Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Mechanical Properties of Laminated Window Profiles Manufactured Using Two Types of Adhesives

The mechanical properties of laminated window profiles manufactured using two types of adhesives were determined. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of laminated window profiles that manufactured from Kosipo (Entandrophragma candollei Harms.) using differenet type adhesives. Commercially produced polyurethane based Macroplast UR 7221 and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive were used for experiments. The overall test results were found to be comparable to those obtained in the previous studies. Both types of adhesives resulted in significant differences in their strength characteristics at 95% confidence level. Adhesive UR 7221 improved the overall properties of the samples in contrast to PVAc

Extended-spectrum ?-lactamases among cloacal Escherichia coli isolates in healthy broilers in Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clonal typing of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli in healthy broilers in Turkey. Three hundred broiler cloacal samples were collected from various broiler slaughterhouses and inoculated on Levine agar plates supplemented with 2 μg/mL cefotaxime. Suspected strains were identified using a BBL Crystal Enteric/Nonfermenter ID Kit (Becton Dickinson, USA) and ESBL production was confirmed using an ESBL phenotypic confirmatory test. ESBL types were analyzed using PCR and sequencing. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed with XbaI for the clonal typing of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. While 33 phenotypic ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were identified, eight of them had only the blaTEM-1. Twenty-five ESBL-producing isolates were detected. This research is the first on the investigation and detection of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from broilers in Turkey. In this study, 8.3% ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from the cloacal samples of broilers collected from slaughterhouses in Turkey. CTX-M-15 (80%) was the most frequently isolated ESBL type. Using PFGE analysis, it was determined that these isolates had clonal similarity

Tailored review : report on the Office of the Children's Commissioner : March 2019

Furniture from wood material is exposed to various external effects. Impact has negative influence on these materials. Surface treatment is effective on wood material’s durability. This may change due to layers of paint and the property of the paint used on the material. The aim of this study is to determine the differences by investigating the deformations occurring on Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) with various surface treatments due to impact. Determination of the deformation values were performed by pendulum hardness test and rapid deformation test on MDF using polyurethane and cellulosic paints with different number of application layers. Impact tester was used for determining the effect of rapidly deforming sudden impacts. Pendulum hardness tester was used to determine the layer hardness of the surfaces. Statistical assessment was performed for determining and revealing the impacts. As result of the study, paint type, layer thickness and the interaction between them were significant. Highest layer hardness values for cellulosic paint application type 1 and polyurethane paint type 2 were 241.667 sec. and 222.133 sec. respectively. According to rapid deformation test it was determined that polyurethane paint application had better results than cellulosic paint application

TÜRKİYE’ DE AHŞAP KENT MOBİLYASI ÜRETİMİ VE KULLANIMINA YÖNELİK GÜNCEL BİR ANALİZ

Kent mobilyalarının, sektörel olarak Türkiye’deki durumu ve gelişim olanakları ile ahşap kent mobilyası üretimi ve kullanımına yönelik güncel bir değerlendirmeyi kapsayan bu araştırmada, sektörün Türkiye mobilya endüstrisi içinde yatırıma ve gelişmeye açık bir alt sektör konumunda ve ülkenin talep düzeyini karşılayacak kapasiteye sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak, özgün tasarımlarına ve uluslararası rekabet gücüne kavuşamamış bir yapıda olmasının başlıca nedenlerinin ise tasarım ve üretimdeki süreç ile standartlar konusundaki yetersizliklerden kaynaklandığı görülmektedir. Üretimin Marmara bölgesinde yoğunlaştığı (%60) ve üreticilerin tek ürün grubunda değil birden fazla ürün grubunda uzmanlaştığı belirlenmiştir. Belediyelerin ahşap kent mobilyası ihtiyacının tamamını yurt içinden sağladığı, Ancak, üreticilerin hammadde için tercihini (%65) ithal malzemelerden yana kullandığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca, ahşap malzemelerin kent mobilyalarındaki kullanım ve tercih üstünlüklerinin de belirlendiği bu araştırmada, Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de üretimde en çok Tik, Iroko, Sapelli, Meşe ve Çam türlerinin kullanıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır

Resistance of thermally modified ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood under steam pressure against rot fungi, soil-inhabiting micro-organisms and termites

Thermal modification processes have been developed to increase the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. The aim of this paper was to study the influence of ThermoWood® treatment intensity on improvement of wood decay resistance against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms, brown/white rots and termite exposures. All of the tests were carried out in the laboratory with two different complementary research materials. The main research material consisted of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood thermally modified at temperatures of 170, 200, 215 and 228 °C. The reference materials were untreated ash and beech wood for decay resistance tests, untreated ash wood for soil bed tests and untreated ash, beech and pine wood for termite resistance tests. An agar block test was used to determine the resistance to two brown-rot and two white-rot fungi according to CEN/TS 15083-1 directives. Durability against soil-inhabiting micro-organisms was determined following the CEN/TS 15083-2 directives, by measuring the weight loss, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) after incubation periods of 24, 32 and 90 weeks. Finally, Reticulitermes santonensis species was used for determining the termite attack resistance by non-choice screening tests, with a size sample adjustment according to EN 117 standard directives on control samples and on samples which have previously been exposed to soil bed test. Thermal modification increased the biological durability of all samples. However, high thermal modification temperature above 215 °C, represented by a wood mass loss (ML%) due to thermal degradation of 20%, was needed to reach resistance against decay comparable with the durability classes of ‘‘durable’’ or ‘‘very durable’’ in the soil bed test. The brown-rot and white-rot tests gave slightly better durability classes than the soil bed test. Whatever the heat treatment conditions are, thermally modified ash wood was not efficient against termite attack neither before nor after soft rot degradation