Mythos Macht Nationalismus

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich im weitesten Sinne mit dem Einfluss des Amselfeldmythos und damit verbundenen weiteren mythischen Geschichts- und Identitätskonstruktionen der serbischen Bevölkerung auf die serbische Nationswerdung im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert sowie den serbischen Nationalismus vor und während des Milošević-Regimes

Innovation durch Kleinräumigkeit? Sozialraumorientierung in der Jugendhilfe - am Beispiel der Allgemeinen Sozialen Dienste in Nordrhein Westfalen

Sozialraumorientierung (SRO) bewirbt sich als Leit-konzept (Programm) einer vorbeugenden Sozialpolitik. Das Programm SRO ist durch bestimmte Wissens- und Deutungsmuster der beteiligten Akteur_innen gekennzeichnet. Die konkrete Umsetzung des Programms SRO erfolgt kommunal sehr unterschiedlich: Die Leitungskräfte versprechen sich von der kleinräumigen Reorganisation der Hilfestrukturen eine verbesserte Leistungserbringung, auch zur Entlastung der kommunalen Haushalte; die Fachkräfte denken SRO vor allem als Teil einer selbstverständlichen sozialpädagogischen Haltun

Innovation durch Kleinräumigkeit? Wissens- und Deutungsmuster in der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Jugendhilfe

Vorbeugende Sozialpolitik sucht die Entstehung und Verstetigung sozialer Problemlagen zu verhindern. Seit einigen Jahren bewirbt sich Sozialraumorientierung im deutschsprachigen Raum erfolgreich als Leitkonzept (Programm) einer derartigen präventiv ausgerichteten Sozialpolitik. Das Forschungsprojekt geht der Frage nach der Umsetzung des Programms Sozialraumorientierung im Feld der nordrhein-westfälischen Kinder- und Jugendhilfe nach. Dazu rekonstruiert der vorliegende Bericht Wissens- und Deutungsmuster der für die Programmumsetzung relevanten Akteur_innen auf der kommunalen Erbringungsebene und der suprakommunalen Programmebene. Die Rekonstruktion dieser Wissens- und Deutungsmuster geschieht auf Basis der empirischen Datenerhebung durch Expert_inneninterviews und focus groups. Die akteursorientierte Analyse verspricht systematische Einsichten in den konkreten Implementationsprozess der Sozialraumorientierung in NRW, auf deren Basis eine bessere Passung zwischen den einzelnen Landesprogrammen und deren Umsetzung auf Landes- und kommunaler Ebene möglich sein wird. Das Projekt will mit seinen Ergebnissen zur professionellen Weiterentwicklung der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe wie der personenbezogenen sozialen Dienstleistungen in NRW beitragen.Social Policy as a strategy for prevention is programmed to avoid the formation and consolidation of social problems. In the last years in the German speaking contexts community approaches are more and more discussed in this context. Those approaches seem to offer a leading strategy for such kind of social policy. The following report is documenting and discussing the research findings from the German project "Innovation at a Small Scale? Patterns of Knowledge in German Youth Welfare (NRW)". The leading research question for this project has been the question on the implementation of community approaches as 'small scale interventions' in the field of youth welfare. Therefore, social workers, managers and coordinators on the federal level have been interviewed (expert interviews, focus groups) in the project. Such an actor-centered research can offer systematic insights in the current processes of implementing community approaches in the field of youth welfare. On that basis, ‘matching problems’ between the current programs (especially on the federal level) and the everyday life practice of social workers and managers in youth welfare (on the level of the single community) can be solved. The aim of the project is to contribute to the further professionalisation of youth welfare, not only in Germany

Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells Attenuate Inflammation in Obliterative Airway Disease in Mouse Tracheal Allografts

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) remains the most significant cause of death in long-term survival of lung transplantation. Using an established murine heterotopic tracheal allograft model, the effects of different routes of administration of bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) on the development of OB were evaluated. Tracheas from BALB/c mice were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of major histocompatibility complex- (MHC-) disparate C57BL/6 mice. At the time of transplant, bone marrow-derived MSCs were administered either systemically or locally or via a combination of the two routes. The allografts were explanted at various time points after transplantation and were evaluated for epithelial integrity, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, and luminal obliteration. We found that the most effective route of bone marrow-derived MSC administration is the combination of systemic and local delivery. Treatment of recipient mice with MSCs suppressed neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell infiltration and reduced fibrosis. These beneficial effects were observed despite lack of significant MSC epithelial engraftment or new epithelial cell generation. Our study suggests that optimal combination of systemic and local delivery of MSCs may ameliorate the development of obliterative airway disease through modulation of immune response

The German National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies (2012-2017)

Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel. Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1–25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0–88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE- syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%—subcutaneous; 29%—intravenous; 1%—unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy. Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment

SAUV-A Bio-Inspired Soft-Robotic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Autonomous and remotely operated underwater vehicles allow us to reach places which have previously been inaccessible and perform complex repair, exploration and analysis tasks. As their navigation is not infallible, they may cause severe damage to themselves and their often fragile surroundings, such as flooded caves, coral reefs, or even accompanying divers in case of a collision. In this study, we used a shallow neural network, consisting of interlinking PID controllers, and trained by a genetic algorithm, to control a biologically inspired AUV with a soft and compliant exoskeleton. Such a compliant structure is a versatile and passive solution which reduces the accelerations induced by collisions to 56% of the original mean value acting upon the system, thus, notably reducing the stress on its components and resulting reaction forces on its surroundings. The segmented structure of this spherical exoskeleton protects the encased system without limiting the use of cameras, sensors or manipulators.1131

Urbane Raum(re)produktion Sozialer Arbeit - Soziale Arbeit macht Stadt

Dirks S, Kessl F, Lippelt M, Wienand C, eds. Urbane Raum(re)produktion Sozialer Arbeit - Soziale Arbeit macht Stadt. Münster: Westfälisches Dampfboot; 2016