenta succenturiata es una anomalía de rara presentación, que forma parte del diagnóstico diferencial de las hemorragias ante parto y que debe ser diagnosticada en el periodo prenatal, para poder así, realizar un control prenatal y atención del parto de forma adecuada, además de dar una orientación a la paciente y su familia. Se recomienda en estos casos el parto por cesárea, con abordaje quirúrgico y tipo de incisión a elección, de acuerdo a comorbilidades y estado clínico de paciente

CD69 expression on regulatory T cells protects from immune damage after myocardial infarction.

Increasing evidences advocate for an important function of T cells in controlling immune homeostasis and pathogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a broad analysis of immune markers in 283 patients revealed a significant CD69 overexpression on Treg cells after MI. Our results in mice showed that CD69 expression on Treg cells increased survival after left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD)-ligation. Cd69-/- mice developed strong IL-17+ γδT cell responses after ischemia that increased myocardial inflammation and, consequently, worsened cardiac function. CD69+ Treg cells, by induction of AhR-dependent CD39 ectonucleotidase activity, induced apoptosis and decreased IL-17A production in γδT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD69+ Treg cells to Cd69-/- mice after LAD-ligation reduced IL-17+ γδT cell recruitment, thus increasing survival. Consistently, clinical data from two independent cohorts of patients indicated that increased CD69 expression in peripheral blood cells after acute MI was associated with a lower risk of re-hospitalization for heart failure (HF) after 2.5 years of follow-up. This result remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and traditional cardiac damage biomarkers. Our data highlight CD69 expression on Treg cells as a potential prognostic factor and a therapeutic option to prevent HF after MI.This study was supported by competitive grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN), through the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI22/01759) to P.M.; RTI2018-094727-B-100 to J. M-G; Comunidad de Madrid grants S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM to P.M. and FSM.; Fundació La Marató TV3 (20152330 31) to J.M-G and F.S-M.; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) RTI2018-099357-B-I00, and CIBERFES (CB16/10/00282), Human Frontier Science Program (grant RGP0016/2018), and Leducq Transatlantic Networks (17CVD04) to JAE. AC is supported by Marie Skłodowska- Curie grant (agreement No. 713673). R.B-D. is supported by Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU16/02780) program from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the MCIN and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).S