Key issues for decentralization in municipal wastewater treatment

12 p.International audienceThe pressure on water resources caused by accelerated urbanization, the inadequate management and disposal of wastewater and the implementation of sophisticated treatment systems which sometimes with low efficiency and coverage are some of the problems to be solved with alternative and innovative strategies that be in harmony with the recent trends on water management. One of these strategies is the decentralisation in wastewater treatment. In this article, it is proposed an overview of the state of the art and a review of successful cases worldwide, to identify technological, social, economic and environmental issues to be considered for implementation of decentralisation in treatment of municipal wastewater in Colombia. These aspects are a first step in building the conceptual model for the selection of decentralised - centralised treatment schemes

Plan de elaboración y comercialización de té a base de uchuva: té dorado

86 páginasThe Golden Tea of Uchuva represents the need for healthy eating by people; it's a way to cool off by combining the natural with health care. The cape gooseberry has diuretic, anticancer properties\which causes its consumption to increase. The cape gooseberry is a fruit that occurs in Colombia and when converted into Uchuva tea, it facilitates its commercialization and portability.El Té Dorado de Uchuva representa la necesidad de alimentación saludable por parte de las personas; es una manera de refrescarse combinando lo natural con el cuidado de la salud. La uchuva tiene propiedades diuréticas, anticancerígenas lo cual hace que su consumo aumente. La uchuva es una fruta que se da en Colombia y al convertirla en Té de Uchuva, facilita su comercialización y portabilidad.EspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerenci

Estado de las comunicaciones en zona centro oriente unad: los flujos de información en relación con los estudiantes, egresados y sector externo

Una de las dimensiones que aborda la comunicación organizacional tiene que ver con las condiciones que influyen en la gestión del flujo comunicacional entre los diferentes públicos de la organización para el cumplimiento de los objetivos organizacionales. Esta investigación pretende determinar el estado de las comunicaciones en Zona Centro Oriente, UNAD, a partir de los flujos de información en relación con los estudiantes, egresados y sector externo. El tipo de estudio es cualitativo descriptivo. La técnica de recolección de datos es la observación participante como. Se usó como instrumento el diario de campo en los escenarios digitales de la universidad, presentes en la ZCORI, como la página web, añadido a la página institucional, los correos electrónicos y redes sociales, particularmente facebook y twitter. Los resultados muestran que los mensajes enviados son predominantemente informativos, especialmente en los momentos de matrícula. La información es repetitiva y proviene de diferentes remitentes hacia los estudiantes. Los egresados reciben escasa información y el flujo de comunicación con el sector externo queda en los procesos propios de la gestión. Urge el establecimiento del flujo de información, identificando con claridad los canales, tipos de mensajes, géneros de comunicación y remitentes identificados para la Zona. Palabras clave: Comunicación organizacional, comunicación interna, comunicación externa, flujos de comunicación, estrategia de comunicación.One of the dimensions that organizational communication addresses has to do with the conditions that influence the management of the communication flow between the different publics of the organization, for the fulfillment of the organizational objectives. This research considers the state of communications in the Central East Zone, UNAD, of the information flows in relation to students, graduates and external sector. The type of study is qualitative descriptive. The technique of data collection is participant observation as. It is used as an instrument of the field journal in the digital settings of the university, it is presented in the Zcori, as a web page, it is added to the institutional page, the emails and social networks, it is offered on Facebook and Twitter. The results showed that the messages sent were predominantly informative, especially at the time of registration. The information is repetitive and comes from different senders to the students. The graduates received little information and the flow of communication with the external sector are in the processes of management. The establishment of the information flow is urgent, clearly identifying the channels, types of messages, communication names and senders identified for the Area. Keywords: Organizational communication, internal communication, external communication, communication flows, communication strategy

Sleep Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients. Prevalence and Clinical and Epide-miological Features

