Detección molecular del virus de la hepatitis E en hígados de cerdo destinados al consumo humano en el estado de Nuevo León, México

RESUMEN Objetivo. Detección molecular del virus de la hepatitis E (VHE) en hígado de cerdo para consumo humano en Nuevo León, México. Material y métodos. Se analizaron 127 hígados de cerdo (87 obtenidos de rastros TIF, y 40 de carnicerías) mediante RT-PCR semianidado para amplificar un fragmento de 212 pb del gen ORF2 del VHE. Resultados. El 19.5% (17) de los hígados de rastros y 22.5% (9) de carnicerías fueron positivos. La secuenciación mostró 94-95% de homología con el genotipo 3. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que el VHE circula en granjas porcinas del estado, lo que constituye una probable fuente de contaminación para los productos cárnicos porcinos. ABSTRACT Objective. Molecular detection of HEV in pig livers destined for human consumption in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Materials and methods. 87 livers were collected from pigs slaughtered in TIF and 40 livers from butchers. A 212 pb fragment of HEV ORF2 gene was amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR. Results. 19.54% (17) of tif’s and 22.5% (9) of buthcer’s livers were positive for HEV. Sequencing of the amplified products showed a 94%-95% homology with the sequences reported for genotype 3. Conclusions. Our results indicate that HEV is circulating in swine herds in the state, constituting a probable source of contamination of pig meat products

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

In Vivo Evaluation of the Antitumor and Immunogenic Properties of Silver and Sodium Dichloroacetate Combination against Melanoma

Our main focus was to evaluate the efficacy of silver and sodium dichloroacetate as dual-function agents to be used in melanoma treatment. This strategy is designed to increase the activity of these two compounds that affect DNA integrity and the mitochondria at different levels. Furthermore, we evaluated if the cell death mechanism induced by our treatments was immunogenic cell death. To evaluate antitumor efficacy, we assessed tumor volume and production of tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κ B (both by ELISA), and nitric oxide levels (Nitrate/Nitrite colorimetric assay kit); for immunogenic cell death, we evaluated the release of danger-associated molecular patterns using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, as well as an in vivo challenge. Our results showed that the combination of colloidal silver and sodium dichloroacetate is more effective than each treatment alone and that the antitumor mechanism is not through immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, this study can broadly contribute to the development of dichloroacetate-loaded silver nanoparticles and to the design targeted pharmacological formulations to fight melanoma as well as other types of cancer

Identificación de especies de Eimeria presentes en caprinos (Capra aegagrus hircus) en Nuevo León, México

Objective. To identify, describe and determine the frequency of species of the genus Eimeria from goat feces from the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Materials and methods. From 403 samples of goat excreta from 13 municipalities of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Subsequently, after sporulation of the parasite dispersal forms (Oocysts), identification was made according to their morphology and morphometry by means of histograms and linear regression analysis. Results. A total of 60.29% of the animals sampled were positive for the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. The municipalities in which this parasite was most frequently detected were Ramones and Pesquería with 100% of positive samples, while a lower frequency was observed in the municipality of Aramberri with 3.4%. The morphological and morphometric analysis of the sporulated oocysts allowed the identification of 8 different types of Eimeria in the group of animals studied: E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. jolchijevi, E. alijevi, E. arloingi and E. apsheronica. Conclusions. Most of the identified Eimeria spp. showed a high degree of polymorphism. According to their morphometric characteristics, eight species were identified, including E. apsheronica, which has not been previously described in Mexico. Further studies of Eimeria species circulating in goats in Mexico are required.Objetivo. Identificar, describir y determinar la frecuencia de especies de género Eimeria a partir de heces de cabra del estado de Nuevo León, México. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron 403 muestras de excretas de caprinos de 13 municipalidades de Nuevo León, México. Posteriormente, tras la esporulación de las formas de dispersión parasitaria (Ooquistes), se realizó la identificación en función de su morfología y morfometría mediante histogramas y análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados. Un total de 60.29% de los animales muestreados resultaron positivos a la presencia de ooquistes de Eimeria spp. Las municipalidades en las que con más frecuencia se detectó este parásito fueron Ramones y Pesquería con 100% de muestras positivas, mientras que se observó una menor frecuencia en el municipio de Aramberri con 3.4%. El análisis morfológico y morfométrico de los ooquistes esporulados permitió identificar ocho tipos diferentes de Eimerias en el grupo de animales estudiados siendo estas ocho especies: E. caprina, E. caprovina, E. christenseni, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. jolchijevi, E. alijevi, E. arloingi y E. apsheronica. Conclusiones. La mayoría de las especies de Eimeria spp. identificadas presentaron un alto grado de polimorfismo, acorde a sus características morfométricas se logró identificar ocho especies, incluida E. apsheronica la cual previamente no ha sido descrita en México. Se requiere ampliar los estudios de las especies de Eimeria circulantes en caprinos de México

Cytotoxic Effect In Vitro of <i>Acalypha monostachya</i> Extracts over Human Tumor Cell Lines

Acalypha monostachya (A. monostachya) is a plant that is used in traditional medicine as a cancer treatment; however, its effect has not been validated. In this study, the potential cytotoxic effects and morphological changes of A. monostachya were evaluated in human tumor cell lines. The aqueous (AE), methanolic (ME), and hexane (HE) extracts were obtained, and flavonoid-type phenolic compounds were detected, which indicates an antineoplastic effect. We observed a time-dependent and concentration-selective toxicity in human tumor cells. Additionally, the ME and HE showed the greatest cytotoxic effect at minimum concentrations compared to the AE, which showed this effect at the highest concentrations. All extracts induced significant morphological changes in tumor cells. The HeLa (cervix carcinoma) cells were more sensitive compared to the MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer) cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated a cytotoxic in vitro effect of A. monostachya extracts in tumoral human cell lines. These results show the potential antineoplastic effects of A. monostachya in vitro. Hereafter, our lab team will continue working to usefully isolate and obtain the specific compounds of A. monostachya extracts with cytotoxic effects on tumor cells to find more alternatives for cancer treatment