The implementation of problem-based learning in Ukrainian higher educational institutions

The article deals with the problem-based learning (PBL) that combines theoretical knowledge and practice in the educational process. PBL is an effective learning method through which the students become responsible and initiative. PBL main goals, principles and steps of implementation are observed in the article. PBL is a constructive, self-directed, collaborative and contextual process and has the potential to prepare students more effectively for future learning and profession. The main objectives of PBL are described in the article: constructing an extensive and flexible knowledge base; developing effective problem-solving abilities; becoming effective collaborators; being motivated to learn, work and research. It is cleared up that PBL focuses on practical learning where students solve real life badly structured problems. It is shown that the educational process is organized around the interdisciplinary problems and it can help students to learn integrally. The participants of problem-based learning process have to plan, monitor and evaluate the learning process actively, interpret prior knowledge and experience and after their self-study and mutual interaction within the group, they are able to construct and reconstruct their knowledge networks. The author states that implementation of PBL in the educational process gives students a sense of ownership over their learning and empowers participants with valuable skills that motivate students to learn and ability to achieve good results. The main ways of implementation of PBL in Ukrainian higher educational institutions and some recommendations are given in the article

El estudio tecnológico de la colección cerámica “La Paya” del Museo de Antropología y Etnografía Pedro El Grande (Kunstkamera, Rusia)

The Calchaquí Valley archaeological complex presents numerous Santamariana-Calchaquí ceramics of varied production techniques, shapes, and painted decoration. The most frequent ceramic containers are bowls, so widely spread that they were used for manufacturing complex shapes (burial urns, asymmetric pots, and libation vessels). The technological analysis of La Paya vessels and their replication through experimentation allowed us to identify traditional technologies specific to the Calchaquí Valley pottery production, such as the usage of molds. According to ethnographic collections, South and North American cultures created different vessels using organic materials, such as baskets. Analysis of ceramic container surfaces showed that baskets may have served as molds to manufacture some of the bowls belonging to the Santamariana-Calchaquí stylistic tradition.El complejo arqueológico del Valle Calchaquí se caracteriza por su abundante registro de cerámica  Santamariana-Calchaquí, que muestra variedad en la tecnología de producción, formas y ornamentación. El recipiente cerámico más frecuente es la escudilla, de tan amplia aplicación que incluso se usó en la construcción de otros recipientes más complejos (e.g. urnas funerarias, ollas asimétricas, vasos “libatorios”). El estudio tecnológico de las escudillas de La Paya y su reproducción mediante prácticas experimentales permitió identificar tradiciones tecnológicas típicas de la producción cerámica del Valle Calchaquí, como la utilización de moldes. Según colecciones etnográficas, las culturas de América del Sur y del Norte manufacturaron diversidad de vasijas usando materiales orgánicos, tales como los cestos. El análisis de las superficies de las vasijas cerámicas muestra que los cestos habrían sido utilizados como moldes para la manufactura de algunas escudillas de la tradición estilística Santamariana-Calchaquí

Sea-ice production over the Laptev Sea shelf inferred from historical summer-to-winter hydrographic observations of 1960s-1990s

The winter net sea-ice production (NSIP) over the Laptev Sea shelf is inferred from continuous summer-to-winter historical salinity records of 1960s–1990s. While the NSIP strongly depends on the assumed salinity of newly formed ice, the NSIP quasi-decadal variability can be linked to the wind-driven circulation anomalies in the Laptev Sea region. The increased wind-driven advection of ice away from the Laptev Sea coast when the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is positive implies enhanced coastal polynya sea-ice production and brine release in the shelf water. When the AO is negative, the NSIP and seasonal salinity amplitude tends to weaken. These results are in reasonable agreement with sea-ice observations and modeling

LIMITATION OF RIGHTS OF CYBER-BULLYING VICTIMS AMONG TEENAGERS

Despite the numerous benefits of ICT, their rapid and constant development has created a number of rather negative side effects. One of these is the problem of cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying is defined as an aggressive, intentional act made by a group or an individual using electronic forms of contact repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him- or herself. Cyber-bullying refers to bullying and harassment of others by means of new electronic technologies, primarily mobile phones and the Internet. Currently cyber-bullying has received significant media attention as certain cases have resulted in civil and criminal law suits filed against a perpetrator and/or a school. This article thus highlights the limitation of on rights of cyber-bullying victims among teenagers; authors discuss potential problems with such an approach. They also discuss current cyber-bullying prevention practices. The results have important implications for the types of strategies used to enhance the approachability of school staff and families to provide appropriate help and support for young people being bullied.

