Analysis of silicon stress/strain relationships

In the study of stress-strain relationships in silicon ribbon, numerous solutions were calculated for stresses, strain rates, and dislocation densities through the use of the Sumino model. It was concluded that many cases of failure of computer solutions to converge are analytical manifestations of shear bands (Luder's band) observed in experiments

In plane stress analysis

An investigation of the blowing up of UK numerical results for the inplane stress calculations for silicon ribbon is presented. The inplane stress that exists in a thin plate is governed by two general equations of equilibrium and compatibility

Stress and buckling analysis

An analysis is presented of elastic stress and buckling behavior due to thermal stresses in silicon ribbon. Thermal profiles for reducing stresses and improving flatness in wide ribbon are discussed

Impact of Uncertainty on Wind Power Curtailment Estimation

Ireland and other countries in the EU have binding targets for production of energy from renewable sources by 2020. Ireland’s Renewable Energy Action Plan aims to meet this target by producing 40% of electrical energy from renewable sources and most of this will come from wind power. In order to forecast the amount of wind power capacity required, it is necessary to forecast the amount of wind power curtailment that will arise from the need to maintain a certain amount of conventional generation online to provide system services such as reserve, inertia and system balance. Estimation of future levels of wind power curtailment is also necessary for investors. In this paper, a stochastic scheduling model is used to study the impact of forecast error related uncertainty on wind power curtailment estimation. Results are shown illustrating the impact of uncertainty on final energy production from wind power and the impact improvements in forecasting could have on these estimates

Stress-strain analysis of silicon ribbon

Temperature profiles for silicon ribbon are presented. Ribbon dislocations and elastic stress are discussed. Ribbon quality is important for the ribbon's function as a solar cell

Synopsis of Plazia Ruiz & Pav. (Onoserideae, Asteraceae), including a new species from northern Peru

Abstract. A synopsis of Plazia Ruiz & Pav. (Onoserideae, Asteraceae) is presented, including the description of a new species, Plazia robinsonii M.O.Dillon & Sagást., from a locality c. 20 kms west of Huamachuco, Department of La Libertad in northern Peru. It most closely resembles Plazia conferta Ruiz & Pav., a narrow endemic from central Peru some 450 km to the south; however, the latter species has larger leaves and smaller capitula. Plazia is a small genus of four species confined to the Andean Cordillera of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. A distribution map of the four species, an illustration of the new species, a photograph of the holotype, and a key to species are provided

Theories of choice in relation to farmer decisions

Farmers make decisions in an uncertain environment. Within a given year, weather and, consequently, yield are uncertain-even though more perfect knowledge exists relative to the mean, distribution and other statistics of yield over a period of years. Prices, especially for livestock where little government stabilization is provided, are particularly variable and give rise to difficulty of optimum choice. In addition to these main sources of uncertainty, many farmers are also faced with uncertainties stemming from personal and group relationships. An example of the latter is the length and conditions of tenure on rented farms. Within this environment of uncertainty, farmers must make choices of the combinations of crop and livestock products to produce, the farm practices and resource mixes to employ, the scale of operations and capital investment and other decisions which lead to profits or losses. While the decision environment is highly uncertain, recommendations to farmers on physical practices and economic organization are often, and perhaps even typically, made as if the future were known with absolute certainty. Over the previous two decades, however, certain theories were developed which recognized the existence of uncertainty in economic choice. These theories generally supposed that subjective notions or expectations were formulated with respect to future events, and that decision makers formulated choices accordingly-using various precautionary measures to conform with the degree of uncertainty and their ability to withstand the risks attached to unfavorable outcomes. More recently, theories of choice have been developed which suppose much less knowledge, or subjective anticipation, of the probability of future events. These theories of choice, or models for decisions under absolute uncertainty, define strategies which can be used by decision makers when they assume meager or no knowledge about likelihood of outcome of alternative future events

Eigen electric moments of magnetic-dipolar modes in quasi-2D ferrite disk particles

A property associated with a vortex structure becomes evident from an analysis of confinement phenomena of magnetic oscillations in a quasi-2D ferrite disk with a dominating role of magnetic-dipolar (non-exchange-interaction) spectra. The vortices are guaranteed by the chiral edge states of magnetic-dipolar modes which result in appearance of eigen electric moments oriented normally to the disk plane. Due to the eigen-electric-moment properties, a ferrite disk placed in a microwave cavity is strongly affected by the cavity RF electric field with a clear evidence for multi-resonance oscillations. For different cavity parameters, one may observe the "resonance absorption" and "resonance repulsion" behaviors