13 research outputs found

    Apport de l’écho-doppler artĂ©riel des membres infĂ©rieurs dans la prise en charge du pied diabĂ©tique Ă  l’hĂŽpital Saint-Jean de Dieu de ThiĂšs (SĂ©nĂ©gal)

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    Introduction: Le pied diabĂ©tique se dĂ©finit comme l'ensemble des manifestations trophiques du pied survenant chez le diabĂ©tique par atteinte nerveuse, artĂ©rielle et ou infectieuse. Le pied diabĂ©tique est un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© publique Ă  l'Ă©chelle mondiale avec un taux d'amputation de membres infĂ©rieurs trĂšs Ă©levĂ©. L'Ă©cho-doppler artĂ©riel des membres infĂ©rieurs est de nos jours incontournable dans la prise en charge du pied diabĂ©tique. Le but de cette Ă©tude est de montrer la place prĂ©pondĂ©rante qu'occupe l'Ă©cho-doppler artĂ©riel dans le bilan lĂ©sionnel du pied diabĂ©tique. MĂ©thodes: Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective monocentrique incluant 46 patients sur une pĂ©riode de 24 mois, de mars 2012 Ă  mars 2014 Ă  l'hĂŽpital Saint-Jean de Dieu, un des deux hĂŽpitaux de rĂ©fĂ©rence de la rĂ©gion de ThiĂšs, dotĂ© depuis juillet 2011 d'un centre moderne de traitement du diabĂšte et des maladies cardio-mĂ©taboliques (Diabcarmet). Dans les critĂšres d'inclusion, nous avons sĂ©lectionnĂ© tous les patients diabĂ©tiques adressĂ©s pour un Ă©cho-doppler artĂ©riel des membres infĂ©rieurs dans le cadre d'une prise en charge du pied diabĂ©tique. Etaient exclus de l'Ă©tude, les patients artĂ©ritiques non-diabĂ©tiques et les patients diabĂ©tiques asymptomatiques rĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s pour un bilan Ă©cho-doppler de routine. RĂ©sultats: Le sex-ratio Ă©tait de 1.42 (27 hommes pour 19 femmes). L'Ăąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 62,86 ans avec des extrĂȘmes de 23 et 88 ans. 60% des patients (n=28) Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s entre 50 et 70 ans. Le diabĂšte de type 2 Ă©tait retrouvĂ© chez 95% des patients (n=44) alors que le diabĂšte de type 1 reprĂ©sentait 5% (n=2). La moyenne d'Ă©volution du diabĂšte Ă©tait estimĂ©e Ă  8 ans, avec des extrĂȘmes de 2 et 20 ans. On notait une atteinte du pied droit chez 24 patients, une atteinte du pied gauche chez 18 patients et une atteinte bilatĂ©rale chez 4 patients.La plupart du temps, les lĂ©sions du pied diabĂ©tique survenaient sur un terrain de diabĂšte dĂ©sĂ©quilibrĂ© (95%). Cliniquement, ces lĂ©sions Ă©taient dominĂ©es par la gangrĂšne infectieuse du pied (43.47%), l'abolition des pouls tibiaux et pĂ©dieux (17.4%), la gangrĂšne infectieuse des orteils (13.07%), la gangrĂšne mixte du pied (4.34%) et le mal perforant plantaire (4.34%).Sur le plan Ă©chographique, vingt-six patients ne prĂ©sentaient aucune anomalie hĂ©modynamique significative, mĂȘme si sur le plan morphologique la mĂ©diacalcose Ă©tait retrouvĂ©e chez tous nos patients (n=46). Les autres lĂ©sions morphologiques et hĂ©modynamiques artĂ©rielles Ă©taient dominĂ©es par la stĂ©nose serrĂ©e de l'artĂšre fĂ©morale superficielle chez 6 patients soit 13.04%, les stĂ©noses des artĂšres tibiales antĂ©rieures et postĂ©rieures chez 4 patients (6.52%) et l'association de plusieurs lĂ©sions artĂ©rielles chez 4 patients (8.7%). Le taux d'amputation, dans notre sĂ©rie, Ă©tait de 21.7%. Conclusion: Le pied diabĂ©tique est une complication potentiellement grave du diabĂšte, en Afrique sub-saharienne du fait d'un fort taux d'amputation de membre. L'Ă©cho-doppler artĂ©riel des membres infĂ©rieurs est un moyen d'imagerie non irradiant et non invasif indispensable dans la prise de dĂ©cision thĂ©rapeutique du pied diabĂ©tique.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

    Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

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    Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

    État des lieux des compĂ©tences des Internes de MĂ©decine GĂ©nĂ©rale et concordance diagnostique dans la prise en charge des pathologies cutanĂ©es en soins de santĂ© primaires

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    L'activitĂ© de dermatologie en mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale s'est intensifiĂ©e et le gĂ©nĂ©raliste a dĂ©sormais un rĂŽle clef dans sa Prise En Charge (PEC). Objectif : L'objectif de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer si les IMG en fin de cursus savaient reconnaĂźtre, traiter et dĂ©pister les pathologies cutanĂ©es les plus frĂ©quentes et/ou graves. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thode : Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude observationnelle, multicentrique sur la rĂ©gion Aquitaine via un questionnaire standardisĂ© et anonyme. Il a Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sentĂ© aux IMG en troisiĂšme cycle lors du dernier cours de DES. Les IMG devaient rĂ©pondre aux 21 cas-cliniques qui leur Ă©taient prĂ©sentĂ©s. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons recrutĂ© 73% des TCEM3, avec un taux de participation Ă  94%. Les rĂ©sultats sont : 74% de diagnostic juste, avec une PEC adaptĂ©e dans 59% des cas, une certitude diagnostique de 56% et une orientation vers un spĂ©cialiste de 24%. Les 5 pathologies les mieux diagnostiquĂ©es Ă©taient : l'Ă©rysipĂšle, l'herpĂšs, l'acnĂ©, le pied d'athlĂšte, et la varicelle. Tandis que les 5 pathologies les mieux prises en charge Ă©taient : la varicelle, le pied d'athlĂšte, le mĂ©lanome, la gale, et la candidose des grands plis. Conclusion : Les IMG possĂšdent des compĂ©tences satisfaisantes pour la gestion des pathologies cutanĂ©es, bien que leur PEC puisse ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©e par la rĂ©alisation d'un SASPAS ou d'un stage d'Internat en dermatologie, un intĂ©rĂȘt pour la matiĂšre accrus, et/ou la prĂ©sence d'un outil de rĂ©fĂ©rence en dermatologie disponible au cabinet.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Electrical imaging of lateritic weathering mantles over granitic and metamorphic basement of eastern Senegal, West Africa

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    The electrical properties of several tens of metres of lateritic weathering mantle were investigated by using electrical resistivity tomography "ERT" in two basement areas of eastern Senegal. The field survey was conducted along two profiles providing continuous coverage. Colour-modulated pseudosections of apparent resistivity vs. pseudo-depth were plotted for all survey lines, giving an approximate image of the subsurface structure. In the area underlain by granitic basement, the pseudosection suggests a very inhomogeneous weathered layer in which the apparent resistivity changes more rapidly than thickness. In the second area, underlain by schists, the lateral changes in electrical properties are less pronounced than those of the granitic area. Interpretation of 2D Wenner resistivity data yielded considerable detail about the regolith, even without pit information. In both areas, the near-surface topsoil comprising undersaturated lateritic material is highly resistive. The intermediate layer with low resistivities "e.g., 20-100 m" contains clays including small quantities of water. The third, highly resistive layer reflects the granitic basement. Comparison of ERT survey results with pit information shows general agreement and suggests that ERT can be used as a fast and efficient exploration tool to map the thick lateritic weathering mantle in tropical basement areas with hard rock geology. (Résumé d'auteur

    Interactions entre surface et convection au Sahel

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    Strong interactions and feedbacks between surface processes and deep convection occur in the Sahel. They take place over a wide range of scales. They are found to enhance surfaceatmosphere energy exchanges during the monsoon and to generate a large variability of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes in time and space.A positive feedback is observed between this variability, or more accurately soil moisture heterogeneities, and the frequency of initiation of convective systems. This feedback operates at fine scale, on the order of a few tens of kilometres. The underlying mechanisms and their modelling are discussed