Opportunities for olfactory interaction in an automotive context

Driving is a highly visual task. Nevertheless, it is a process that involves other senses as well. When we drive, we touch the steering wheel; we listen to what is happening around us, and, even if we are not paying attention to that, we smell what is happening with the car or around it. A scent of gasoline, the burning rubber, the plastic heated up by the sunlight - these are just a few examples. Smell is a very important sense for driving, though it has not been studied much in this context [85], despite being able to provide a much more vivid experience than any other human sense [80]. This thesis aims to fill this gap by investigating opportunities for olfactory interaction in an automotive context. The thesis is mainly focused on designing a scent-delivery device suitable for in-car interaction, on the topic of delivering driving-relevant notifications using scents, and on studying the effects scents have on the driving performance and behaviour, as well as the driver’s mood and well-being. This paper-style PhD thesis consists of two parts. Part II is a collection of seven published papers written in the scope of this thesis, and Part I describes how these papers build a coherent story. Part I starts with an introduction (see Chapter 1) that covers the research questions and contributions of the thesis. It continues with a summary of the background research (see Chapter 2). This overview part then moves on to the description of the approach (see Chapter 3) that covers the process of designing the scent delivery device, the olfactory interaction space, and the studies conducted throughout this PhD. Chapter 4 then summarises the core findings of each study, which are finally discussed in Chapter 5. Part I finishes with a conclusion (see Chapter 6)

USING MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATIONS IN THE ENGLISH LESSONS

The article deals with the problem of using multimedia presentations in the English lessons. Effectiveness of teaching is impossible without introducing new forms of organising the studying process. One of the main ways to implement this idea is using multimedia technologies. Using multimedia presentations gives teachers an opportunity to intensify the process of teaching English, to make it more visual anddynamic

Vortex manipulation in a superconducting matrix with view on applications

We show how a single flux quantum can be effectively manipulated in a superconducting film with a matrix of blind holes. Such a sample can serve as a basic memory element, where the position of the vortex in a [k x l] matrix of pinning sites defines the desired combination of n bits of information (2^n=k*l). Vortex placement is achieved by strategically applied current and the resulting position is read-out via generated voltage between metallic contacts on the sample. Such a device can also act as a controllable source of a nanoengineered local magnetic field for e.g. spintronics applications

Implementation of problem-based learning in tutorials at higher educational institution

The article deals with the basic aspects of implementation of problem-based learning in tutorials at higher educational institution. The author highlights the main characteristics and features of problem-based learning; considers levels of the problem and requirements to creation of a problem situation; offers the model and stages of implementation of problem-based learning in a tutorial and draws reader’s attention to student’s role and teacher’s competences in problem-based learning. The results of the study can be applied in the process of implementation of problem-based learning in tutorials at higher educational institution in a variety of academic disciplines with taking into account their specificity. Keywords: problem-based learning, facilitator, tutor, multidisciplinary approach, self-education, problem situation В статті розглянуто основні аспекти впровадження проблемно-орієнтованого навчання на заняттях у вищому навчальному закладі. Автором висвітлено основні характеристики і риси проблемно-орієнтованого навчання; розглянуто рівні проблемності та вимоги до створення проблемної ситуації; запропоновано модель і етапи реалізації проблемно-орієнтованого навчання на занятті, а також звернено увагу на роль студента та компетенції викладача у проблемно-орієнтованому навчанні. Результати дослідження можуть бути застосовані у процесі впровадження проблемно-орієнтованого навчання на заняттях у вищому навчальному закладі з різних навчальних дисциплін із урахуванням їх специфіки.  Ключові слова: проблемно-орієнтоване навчання, фасилітатор, тьютер, мультидисциплінарний підхід, самоосвіта, проблемна ситуаці

DNN model extraction attacks using prediction interfaces

Machine learning (ML) and deep learning methods have become common and publicly available, while ML security to date struggles to cope with rising threats. One rising threat is model extraction attacks where adversaries are able to reproduce a target model close to perfection. The attack is widely deployable since the attacker needs only to have access to predictions to perform this attack. Stolen ML models could either be used for personal advantage to abuse paid prediction services or to create transferable adversarial examples that can be used to undermine the integrity of prediction services, i.e. prediction quality. This is a significant threat in several application areas, such as in autonomous driving, which rely heavily of computer vision via deep neural networks. In this thesis, we reproduce existing model extraction attacks and evaluate novel techniques to extract deep neural network (DNN) classifiers. We introduce new synthetic query generation strategies, and demonstrate their efficiency at extracting models for creating transferable targeted adversarial examples from stolen DNNs

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AS A LEARNER-CENTERED APPROACH: GENERAL REVIEW

The article is devoted to the problem-based learning that creates a link between theoretical knowledge and practice in the educational process. Main goals of the PBL are considered in the paper. These are: developing group learning environments; helping students to learn and understand curriculum contents; helping students to acquire problem solving skills (to be used in future professional practice); improving communication and professional interaction