Typification of names of Clusiaceae based on material collected by August Weberbauer in Peru

August Weberbauer was a German botanist who worked for most of his life in Peru. Many species have been described based on specimens collected by him, which were mainly deposited in the Berlin herbarium (B). After the bombing of the Berlin herbarium during World War II, it was assumed that most of these types had been destroyed, duplicates rarely existed and neotypes had to be designated. However, during visits to Peruvian herbaria we rediscovered some overlooked duplicates of specimens of Clusiaceae. In the present paper, we designate lectotypes of ten names based on these Weberbauer collections and report additional duplicates found in the herbarium G. Some former incorrect typifications are corrected, and the problem of destroyed types in herbarium B, often known mainly from photos made by J. F. Macbride, is briefly discussed.492193196CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP311744/2017-62012/51781-0; 2012/15542-

New hopane triterpene from Eleocharis sellowiana (Cyperaceae)

A new triterpene named 3alpha-hydroxy-13alpha,17alpha,21beta-hopan-15,19-dione and E-phytyl hexadecanoate were isolated from the hexanic extract of Eleocharis sellowiana. NMR and MS experiments determined the molecular structures.Do extrato hexânico de Eleocharis sellowiana foram isolados o novo triterpeno 3alfa-hidroxi-13alfa,17alfa,21beta-hopano-15,19-diona e hexadecanoato de E-fitila, caracterizados por dados de RMN e EM.803806Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Можливості оптимізації терапії апендикулярних інфільтратів

Актуальність. Гострий апендицит – інфекційно-запальне захворювання хробакоподібного відростка, якє має найбільшу питому вагу в ургентній хірургії. Актуальність проблеми лікування хворих з гострим апендицитом зумовлена значною частотою ускладнень, яка сягає 9,9–21%. Одним із поширених і загрозливих поміж них залишається апендикулярний інфільтрат. Частота останнього за даними різних авторів знаходиться у межах 0,2–5,8 %. З огляду на те що кількість хворих на гострий апендицит на теренах України протягом року залишається відносно стабільною і складає 12–15 тис. чоловік, актуальність проблеми є очевидною. Оперативне лікування таких хворих у більшості випадках не застосовується, а консервативне, основу якого складає антибіотикотерапія, буває тривалим і не завжди ефективним, проте завжди дороговартісним, що обґрунтовує потребу пошуків нових і більш ефективних методів. Мета. Вивчити можливості антибіотикотерапії шляхом лімфотропних технологій

Abietane diterpenes from Sagittaria montevidensis ssp montevidensis Charm. & Schltdl

Two new abietane-type diterpenes, 3beta-hydroxy-9alpha, 13alpha-epidioxyabiet-8(14)-ene (1) and 3-oxo-9alpha,13alpha-epidioxyabiet-8(14)-ene (2), were isolated from the methanolic crude extract of the petioles of Sagittaria montevidensis ssp montevidensis (Alismataceae). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of spectrometric analyses including HREIMS, IR as well as ¹H and 13C 1 and 2D NMR.Dois novos diterpenos do tipo abietano 3beta-hidroxi-9alfa, 13alfa-epidioxiabiet-8(14)-eno (1) e 3-oxo-9alfa,13alfa-epidioxiabiet-8(14)-eno (2) foram isolados do extrato bruto metanólico dos pecíolos de Sagittaria montevidensis ssp montevidensis (Alismataceae). As estruturas de 1 e 2 foram determinadas com base em análises espectrométricas do tipo EM-AR, IV, bem como, RMN de ¹H e 13C uni e bi dimensionais.44444

Determinants of the exclusive breastfeeding abandonment: psychosocial factors

OBJECTIVE To assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. METHODS Longitudinal study based on a birth cohort in Viçosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. In 2011/2012, 168 new mothers accessing the public health network were followed. Three interviews, at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum, with the new mothers were conducted. Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment was analyzed in the first, second, and fourth months after childbirth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was applied to identify depressive symptoms in the first and second meetings, with a score of ≥ 12 considered as the cutoff point. Socioeconomic, demographic, and obstetric variables were investigated, along with emotional conditions and the new mothers’ social network during pregnancy and the postpartum period. RESULTS The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum was 53.6% (n = 90), 47.6% (n = 80), and 69.6% (n = 117), respectively, and its incidence in the fourth month compared with the first was 48.7%. Depressive symptoms and traumatic delivery were associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment in the second month after childbirth. In the fourth month, the following variables were significant: lower maternal education levels, lack of homeownership, returning to work, not receiving guidance on breastfeeding in the postpartum period, mother’s negative reaction to the news of pregnancy, and not receiving assistance from their partners for infant care. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors were strong predictors of early exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and provide early treatment to nursing mothers with depressive symptoms, decreasing the associated morbidity and promoting greater duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Support from health professionals, as well as that received at home and at work, can assist in this process

Factors associated with unintended pregnancy in Brazil: cross-sectional results from the Birth in Brazil National Survey, 2011/2012

Background Unintended pregnancy, a pregnancy that have been either unwanted or mistimed, is a serious public health issue in Brazil. It is reported for more than half of women who gave birth in the country, but the characteristics of women who conceive unintentionally are rarely documented. The aim of this study is to analyse the prevalence and the association between unintended pregnancy and a set of sociodemographic characteristics, individual-level variables and history of obstetric outcomes. Methods Birth in Brazil is a cross-sectional study with countrywide representation that interviewed 23,894 women after birth. The information about intendedness of pregnancy was obtained after birth at the hospital and classified into three categories: intended, mistimed or unwanted. Multinomial regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between intendedness of a pregnancy, and sociodemographic and obstetric variables, calculating odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. All significant variables in the bivariate analysis were included in the multinomial multivariate model and the final model retaining variables that remained significant at the 5 % level. Results Unintended pregnancy was reported by 55.4 % of postpartum women. The following variables maintained positive and significant statistical associations with mistimed pregnancy: maternal age < 20 years (OR = 1.89, 95 % CI: 1.68–2.14); brown (OR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.27) or yellow skin color (OR = 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.05–2.32); having no partner (OR = 2.32, 95 % CI: 1.99–2.71); having no paid job (OR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.27); alcohol abuse with risk of alcoholism (OR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.50) and having had three or more births (OR = 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.63–2.47). The same factors were associated with unwanted pregnancy, though the strength of the associations was generally stronger. Women with three or more births were 14 times more likely to have an unwanted pregnancy, and complication in the previous pregnancies and preterm birth were 40 % and 19 % higher, respectively. Previous neonatal death was a protective factor for both mistimed (OR = 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.44–0.85) and unwanted pregnancy (OR = 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.34–0.57). Conclusions This study confirms findings from previous research about the influence of socioeconomic and individual risk factors on unintended pregnancy. It takes a new approach to the problem by showing the importance of previous neonatal death, preterm birth and complication during pregnancy as risk factors for unintended pregnancy