Introducción: Dormir mal es una de las quejas más frecuentes de los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Este problema afecta negativamente la calidad de vida y la salud de quienes los padecen. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos del sueño y los factores clínicos y epidemiológicos relacionados, en pacientes adultos con enfermedad renal crónica que se encuentran en hemodiálisis. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo de corte transversal. Se evaluaron los pacientes mayores de 18 años con enfermedad renal crónica que requieren diálisis y asisten a las unidades de hemodiálisis de los hospitales universita-rios de San Ignacio, en Bogotá, y San Vicente, en Medellín. Se diseñó un cuestionario para recopilar información sociodemográfica y clínica. Se emplearon escalas para medir la calidad del sueño, la excesiva somnolencia diurna y el riesgo de apnea del sueño y de síndrome de piernas inquietas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 139 pacientes, entre 20 y 84 años de edad, el 54% (75) fueron de sexo masculino; 94,2% merecen atención médica por su problema de sueño. Conclusión: Los trastornos del sueño son una condición clínica de alta prevalencia en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis. En todo paciente que se encuentre en hemodiálisis se debe buscar de forma rutinaria problemas de sueño.Q4Artículo original433-445Introduction: Poor sleep is one of the most common complaints of patients on hemo-dialysis. This in turn affects the quality of life and health of those who suffer from it. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders and related clinical and epi-demiological features in adult patients with chronic kidney disease who are on hemo-dialysis. Method: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study. The patients assessed were over 18 years old, had chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis, and attended the hemodialysis units of the University Hospital San Ignacio in Bogotá and the San Vicente Foundation in Medellin. We designed a questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and clinical information. Scales were used to measure sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, risk of sleep apnea, and restless legs syn-drome. Results: 139 patients were assessed between the ages of 20 and 84 years old, 54% (75) were male. 94.2% of the patients were deserving of medical attention due to sleep problem. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are a highly prevalent clinical condition in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Sleep problems should be routinely assessed in all dialysis patients

Survey and analysis of microsatellites from transcript sequences in Phytophthora species: frequency, distribution, and potential as markers for the genus

BACKGROUND: Members of the genus Phytophthora are notorious pathogens with world-wide distribution. The most devastating species include P. infestans, P. ramorum and P. sojae. In order to develop molecular methods for routinely characterizing their populations and to gain a better insight into the organization and evolution of their genomes, we used an in silico approach to survey and compare simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in transcript sequences from these three species. We compared the occurrence, relative abundance, relative density and cross-species transferability of the SSRs in these oomycetes. RESULTS: The number of SSRs in oomycetes transcribed sequences is low and long SSRs are rare. The in silico transferability of SSRs among the Phytophthora species was analyzed for all sets generated, and primers were selected on the basis of similarity as possible candidates for transferability to other Phytophthora species. Sequences encoding putative pathogenicity factors from all three Phytophthora species were also surveyed for presence of SSRs. However, no correlation between gene function and SSR abundance was observed. The SSR survey results, and the primer pairs designed for all SSRs from the three species, were deposited in a public database. CONCLUSION: In all cases the most common SSRs were trinucleotide repeat units with low repeat numbers. A proportion (7.5%) of primers could be transferred with 90% similarity between at least two species of Phytophthora. This information represents a valuable source of molecular markers for use in population genetics, genetic mapping and strain fingerprinting studies of oomycetes, and illustrates how genomic databases can be exploited to generate data-mining filters for SSRs before experimental validation

Plan de trabajo anual fundación Hogares Claret

El objeto de estudio, es el análisis SG-SST de la fundación Hogares Claret sede Montenegro Quindío, dedicada a la implementación pedagógica del aprendizaje de menores en proceso de rehabilitación, el objetivo del estudio es realizar la estructura del sistema de gestión, teniendo en cuenta los niveles de riesgo al que se expone el personal que labora en la fundación, analizando los procesos, implementando objetivos y diseñando un plan de trabajo encaminado a una correcta aplicación del sistema de gestión de SST.The object of study is the SG-SST analysis of the Hogares Claret foundation, Montenegro Quindío headquarters, dedicated to the pedagogical implementation of learning for minors in the process of rehabilitation, the objective of the study is to carry out the structure of the management system, taking into account the levels of risk to which the personnel working in the foundation are exposed, analyzing the processes, implementing objectives and designing a work plan aimed at a correct application of the SG SST

Trayectorias de un viaje por la investigación educativa desde el sentipensar de los maestros y maestras : experiencias en desarrollo del programa de pensamiento crítico

428 páginasEste libro reúne 19 experiencias que continúan el acompañamiento en la fundamentación, desarrollo y estructuración de estrategias de tipo pedagógico y didáctico dentro de la ruta sentipensante en el Nivel II: Experiencias en desarrollo. Igualmente, en estas experiencias se hace una ampliación de referentes, técnicas e instrumentos para recoger información de los 19 textos presentados. De tal manera, estas experiencias son fruto de este acompañamiento que ha realizado el Instituto para la Investigación Educativa y el Desarrollo Pedagógico IDEP, que servirán de base y referente para seguir aportando en la configuración y consolidación de comunidades de saber y práctica pedagógica, así como en la conformación de colectivos y redes de maestros y maestras

Experiencias en el aula: cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

Cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras, evento que se llevo a cabo los días 7 y 8 de Octubre de 2019

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries