A review of comorbid disorders with PTSD in psychiatric centers in Tehran between 2009-2010

Introduction: Vulnerability has an important role in PTSD, which can be either genetic or acquisitive. According to research, the disorder coexists simultaneously with at least another psychiatric disorder and can be a disorder comorbid with a predictive factor, which influences the process from afflicting to medication. This study was performed to determine PTSD accompanying disorders in the patients referring to psychiatric centers in Tehran between 2009-2010.Methods: A total of 71 patients referring to psychiatric centers were examined for the co-occurring symptoms and disorders through questionnaires after initial interview, DSM-IV-TR criteria, and PTSD diagnosis.Results: 78.9% of the studied group was female and 21.1% was male. 39.4% of patients had acute PTSD, 60.5% chronic PTSD, and 93% had at least one other disease simultaneously.Conclusion: Insomnia, depression, and anxiety are the most important co-occurring diseases, and physiological symptoms are the most common symptoms of the disorder.Declaration of Interest: None.Keywords: Symptoms, Comorbidity, Posttraumatic stress disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder in children with visualdiseases

Introduction:The purpose of our study was to evaluate the frequency of behavioral problem in pre school-aged children with visual problem.Methods: In this expost facto study, which was selected via convenient sampling, 143 children ranging in age from 3-6 years that refer to optometry clinic for routine eye examination were evaluated.After complete ocular exams including evaluation of visual acuity with and without glasses, refraction with and without cycloplegic eye drops; we took written consent from parents, and obtained a detailed history of the children. One parent of each child completed the Conner’s Parent Rating Scale(CPRS).The CPRS scores of children with eye problem (30 cases) were compared with the normative sample (113 cases with normal eye exam) by t-test.We used ANOVA test to determine differences in outcomes between groups.Results: After complete ocular exams in order to diagnosis visual problems in 143 children 77 (54%) boys and 66(46%) girls that participated in our study with a mean age of 5.14 years (SD =3.64), 113 clients were normal, 23patients with refractive error and 7 child had amblyopia.Conclusion: Our results suggest that children ranging in age from 3to 6 years with eye problem have not a higher behavioral problem as measured by the CPRS than normal children.Declaration of Interest:None.Keywords: Disorder, Attention deficit hyperactivity, Child, Eye diseases.[1]1. Ph.D student in Psychometric, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran.2. Professor of  Psychiatry,Shahid Beheshti UniversityOf Medical Sciences Faculty of Rehabilitationsciences,Tehran, Iran.3. Associate  professor of  Psychiatry, Shahid BeheshtiUniversity of Medical Sciences.4. professor of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences ResearchCenter Shahed Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.Corresponding Author:ParvinDibajnia, ImamHossienSq. Damavand Ave. School of Rehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran Zipcode: 16169-13111Tel-fax: +98-21 -77561406Email: pdibaj @ gmail.co

Practical sand transport formula for non-breaking waves and currents

Open Access funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Under a Creative Commons license Acknowledgements This work is part of the SANTOSS project (‘SANd Transport in OScillatory flows in the Sheet-flow regime’) funded by the UK's EPSRC (GR/T28089/01) and STW in The Netherlands (TCB.6586). JW acknowledges Deltares strategic research funding under project number 1202359.09. Richard Soulsby is gratefully acknowledged for valuable discussions and feedback on the formula during the SANTOSS project.Peer reviewedPostprin

Behavior disorders in children with significant refractive errors

Purpose To evaluate the frequency of behavioral disorders in children with significant refractive error and to compare the results with those of emmetropic children. Methods In this prospective, comparative study from January to September 2013, refractive errors of all 5�12-year-old children who referred to a general eye clinic were recorded. A validated Persian version of the Rutter A scale was filled out by the parents for the evaluation of the child's behavioral disorders. The Rutter A scale scores of children with significant refractive error were compared with those of emmetropic eyes. Student t test, Chi square test, and Fisher's exact test were used for analysis. Differences with a P value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results One hundred eighty-three patients, including 101 patients with significant refractive error and 82 emmetropic subjects, were studied. Overall, 44 patients (24) had behavioral disorders, according to the Rutter A scale scores. Thirty patients (29.7) with significant refractive error and 14 emmetropic subjects (16.9) had behavioral disorders (P = 0.043). The prevalence of behavioral disorders were 37.5 in hyperopia, 35.7 in hyperopia-astigmatism, 21.4 in simple astigmatism, 16.7 in myopia-astigmatism, and 14.3 in myopia. Compared with emmetropic subjects, the prevalence of behavioral disorders was statistically significantly higher only in patients with hyperopia and hyperopia-astigmatism (P = 0.019 and P = 0.040). Conclusion The prevalence of behavioral disorders is higher in children with hyperopia and hyperopia-astigmatism. © 2016 Iranian Society of Ophthalmolog

Observations of velocities, sand concentrations, and fluxes under velocity-asymmetric oscillatory flows

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Sand transport under combined current and wave conditions: A semi-unsteady, practical model

For the general purposes of morphodynamic computations in coastal zones, simple formula-based models are usually employed to evaluate sediment transport. Sediment transport rates are computed as a function of the bottom shear stress or the near bed flow velocity and it is generally assumed that the sediment particles react immediately to changes in flow conditions. It has been recognized, through recent laboratory experiments in both rippled and plane bed sheet flow conditions that sediment reacts to the flow in a complex manner, involving non-steady processes resulting from memory and settling/entrainment delay effects. These processes may be important in the cross-shore direction, where sediment transport is mainly caused by the oscillatory motions induced by surface short gravity waves.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VCX-4KKWVSG-2/1/854644bf10005c5387d269cf0b4449b

ABO blood groups comparing obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression

Introduction: The history of studies on blood groups dates back to early 20th century. Studies have demonstrated that certain blood groups dictate tendencies toward physical or psychiatric illnesses. The present study aimed to find out the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Methods: In this survey, descriptive study with convenient samples, male/female patients who attended our psychiatry clinics with OCD (n=200) and depression (n=201) diagnosis, were enrolled according to DSM IV-TR criteria. Group one included two hundred patients with OCD (41 male and 159 female; mean age: 32.86 years) and second group consisting of two hundred and one patients were used for ABO/Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigen typing.Results: The ABO blood group phenotype distribution in OCD and depression subjects were respectively as follow: 31% (29.9%) for group A, 21% (22.9%) for group B, 40% (36.8%1) for group O and 8% (10.5%) for group AB. Rh positivity was found in 87% (85.6%1) of patients. Also, According to the Iranian Red Cross (2004), blood groups in OCD and depressive group were not significantly different from the distribution in the total Iranian population (chi-square=1.87, DF=6, p=0.93).Conclusion: According to our results, there were no differences in ABO-Rh blood groups distribution among OCD and depressive patients and normal population.Declaration of Interest: None.[1]Keywords: ABO blood group type, Obsession, Compulsive, Behavior.1. Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry,Centre for Behavioral Sciences Studies, Faculty ofRehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University ofMedical Sciences.2. Master in Psychometry, Centre for BehavioralSciences Studies, ShahidBeheshti University ofMedical SciencesCorresponding Author:ParvinDibajian, Tel-fax: +98-21 -7756140