    Niakhar, mémoires et perspectives

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    FondĂ© en 1962 en zone rurale Ă  150 km de Dakar, en pays Sereer, l'observatoire de Niakhar est le plus ancien observatoire de population en Afrique encore en activitĂ©. Au cƓur d'une histoire scientifique et humaine originale, il a permis d'assurer, depuis sa crĂ©ation, le suivi sanitaire, dĂ©mographique, social, Ă©conomique et environnemental de plus de deux gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les rĂ©sultats de recherche de Niakhar, avec des indicateurs suivis dans le temps long, ont Ă©clairĂ© et accompagnĂ© les politiques nationales et internationales en matiĂšre de santĂ©, notamment pour la prĂ©vention du paludisme. En revisitant 50 annĂ©es de recherche sur le site de Niakhar, cet ouvrage dĂ©crit et analyse la construction de cette plate-forme d'observation prospective pluridisciplinaire. Il illustre l'intĂ©rĂȘt de l'approche sur le long terme dans les diffĂ©rents domaines de recherche et ouvre une rĂ©flexion sur les enjeux Ă©thiques particuliers Ă  cet instrument de collecte. Enfin, il propose des pistes d'Ă©volution mĂ©thodologique et de gouvernance pour la recherche. Cette premiĂšre synthĂšse sur l'observatoire de Niakhar permettra Ă  l'État sĂ©nĂ©galais et aux dĂ©cideurs ouest-africains, avec les institutions internationales et les scientifiques, de disposer de bases concrĂštes pour optimiser ces plates-formes de recherche et les mobiliser dans la perspective des objectifs de dĂ©veloppement durable

    A multi-country phase 2 study to evaluate the suitcase lab for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in seven Sub-Saharan African countries: Lessons from the field

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    From Elsevier via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: issued 2023-03-03Article version: AMPaul Kadetz - ORCID: 0000-0002-2824-1856 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1856Background : The COVID-19 pandemic led to severe health systems collapse, as well as logistics and supply delivery shortages across sectors. Delivery of PCR related healthcare supplies continue to be hindered. There is the need for a rapid and accessible SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection method in low resource settings. Objectives : To validate a novel isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 across seven sub-Sharan African countries. Study design : In this multi-country phase 2 diagnostic study, 3,231 clinical samples in seven African sites were tested with two reverse transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RT-RAA) assays (based on SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) gene and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene). The test was performed in a mobile suitcase laboratory within 15 minutes. All results were compared to a real-time RT-PCR assay. Extraction kits based on silica gel or magnetic beads were applied. Results : Four sites demonstrated good to excellent agreement, while three sites showed fair to moderate results. The RdRP gene assay exhibited an overall PPV of 0.92 and a NPV of 0.88. The N gene assay exhibited an overall PPV of 0.93 and a NPV 0.88. The sensitivity of both RT-RAA assays varied depending on the sample Ct values. When comparing sensitivity between sites, values differed considerably. For high viral load samples, the RT-RAA assay sensitivity ranges were between 60.5 and 100% (RdRP assay) and 25 and 98.6 (N assay). Conclusion : Overall, the RdRP based RT-RAA test showed the best assay accuracy. This study highlights the challenges of implementing rapid molecular assays in field conditions. Factors that are important for successful deployment across countries include the implementation of standardized operation procedures, in-person continuous training for staff, and enhanced quality control measures.inpressinpres

    Timing of surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international prospective cohort study

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    Peri-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30-day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30-day mortality in patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4-1.5). In patients with a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and 5-6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1% (3.3-4.8), 3.9% (2.6-5.1) and 3.6% (2.0-5.2), respectively). Surgery performed >= 7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5% (0.9-2.1%)). After a >= 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2-8.7) vs. 2.4% (95%CI 1.4-3.4) vs. 1.3% (95%CI 0.6-2.0%), respectively). Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with ongoing symptoms >= 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay
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